Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This study in vitro proposed to evaluate the influence of silica-based film coated on the Y-TZP surface on the durability bond strength (BS) between ceramic and resin cement. Eighty Y-TZP blocks (5x5x4 mm) were obtained, included in acrylic resin and were divided into four groups according to the surface treatments treatments (n=20): (TBS) tribochemical silica coating (Cojet, 3M/ESPE), (F-5) 5 nm SiO2 nanofilm and silanization, (F-500) 500 nm SiO2 nanofilm and silanization, and (F-500HF) 500 nm SiO2 nanofilm + HF + silanization. Specimen of composite resin were made with a metal matrix and cemented with resin cement (Relyx ARC) to Y-TZP blocks. Half of the specimens (n=10) of each treatment was tested 24 hours after adhesion (dry), and another half (n=10) will be subjected to the aging (storage for 90 days and 103 thermal cycles). The specimens were submitted to shear test (1min/min). After debonding, the surfaces will be analyzed by optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to categorize the failure modes and the micro morphology of treated surfaces. Additional analyzes were made in X-ray dispersive energy analysis (EDS). Data were statistically analyzed for Kruskal-Wallis/Mann Whitney (α=0,05) tests. The surface treatment showed significant differences in conditions D (p=0.0001) and A (p=0.0000). In both test conditions , TBS and F-5 promoted the highest bond strength, significantly. Means (SD) for BS data (MPa) were: TBS/D: 10.2 (5.1)AB; F-5/D: 12.0 (3.9)A; F-500/D: 14.9 (4.7)A; F-500HF/D: 4.1 (5.6)B; TBS/A: 9.1 (4.4)a; F-5/A: 7.8 (5.3)a; F-500/A: 0.01 (0.0)b; F-500HF/A: 1.4 (2.3)b. The adhesion to zirconia can be improved if the surface receives a 5 nm layer of SiO2 nanofilm or is subjected to sandblasting with silica particles, followed by silanization. / O presente trabalho avaliou, in vitro, a influência da deposição de filmes à base de sílica sobre a superfície da Y-TZP na durabilidade da resistência de união entre essa cerâmica e um cimento resinoso. Foram confeccionados oitenta blocos (5x5x4 mm) de Y-TZP, estes foram incluídos em resina acrílica e divididos em 4 grupos de acordo com o tratamento de superfície (n=20): (TBS) tratamento triboquímico (Cojet, 3M/ESPE); (F-5) filme de SiO2 de 5 nm e silanização; (F-500) filme de SiO2 de 500 nm e silanização; (F-500HF) filme de SiO2 de 500 nm + HF + silanização. Sobre os blocos de Y-TZP foram cimentados (RelyX ARC) cilindros feitos com resina composta confeccionados com uma matriz metálica. Metade dos espécimes (n=10) de cada grupo foi testada após 24h de cimentação (S- sem envelhecimento) e a outra metade (n=10) foi submetida ao envelhecimento (TC, armazenagem por 90 dias e 103 ciclos térmicos). Então, os espécimes foram submetidos ao teste de cisalhamento (1min/min). Após o teste, as superfícies foram analisadas por Microscópio Óptico e MEV para categorizar o modo de falha. Também foram feitas análises adicionais em EDS. Os dados foram analisados estatisticamente pelo teste de Kruskal-Wallis/Mann Whitney (α=0,05). A resistência adesiva foi influencida pelo tipo de tratamento de superfície, nas condições S (p=0.0001) e TC (p=0.0000). Em ambas condições de armazenagem, os tratamentos TBS e F-5 promoveram mais alta resistência adesiva, significativamente. Médias (DP) de RU (MPa) foram: TBS/S: 10,2(5,1)AB; F-5/S: 12,0(3,9)A; F-500/S: 14,9(4,7)A; F-500HF/S: 4,1(5,6)B; TBS/TC: 9,1(4,4)a; F-5/TC: 7,8(5,3)a; F-500/TC: 0,01(0,0)b; F-500HF/TC: 1,4(2,3)b. Concluiu-se que a adesão a zircônia pode ser potencializada se a superfície receber a deposição do filme de SiO2 de 5 nm ou for submetida a jateamento com partículas de sílica, seguida de silanização.

