Frost formation is of a major research interest as it can affect many industrial processes. Frost appears as a thin deposit of ice crystals when the temperature of the surface is below the freezing point of the liquid. The objective of this research is to study icing with hope to propose new anti-icing and deicing methods. In the beginning of the research, cracking of the ice layer was observed when a deionized water droplet impacts a ?50 oC cooled sphere surface that is in contact with dry ice. To further investigate the cracks occurrence, multiple experiments were conducted. It was observed that the sphere surface temperature and droplet temperature (ranges from 10-80 oC) have no effect on the crack formation. On the other hand, it was observed that formation of a thin layer of frost on the sphere before the drop impact leads the lateral cracking of the ice. Thus, attempts to reproduce the cracks on clean super cold sphere surfaces were made using scratched and sandblasted spheres as well as superhydrophobized and polymer particle coated spheres. Furthermore, innovative methods were tried to initiate the cracks by placing epoxy glue bumps and ice-islands coatings on the surface of the spheres. All of these attempts to reproduce the crack formation without the presence of frost, failed. Nonetheless, the adding of isolated frost on the sphere surfaces always leads to the crack formation. Generally, frost forms on the small spheres faster than it does on the bigger ones. Additionally, the cold water droplet produces thicker water and ice layer compared to a hot water droplet; and the smaller the sphere the larger its water and ice layer thicknesses.

To design a grate boiler with a natural circulation for burning of a pine bark with an output 18t/h is a primary objective of this dissertation. Individual parts of a boiler and it´s heat transfering surfaces were calculated after the working out of stoichiometric calculations from given element analysis of fuel. All computations have to fulfill several parameters: boliler output, temperature and pressure of an overheated steam.

The goal of this Master’s Thesis is to design a refuse derived fuel (RDF) fired steam boiler with 70 t/h processing ability. The assignment consists of requested output parameters of overheated steam and analysis of fuel components. This analysis was used for stoichiometric calculation of fuel. Furthermore, heat balance of the boiler was calculated, from which was determined the heat loss and the efficiency of the boiler. Individual designs and calculations of heating surfaces and boiler dimensions were carried out from requested output parameters.

This work deals with the task of image scaling using GPU paralelization. Portion of text is devoted to signal processing and his affection of whole result including measuring it's quality. Describtion of the most important methods including super-resolution is given further in the text. An important part of this thesis is library implementing choosen methods with usage of paralelization on graphic chip. Achieved results of paralelization are demonstrated on set of speed tests.

F. Scott Fitzgerald’s critically acclaimed classic The Great Gatsby, written in 1925, poetically captures the zeitgeist of the roaring twenties, and has attracted considerable attention regarding the depiction of the American dream. Early critics argued that it offered a rendition of the quintessential American dream, claiming that the novel stays true to the dream’s original values. However, this analysis makes an effort to reveal the false materialistic values that corrupt and taint the vision of the original American dream projected in the narrative. More specifically, the analysis attempts to demonstrate that the core values of the American dream are gradually distorted and corrupted throughout the novel. Moreover, the novel is approached through the use of certain psychoanalytic concepts which are concerned with mental processes and constructions of personality. By applying these psychoanalytic concepts to Jay Gatsby, the analysis investigates the gradual perversion of the dream through a number of passages and pivotal moments throughout the novel as to showcase the reasons why the dream is perverted. The analysis concludes that the investigated events in fact demonstrate a gradual perversion of the American dream. Furthermore, the essay showcases a clear causal connection between the disrupted balance in the mental processes within Gatsby and the investigated events. The stressful events that Gatsby experiences prompt certain cognitive responses within Gatsby, causing him to pervert the American dream and its core values.

