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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
51

Design of Low Impact Development and Green Infrastructure at Flood Prone Areas in the City of Miami Beach, FLORIDA, USA

Alsarawi, Noura 29 June 2018 (has links)
This thesis investigates the effectiveness of Low Impact Development Infrastructure (LIDI) and Green Infrastructure (GI) in reducing flooding resulting from heavy rainfall events and sea-level rise, and in improving stormwater quality in the City of Miami Beach (CMB). InfoSWMM was used to simulate the 5, 10, and 100-year, 24-hour storm events, total suspended solids (TSS), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), and chemical oxygen demand (COD) loadings, and in evaluating the potential of selected LIDI and GI solutions in North Shore neighborhood. Post-development results revealed a decrease of 48%, 46%, and 39% in runoff, a decrease of 57%, 60%, and 62% in TSS, a decrease of 82%, 82%, and 84% in BOD, and a decrease of 69%, 69%, and 70% in COD loadings. SWMM 5.1 was also used to simulate the king tide effect in a cross section in Indian Creek Drive. The proposed design simulations successfully demonstrated the potential to control flooding, showing that innovative technologies offer the city opportunities to cope with climate impacts. This study should be most helpful to the CMB to support its management of flooding under any adaptation scenarios that may possibly result from climate changes. Flooding could be again caused as a result of changes in inland flooding from precipitation patterns or from sea-level rise or both.
52

Nonpoint-Source Pollutants to Determine Runoff Source Areas

Lane, L. J., Norton, H. L., Wallace, D. E., Wilson, R. E., Martin, R. D. 16 April 1977 (has links)
From the Proceedings of the 1977 Meetings of the Arizona Section - American Water Resources Assn. and the Hydrology Section - Arizona Academy of Science - April 15-16, 1977, Las Vegas, Nevada / Hydrologic information is needed to understand and control water pollution from semiarid rangelands. However, the hydrologic systems under any given conditions must be understood and the effects of various land uses predicted. Based on the concept of partial area response, a runoff tracer study was conducted on two small watersheds. The watersheds were partitioned into four geomorphic subzones or hydrologic response units. Each of the four zones on both watersheds was treated with about 1 kg/ha of an individual water soluble herbicide. Runoff volumes and sources estimated using the tracers were consistent with results from simulation studies. Also, the principle of corresponding runoff and pollutant discharge rates was used to develop two methods of runoff hydrograph estimation from each of the geomorphic subzones. Method 1 matched the mean total concentration and total runoff volume. Method 2 matched the instantaneous total concentration and the instantaneous runoff rate from the entire watershed. Results from the two methods suggested that, although they may be equivalent with respect to runoff volume, Method 2 may be more consistent with respect to peak discharge.
53

Legal Aspects of Urban Runoff Development

Chudnoff, D. A. 15 April 1978 (has links)
From the Proceedings of the 1978 Meetings of the Arizona Section - American Water Resources Assn. and the Hydrology Section - Arizona Academy of Science - April 14-15, 1978, Flagstaff, Arizona / The relationships between the separate disciplines of hydrology and law are analysed in this study into how water law and its strictures may impose upon the development of urban runoff in the metropolitan Tucson area. Brief descriptions of the doctrine of appropriation, diffuse surface waters and developed waters are presented to illustrate the complexities of the problem of urban runoff development. It is suggested that planners must not only be aware of the legal issues involved but also must understand the philosophy and principles of water law.
54

Avaliação do desempenho de pavimentos permeáveis / Experimental analysis of permeable pavements