The theoretical part of the thesis deals with the multi-layer polymer flooring systems green products, where main focus is placed on recycled material fillers. The practical part is devoted to reference materials practical testing and also to testing of materials filled by secondary materials silicates with the conclusive tests support. The economic part should point out the advantages of the secondary raw materials use in terms of the final product lower price.

Orientador: Maria Clara Filippini Ierardi / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecânica / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-26T21:12:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Longhitano_GuilhermeArthur_2015_M.pdf: 10352364 bytes, checksum: 6157c8c85d67a80202c0078ff2bd5901 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016 / Resumo: No presente trabalho, a liga de titânio Ti-6Al-4V, empregada em implantes ortopédicos permanentes ou temporários devido à sua biocompatibilidade, foi produzida a partir da manufatura aditiva utilizando o processo de Sinterização Direta de Metais por Laser (DMLS). O material foi submetido a diferentes tratamentos térmicos com o intuito de modificar suas propriedades mecânicas, e a acabamentos de jateamento, ataque químico e polimento eletroquímico para analisar os efeitos dos mesmos no acabamento de superfície. As modificações resultantes após os tratamentos térmicos e acabamentos de superfície foram analisadas por microscopia óptica, microscopia eletrônica de varredura, difração de raios-X, medidas de rugosidade e massa, microdureza Vickers, e ensaios de tração e compressão. No estudo de acabamentos de superfície, o menor valor de rugosidade foi obtido após as etapas de jateamento e ataque químico combinadas. O acabamento de jateamento é responsável por deixar uma superfície com rugosidade uniforme, enquanto o ataque químico é responsável pela limpeza da superfície e redução da rugosidade. As amostras foram submetidas aos tratamentos térmicos nas temperaturas de 850 ºC, 950 ºC e 1050 ºC durante uma hora com resfriamento em forno. Foi constatado que quanto maior a temperatura empregada, maior é a ductilidade do material e, por outro lado, menor é a resistência mecânica. Tal fato ocorreu devido à maior nucleação e crescimento da fases 'alfa' e 'beta' no material, que apresentava inicialmente uma estrutura constituída por martensita hexagonal ('alfa'). A condição de tratamento térmico a 950 ºC foi a que apresentou a melhor relação de propriedades mecânicas, satisfazendo os requerimentos da norma ASTM F136 para a utilização da liga Ti-6Al-4V em implantes / Abstract: In this study, the Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy, used in permanent or temporary orthopedic implants due to its biocompatibility, was produced by additive manufacturing using the Direct Metal Laser Sintering (DMLS) process. The material was subjected to different heat treatments in order to modify their mechanical properties, and to the surface finishes of blasting, chemical etching and electropolishing to analyze their effects on surface finish. The resulting changes after the heat treatments and surface finishes were analyzed by optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, roughness and mass measurements, Vickers microhardness, and tensile and compression tests. In surface finishes study, the lowest roughness value was obtained after the combined steps of blasting and chemical etching. The blasting finish is responsible for leaving a surface with uniform roughness, while the chemical etching is responsible for cleaning the surface and reducing roughness. The samples were subjected to heat treatments at temperatures of 850 °C, 950 °C and 1050 °C for one hour followed by furnace cooling. It has been found that the higher the temperature employed, the higher the ductility of the material and, on the other hand, the lower the mechanical strength. This happened due to increased nucleation and growth of 'alfa' and 'beta' phases in the material, which initially had a structure made of hexagonal martensite ('alfa'). The condition of heat treatment at 950 ° C showed the best relation of mechanical properties, meeting the requirements of ASTM F136 for the use of Ti-6Al-4V alloy in implants / Mestrado / Materiais e Processos de Fabricação / Mestre em Engenharia Mecânica