Alternative means of satisfying the high bandwidth and protected communications requirements for New Construction Naval Surface Ships in the midst of conflicting reduced radar cross section (RCS) requirements were investigated using the systems engineering process. <p>Various antenna, ranging from parabolic dish antennas to Luneberg lens antennas to phased array antennas, and feed and amplifier combinations were considered to provide a dual-band Super High Frequency (SHF) and Extremely High Frequency (EHF) Satellite Communications (SATCOM) Terminal (SEST). <p>Through the design of this hypothetical system, the various stages of the systems engineering process are considered-- definition of need, conceptual design, preliminary system design, production and installation, and utilization and support. Sample tasks are performed at each stage in the process (e.g., a system performance specification is prepared in the advanced system planning stage). <p>The set of technical solutions that remained in the preliminary design phase are compared based on life cycle costs. Two approaches are recommended -- one assuming lowest life cycle cost has highest priority and one assuming that the ability to communicate simultaneously on SHF and EHF has highest priority. / Master of Science

Orientador: Maria Celeste Tommasello Ramos / Resumo: Esta dissertação de mestrado investiga trechos de duas fases da revista Mulher-Maravilha roteirizadas por George Pérez (1987-1992) e Greg Rucka (2016-2017). O eixo teórico utilizado é o do maravilhoso como gênero narrativo identificado por Marinho. A autora estabelece alguns critérios de inserção de narrativas nesse grupo, sendo um deles o da intertextualidade com outras narrativas maravilhosas. Acreditando que esse seja o principal modo pelo qual Mulher-Maravilha se enquadra nesse gênero, utilizamos os pressupostos Samoyault para explorar a relação da revista com alguns mitos e contos de fadas. Também é feita uma categorização de um dos volumes analisados segundo as funções do conto maravilhoso de Vladimir Propp, outro critério estabelecido por Marinho. As análises são acompanhadas de ponderações a respeito do modo como as esferas mítica e maravilhosa interagem com a super-heroica, bem como uma reflexão que mostra os motivos pelos quais a superaventura em quadrinhos propicia o uso da intertextualidade. A conclusão mostra que a intertextualidade com o maravilhoso é ampla em Mulher-Maravilha, e sempre está atrelada à revisão dos valores presentes nos mitos e contos. Alinha-se, portanto, à tendência presente desde sua criação de usar histórias canônicas de forma revisionista, questionando-as, reinterpretando-as e atualizando seus valores para os novos tempos. / Abstract: This master thesis investigates excerpts of two runs of the Wonder Woman comic book: those written by George Pérez (1987-1992) and Greg Rucka (2016-2017). The theoretical guideline is Marinho’s view of the marvelous as a narrative genre. The author establishes a few criteria for classifying narratives as part of this group, one of them being the intertextuality with other marvelous narratives. This work uses Samoyault’s studies regarding intertextuality to explore how the comic book relates to both myths and fairy tales, as this seems to be the main mode of operation of the marvelous genre in Wonder Woman. One of the volumes of stories is also examined through Propp’s functions of the wonder tale since this method is another of Marinho’s parameters. The analyses are accompanied by discussions on how the mythic and marvelous spheres interact with the superhero one, as well as a reflection about why superhero comics encourage their study through the means of intertextuality. The conclusion shows that the dialogue with marvelous stories is broad in Wonder Woman and that it is always tied to the revision of their values. Therefore, the comic is aligned to a typical tendency of the character since her creation: using canonical stories in a revisionist fashion, questioning and reinterpreting them in a way that updates their values to the new times. / Mestre