CASTRO, Thiago Quintiliano de 22 September 2011 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2014-07-29T15:01:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao parte1 Thiago Quintiliano de Castro.pdf: 5430014 bytes, checksum: f3e872648dc1cc1c6c038172a0c1138e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-09-22 / This study aimed to evaluate the experimental performance of three types of permeable pavements constructed in three different structural conditions in order to control runoff in urbanized areas of the city of Goiania, Goias, adapting to the legal requirements and using local manufactured materials. It was evaluated nine experimental plots of 3.2 m² as the following types: PAV - concrete block "paver", PCP - porous concrete plate and GCC - concrete block "concregrama" and the following structural conditions: I - base of sand and natural subgrade, II - base of sand and compacted subgrade and III - base of sand, gravel subbase and compacted subgrade. Using an artificial rain simulator, 18 tests were performed with two pre-defined rain, a medium intensity (69 mm / h) and a high intensity (180 mm / h). The subgrade soil and building materials were characterized, measured the surface and subsurface runoff, and moisture of the layers of the pavement. The parameters of the models of Horton and Green-Ampt were obtained by adjusting the calculated data infiltration. Combinations PCP-II, PCP-III, II-CCG, CCG-III and PAV-III showed little or no runoff. The delay and persistence in critical times of the runoff hydrograph also secured good results to the PCP, which generally showed higher soaking times (7,2 to 30,4 minutes) compared to the other types of pavement. The structure that showed the best hydrological performance was the III, whose results ranged from 0 to 0,19 for the runoff coefficient. The results showed that porous pavements evaluated in this study contribute to the reduction of runoff, because of low runoff coefficients (0 to 0,36) obtained. Constructive guidelines on the type of permeable pavement that performed better were drawn and described. / O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o desempenho experimental de três tipos de pavimentos permeáveis construídos em três condições estruturais diferentes com vistas ao controle do escoamento superficial em áreas urbanizadas do município de Goiânia, Goiás, adequando-se às exigências legais e utilizando-se de materiais provenientes de fabricantes locais. Foram avaliadas nove parcelas experimentais de 3,2 m² conforme os seguintes tipos de revestimento: PAV - Bloco de concreto maciço tipo paver , PCP Placa de concreto poroso e CCG Bloco de concreto vazado tipo concregrama , e as seguintes condições estruturais: I - base de areia e subleito natural, II - base de areia e subleito compactado e III - base de areia, sub-base de brita tipo 1 e subleito compactado. Utilizando-se de um simulador de chuva artificial, foram realizados 18 ensaios com duas chuvas pré-definidas, uma de média intensidade (69 mm/h) e outra de alta intensidade (180 mm/h). Foram caracterizados o solo do subleito e os materiais de construção, medidos os escoamentos superficial e subsuperficial, bem como a umidade das camadas dos pavimentos. Os parâmetros dos modelos de Horton e de Green-Ampt foram obtidos por meio do ajuste dos dados calculados de taxa de infiltração. Os pavimentos PCP-II, PCP-III, CCG-II, CCG-III e PAV-III apresentaram pouco ou nenhum escoamento superficial. O retardo e o prolongamento nos tempos críticos do hidrograma de escoamento superficial também garantiram bons resultados ao revestimento PCP, que no geral apresentou os maiores tempos de embebição (7,2 a 30,4 minutos) em comparação aos demais tipos de revestimento. A estrutura que apresentou o melhor desempenho hidrológico foi o Trecho III, cujos resultados variaram de 0 a 0,19 para o coeficiente de escoamento. A análise dos resultados mostrou que os pavimentos permeáveis avaliados neste trabalho contribuem à redução do escoamento superficial, em razão dos baixos coeficientes de escoamento (0 a 0,36) obtidos, assim como ao armazenamento temporário de águas de chuva e ao incremento da infiltração de água no solo urbano. As diretrizes construtivas do tipo de pavimento permeável que obteve melhor desempenho foram traçadas e descritas.
55

Literature Review of the impacts of riparian vegetation on stream chemistry

Oluju, Philemon January 2017 (has links)
Water quality in streams around the world continues to be degraded by a series of human activities that feed pollutants into the vulnerable stream ecosystem via surface and subsurface runoff. This continues to accelerate global biodiversity and habitat losses within the stream environments and across entire watersheds with net adverse effects on public health and the ability of communities and ecosystems to adapt or become resilient to the prevalent impacts of climate change. One commonly used approach for protecting stream water from pollution is the use of vegetated riparian buffer zones to mitigate pollutants in surface and subsurface runoff prior to runoff entry into the stream channel. The optimal success of this approach requires land and water resource managers to understand the mechanisms by which riparian buffer zones function and the full range of factors that influence the effectiveness of riparian buffer vegetation in abating stream water pollution. Despite this need, resource managers in different geographical locations around the world still struggle to understand the linkages between riparian vegetation and stream chemical quality. This literature review therefore sought to synthesize findings from various scientific articles on the ways in which the major attributes of riparian vegetation [type, age, width, restoration and shading effect] influence the effectiveness of riparian vegetation in protecting the chemical quality of water in streams. This was aimed at generating conclusions and perspectives that could improve academic knowledge and natural resource managers’ understanding of the intricate linkage between riparian vegetation and changes in water chemistry. The study finds that the factors of riparian vegetation type, age, width, restoration and shading effects require due consideration in the development of riparian buffer zone and stream water chemical quality management interventions. I find that these factors require a high degree of integration, triangulation and context-specificity to achieve the objectives of riparian management intervention. I further find that stream water quality decision-making processes need to combine riparian vegetation-based approaches with other measures for mitigating and containing the spillage of pollutants at the source. / <p>Presentation was conducted via Skype</p>
56