Manufacturing of aircraft parts is often complex and time-consuming, which has led to an increased interest in new manufacturing technologies in the Swedish industry such as additive manufacturing (AM). Additive manufacturing techniques could be a solution to meet the aircrafts’ demand since it contributes to an efficient manufacturing and allows a just-in-time production of complex metal parts in their final shape. However, the use of AM aluminum for aircraft applications is in a development phase and no surface treatment process exists. Thereby, it is of high interest to further investigate surface treatments for AM alloys. Currently at Saab AB, conventional aluminum alloys are generally anodized in tartaric sulphuric acid (TSA) to improve the corrosion resistance and adhesion properties of the metal. On the behalf of Saab AB, there is also an interest in establishing powder coating as a surface treatment. This master thesis’ purpose is to investigate the anodizing and adhesion properties for the two additive manufacturing alloys - AlSi10Mg and ScalmalloyⓇ, and compare it with the conventionally produced Al alloy 2024-T3. The anodization and the powder coating is examined by using following characterization techniques: profilometry, light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and contact angle measurements. The results from the experimental part indicated successful anodizations for all the alloys and good adhesion properties for powder coating. This research is a first step in contributing to a better understanding of the anodic coating and adhesion properties for the AM samples ScalmalloyⓇ and AlSi10Mg

Práce je zaměřena na výzkum a vývoj technologie přípravy tvrdých anodických vrstev na třech různých typech neželezných materiálů a to (i) hliníkové slitině (AA1050), (ii) čistém hořčíku (99.9% Mg) a (iii) zinkové slitině (ZnTi2). Vhodnou kombinací anodizačních podmínek (napětí, proudová hustota, teplota a složení elektrolytu atd.) lze vytvářet anodické vrstvy s rozdílnými vlastnostmi. V rámci předložené práce byl prokázán vliv předúpravy a anodizačních podmínek na vzhled, morfologii, tloušťku a tvrdost vytvořených anodických vrstev. Pro zvýšení tribologických vlastností a tvrdosti byly anodické vrstvy přímo dopovány Al2O3 částicemi nebo kombinací Al2O3 a PTFE částic během anodizačního procesu. Teoretická část práce popisuje základní principy anodizace, metody používané v průmyslové praxi a v práci je také popsán technologický proces. Experimentální část je rozdělena na tři základní části. První část se věnuje anodické oxidaci hliníkové slitiny AA1050. Druhá část je zaměřena na anodizaci čistého hořčíku a poslední část je zaměřena na anodizaci zinkové slitiny ZnTi2, která není tak známá jako anodizace hliníku.

The diploma thesis was dealt with the study of system PP and particular filler, specifically PPH and like a filler was used commercially available CaCO3 (SOCAL P3). This type of filler is declared by the producer as a filler without surface treatment. The submitted thesis had a goal to find and testing the suitable method and methodology for defined surface treatment of the filler. This is the first step for systematic study of influence the various types of adhesive layer on mechanical properties of declared composite. The plasma discharge behind static pressure was used for the surface treatment of the fillers. These fillers were afterwards analyzed by using of sedimentation analysis, infra - red spectroscopy (FT-IR) and scan electron microscopy (SEM). The composites with various volume part of the fillers were prepared in PIB and studied by short-time tests. Regarding to experimental demand there wasn't possible to realize the whole originally intended program i. e. study of influence the different types of adhesive layer, including to form the model for FEM approach. Nevertheless finding and testing the suitable method of surface treatment is completely basic for the others study. The above mentioned method was used in this application for the first time and it is possible to consider this process like an original approach.

This Master´s thesis is devoted to the basic theory from semester project. There are describe completed practical tests, measurements and results. This project was written below patronage of company Siemens s.r.o. odštěpný závod Elektromotory Mohelnice, which is at the same time also my employer. There is production of asynchronous electromotors frame size 56 to 200. On the all of electromotors is desired quality surface treatment with difference on the base of request of customers.

The aim of the thesis is Kateřinice water treatment plant technical condition assessment and ascertained malfunctions elimination project. The documentation is enclosed. Essential part of the thesis is concerned with calculations and variant solutions of the object reconstruction and water treatment technology. Technical drawings of the water treatment plant are included. All the data was processed in accordance with valid laws and standards. The water treatment plant will be restored to its functional state on the grounds of the designed solution.Therefore permanent high quality of drinking water will be guaranteed for the inhabitants of Kateřinice.