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Les tétraspanines sont des protéines transmembranaires de la membrane plasmique qui forment un réseau d'interactions protéiques, appelé "Tetraspanin Web", entre tétraspanines ou avec d'autres protéines partenaires. Elles ont également la capacité de s'organiser en microdomaines membranaires appelés TEM (Tetraspanin-Enriched Microdomains). Ces protéines sont impliquées dans plusieurs mécanismes cellulaires et associées à de nombreuses pathologies. La diversité de leurs interacteurs reflète la pléiotropie de leurs fonctions.. Entre autres, elles jouent un rôle déterminant au cours des processus infectieux et notamment lors du bourgeonnement du VIH-1. Des études récentes menées au laboratoire ont plus particulièrement démontré, à l’échelle de la molécule unique, que les tétraspanines CD9 et CD81 étaient spécifiquement recrutées au niveau des sites d'assemblage de la protéine virale Gag. Ces travaux ont été faits dans un système modèle de cellules HeLa transfectées par Gag-GFP, dans lesquelles se forment des sites de bourgeonnement de pseudo-particules virales de type VIH-1. Ces observations soulèvent plusieurs questions quant à l’implication des tétraspanines CD9 et CD81 dans le mécanisme d’assemblage du virus, notamment dans le remodelage de la membrane plasmique de la cellule hôte et sa courbure lors du bourgeonnement, deux phénomènes auxquels les tétraspanines sont associées. Dans ce contexte, le principal objectif de ma thèse a été de déterminer l'organisation structurale des sites d'assemblage du VIH-1 en utilisant une nouvelle méthodologie combinant la microscopie à force atomique (AFM) et la microscopie super résolue de type dSTORM. La microscopie dSTORM fait partie des techniques basées sur la localisation de molécules individuelles et permet de cartographier des protéines fluorescentes avec une résolution latérale inférieure à 50nm tandis que l'AFM permet de déterminer la topographie membranaire avec une résolution du même ordre. La première partie de ma thèse a consisté à construire ce nouveau montage expérimental, en collaboration avec l'équipe de Marcelo Nollmann. Nous avons confirmé en premier lieu que les sites regroupant Gag-GFP corrélaient bien avec des protrusions membranaires caractérisés par AFM Nous avons montré que les tétraspanines CD9 étaient spécifiquement recrutées au niveau de ces sites de bourgeonnement et que leur recrutement corrélait avec le degré de maturation des bourgeons Gag-GFP qui dépend du diamètre et de la hauteur des sites de bourgeonnement. En plus d’une redistribution des tétraspanines au cours du processus d’assemblage des nouveaux virions, nous avons pu observer une déplétion des tétraspanines CD9 et CD81 à la surface des cellules exprimant la protéine virale Gag-GFP. Ces résultats préliminaires révèlent la capacité des protéines virales Gag à modifier spécifiquement l’environnement de la cellule hôte en modulant la répartition et l’expression des tétraspanines au niveau de la membrane plasmique, suggérant un rôle déterminant des tétraspanines au cours de la réplication du virus VIH-1. / Tetraspanins are transmembrane proteins forming a network of protein-protein interactions at the cell surface, called "Tetraspanin Web". They can also be organized into membrane microdomains named « TEMs » for « Tetraspanin Enriched Microdomains ». These domains are involved in many cellular functions and pathologies. The role of tetraspanins during infection has been described early on, notably TEMs are implicated in various aspects of the HIV-1 life cycle, including entry and budding. It has been demonstrated recently, at the single molecule level, that the CD9 and CD81 tetraspanins are specifically recruited by HIV-1 Gag to viral assembly and release sites. These observations raise crucial questions about the role of these two tetraspanins in this process and their implication in membrane remodelling and/or bending during assembly and budding of the viral particles. In this context, the main objective of my PhD thesis was to investigate the structural organization of HIV-1 assembly/budding sites by a combination of two advanced microscopy techniques: atomic force microscopy (AFM) and direct Stochastic Optical Reconstruction Microscopy (dSTORM). AFM provides information on the membrane topography with lateral resolution lower than a 50 nm. A similar resolution can be reached with dSTORM that is suitable to map fluorescently labeled proteins at the single molecule level. Combination of these two techniques allowed us to characterize the distribution of CD9 clusters within HIV-1 budding sites in the membrane topography context. The first task of my PhD was to build this new combo in collaboration with Marcelo Nollmann's group. We then performed AFM imaging of HeLa cells transfected with the viral protein Gag fused to GFP and demonstrated that Gag-GFP assembly sites correlate with membrane protrusions. In addition, by dSTORM imaging of the same region, we have shown that CD9 tetraspanins were enriched and recruited at Gag assembly sites and that their distribution depends on the assembly stage of the virus-like particles imaged with AFM (the dimensions of the budding sites relates to the assembly stage of the viral particles). Finally, we documented that Gag mediated depletion of both CD9 and CD81 tetraspanins from the surface of HeLa transfected cells. These results reveal the impact of the viral protein Gag on the host cell environment by modulating the partition and expression of tetraspanins within the plasma membrane, reinforcing an important role of tetraspanins during HIV-1 life cycle.