Modelling surface runoff and soil erosion for Yen Bai Province, Vietnam, using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) / Mô Hình Hóa Nước Chảy Mặt và Xói Mòn Đất cho Tỉnh Yên Bái, Việt Nam Sử Dụng Mô Hình SWAT

Nguyen, Hong Quang, Le, Thi Thu Hang, Pham, Thi Thanh Nga, Kappas, Martin 24 August 2017 (has links) (PDF)
Applications of the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) are common. However, few attempts have focused on the tropics like in the Yen Bai province, Vietnam. Annual water-induced soil erosion (WSE) rates and surface runoff (SR) were estimated. The Nam Kim and Ngoi Hut watersheds were calibrated with accepted agreement between simulated and observed discharge. Correlations between precipitation, land covers, surface runoff and WSE were indicated. Although the estimated average WSE 4.1 t ha−1 year−1 (t ha−1 y−1) was moderate, some steep-bare areas were suffering serious soil loss of 26 t ha−1 y−1 and 15% of the province was calculated at the rate of 8.5 t ha−1 y−1. We found that the changes in WSE significantly correlated with land use changes. As calibrated SR matched closely with the measured data, we recommend SWAT applications for long-term soil erosion assessments in the tropics. / Những ứng dụng của mô hình công cụ đánh giá đất và nước (SWAT) đã được sử dụng phổ biến. Tuy nhiên có rất ít nghiên cứu tập trung vào khu vực nhiệt đới như tỉnh Yên Bái của Việt Nam. Trong nghiên cứu này, giá trị trung bình năm (2001-2012) nước chảy bề mặt (NCM) và xói mòn đất do nước (XM) đã được đánh giá trên cơ sở mô hình SWAT. Các thông số thủy văn của hai lưu vực sông là Nậm Kim và Ngòi Hút được tính toán và kiểm nghiệm với sự trùng hợp tương đối tốt giữa kết quả mô hình và số liệu thực đo. Mối liên hệ giữa lượng mưa, phủ bề mặt, NCM và XM cũng được phân tích và trình bầy chi tiết. Mặc dù giá trị XM năm được ước lượng ở mức trung bình cho toàn Tỉnh (4,1 tấn/ha/năm) nhưng ở một số khu vực nơi có độ dốc lớn và phủ mặt ít lại có lượng XM năm ở mức cao, 26 tấn/ha/năm và 15% tổng diện tích của Tỉnh có giá trị XM là 8,5 tấn/ha/năn. Kết quả nghiên cứu cho thấy sự liên hệ mật thiết giữa sự thay đổi phủ mặt tới giá trị XM. Trên cơ sở kết quả kiểm nghiệm mô hình khả quan, chúng tôi đề xuất sử dụng mô hình SWAT để đánh giá XM trong thời gian dài cho vùng nhiệt đới.
57

Studie společných zařízení / Study of the common systems

Mazáčová, Lenka January 2012 (has links)
The aim of my master’s thesis is proposal for the common systems in the western part of the cadastral area municipality. Suggestion anti-erosion measures, road networks, landscape elements and territorial system of ecological stability.
58

Srovnání účinků deště na starém a novém simulátoru dešťů / Comparison of the effects of rain on the old and new rainfall simulator

Banzetová, Diana January 2015 (has links)
This dissertation is focused to modeling of the rainfall in laboratory conditions by the rainfall simulator invented in VUT Brno. Results of the measuring are compared with measured values of the original rainfall simulator located in VVU VSH VUT in Brno by the Kninicky village in 1976-1980. Dissertation verifies rightness of substituting the natural rain with the rainfall simulator on bare soil in the original location, kinetic energy of the rain drops is substituted with the energy gained from the weight of the drops - the flow. Generally the dissertation determines the possibilities of the rainfall simulator's current location.
59

Protipovodňová ochrana Hustopeče nad Bečvou / Flood protection of Hustopeče nad Bečvou

Jauernig, Jan January 2016 (has links)
This thesis deals with flood protection of the Hustopeče nad Bečvou. The work is divided into three parts. The first part describes the data necessary for the design of flood protection measures. The second part describes the hydrotechnical calculations and the third part describes proposals for flood protection.
60

Skyfall i Sala : En skyfallskartering i HEC-RAS

Källbom, Jacob January 2023 (has links)
När klimatet i Sverige blir varmare ökar både förekomsten och omfattningen av intensiva skyfall. Dessa kan leda till stora konsekvenser lokalt för drabbade samhällen. Omfattande översvämningar, skadade fastigheter, erosionsskador och hindrad framkomlighet är några av de potentiella följderna. Ett första steg för att öka beredskapen för skyfall är att göra en skyfallskartering där ett nederbördstillfälle med skyfallskaraktär läggs in i en hydraulisk modell över ett område. Modellen visar sedan områden som riskerar att drabbas av översvämningar samt vilken väg som ytavrinningen tar under förloppet. I detta arbete har en sådan modell gjorts över Sala stad. Skyfallsmodellen skapades i programmet HEC-RAS och för att simulera infiltrationen användes metoden SCS curve number. SCS curve number metoden uppskattar infiltration baserat på markanvändning och jordart. Typregnet valdes till 100 års återkomsttid och modellerades som ett CDS-regn med varaktighet sex timmar och klimatfaktor 1,3. Ett avdrag på nederbördsmängden gjordes även för dagvattennätets kapacitet. Resultatet blev att flertalet områden i Sala kan drabbas av potentiellt stora vattendjup. De största problemområdena identifierades till bebyggelsen mellan Ringgatan och Östra Tulegatan söder om centrala Sala samt området kring Pråmån uppströms Jakob Mats kvarn. Då infiltrationsmetoden SCS curve number är baserad på empiriska data gjordes en känslighetsanalys på infiltrationsparametrarna. Det som undersöktes var påverkan på total andel infiltrerad nederbörd och översvämningarnas utbredning. Tre olika scenarion baserat på osäkerheten i curve number-talet användes samt ett scenario utan infiltration i modellen. Skillnaden i total översvämmad yta med ett djup större än 0,1 m mellan scenariot med högst infiltration och scenariot med lägst infiltration var i modellen totalt 9,1 procentenheter. I det scenario där ingen infiltration modellerades drabbades flertalet nya fastigheter och infrastruktur av översvämning vilket visar på infiltrationens betydelse för riskbedömningen vid en skyfallskartering. Totalt infiltrerade 30 % av nederbörden i modellen vid scenariot med lägst infiltration, 49 % av nederbörden vid scenariot med direkta litteraturvärden för curve number- talet och 66 % av nederbörden i scenariot med högst infiltration. Eftersom infiltrationen mellan scenarierna til hög grad berodde på hur jordarterna klassades i modellen är det dock svårt att dra en generell slutsats om vilket infiltrationsscenario som är bäst lämpat att använda vid skyfall. / As the climate becomes warmer in Sweden the frequency and extent of cloudbursts are expected to rise. When these rain events occurs in populated areas the consequences can be severe for the local community with extensive flooding leading to for example damaged properties, erosion and obstructions of traffic. One step to increase the awareness of these risks is to do a cloudbust mapping were a rain with cloudburst extent is modelled hydraulically. Areas that are at risk of flooding during the rain event and flow paths for the surface runoff can be assessed from the model. In this thesis such a model was created for the town of Sala. The cloudbust model was made using the software HEC-RAS and to simulate infiltration the method SCS curve number was implemented. The rain event was modeled as a Chicago design storm with a return period of 100 years, total duration of six hours and a climate factor of 1,3. The results were that several areas in Sala were at risk of flooding. Two main areas with risk of major flooding extents were located to just south of central Sala between Ringgatan and Östra Tulegatan and adjacent to Pråmån upstream of Jakob Mats kvarn. Because of uncertainties in the SCS curve number model and due to the fact that it is based on empirical data a sensitivity analysis was also done on the infiltration parameters. For the sensitivity analysis four different scenarios were used. One scenario had no modeled infiltration and the three other scenarios were based of error estimations of the curve number parameter called antecedent runoff conditions. The difference in flooding extent with a depth greater than 0,1 m in the model between the scenario with high infiltration and the scenario with low infiltration was 9,1 percentage points. Several new properties and infrastructure were affected in the scenario when no infiltration was used. In total 30% of the precipitation infiltrated in the model in the scenario with low infiltration, 49% infiltrated in the scenario with literature values for the curve number value, and 66% of the precipitation infiltrated in the scenario with high infiltration. Since the infiltration is highly dependent on the classification of the soils in the model no overall conclusion could be drawn on which infiltration scenario that is best suited for a cloudburst model in general when the SCS curve number method is used to model infiltration.

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