Fuktinnehållet i fasadpaneler av trä varierar över tid beroende på faktorer som till exempel frekvensen av slagregn. Fasadpaneler kan ta skada av inträngande fukt och bör därför skyddas på bästa sätt för att inte förlora den primära funktionen att stoppa snö och regn att ta sig innanför byggnadens omslutande klimatskal. Forskningsstudier visar att ett grundläggande fuktskydd kan skapas genom att ytbehandla fasadpanelen och välja rätt träslag. Ett annat känt fuktskyddsråd inom byggbranschen är att snedsåga ändträet på fasadpanelen (även kallad droppnäsa), men inga studier kunde identifieras som styrker att det verkligen gör någon skillnad för fuktinnehållet i materialet. För att undersöka det här närmare togs en bevattningsmodell fram med syftet att ta reda på droppnäsans betydelse för fasadpanelens fuktskydd. Hypotes 1 var att fasadpaneler med droppnäsa generellt absorberar mindre fukt jämfört med fasadpaneler där ändträet inte är snedsågat, oavsett utförande. Det baserades på antagandet att en snävare vinkel på ändträet resulterar i att vattnet från vattenfilmen rinner av fasadpanelen istället för att fastna på ytan av ändträet och sugas upp kapillärt. Hypotes 2 var att ytbehandlade fasadpaneler med droppnäsa tar upp mindre fukt jämfört med ytbehandlade fasadpaneler utan droppnäsa, baserat på att försöka efterlikna rådet gällande snedsågning och ytbehandling, där ytbehandlingen används i syftet att reducera kapilläruppsugningen. Experimentet genomfördes med tre testställningar där alla hade utrustats med likadant stående fasadpanel som var grupperade efter ändträvinkel och ytbehandling. Resultaten från de tre testställningarna kunde sedan jämföras och kontrolleras mot varandra för att undersöka reliabiliteten i studien. För att efterlikna den vattenfilm som kan uppstå vid slagregn och öka den ekologiska validiteten bevattnades fasadpanelerna via en hängränna av trä. Resultatet visade att fuktkvoten för fasadpaneler med droppnäsa fluktuerade över och under fuktkvoten för fasadpanel där ändträet inte var snedsågat, oavsett om utförandet beaktades eller inte. Det snedsågade ändträet visade sig därmed inte vara bättre jämfört med det icke snedsågade ändträet, vilket innebar att ingen av hypoteserna kunde få något stöd. En något lägre fuktkvot kunde däremot observeras på grundbehandlade fasadpaneler, oavsett vinkel på ändträet. Slutsatsen utifrån använd bevattningsmodell var att droppnäsan inte hade någon betydelse för fuktskyddet av fasadpaneler av trä. Istället fanns det indikationer på att det är ytbehandlingen som gör skillnad på fuktinnehållet, vilket stöds av befintlig forskning. / The moisture content of wooden façades changes over time due to external factors, for example the frequency of driving rain. Wooden façades can take damage from penetrating moisture and therefore should be protected so they do not lose their primary function of stopping snow and rain from getting inside the climate shell of the building. Science studies have shown that a fundamental protection from moisture can be created through surface treatment of the façade and choosing the right type of wood. Another known moisture protecting advice within the field of construction is to mitre the corners on the lower part of the façades (also known as dripping channel) but no studies could be found that confirmed that it actually effect the moisture content of the material. To investigate this a little further an irrigation model was created which the purpose to find out the significance of the dripping channel for the moisture protection of the façades. Hypothesis 1 was that façades with dripping channels generally absorb less moisture then façades with an end grain without a mitred corner, regardless of treatment. This was based on the assumption that a more narrow angle on the end grain causes the water from the water film to drip of the façades instead of getting trapped on the surface, and be absorbed by capillary forces. Hypothesis 2 was that treated façades with dripping channels absorb less moisture then treated façades without dripping channels, based on the attempt to mimic the advice regarding mitre and surface treatment, where the surface treatment is used for the purpose of reducing capillary uptake. The experiment consisted of three testing riggs with vertical wooden façades which were sorted by the angle of the end grain and surface treatment. The results from the three testing riggs could then be compared to each other to evaluate the reliability of the study. To mimic the water film that can appear during driving rain, the façades were irrigated through a wooden gutter. The results showed that the moisture ratio for façades with dripping channels was fluctuating under and above the moisture ratio for façades where the corner of the end grain was not mitred, regardless of treatment. The same results could be seen even when the treatment was considered. Façades with mitred end grains could therefore not be seen as better then façades without mitred end grains, so none of the hypotheses could get any support. However, a slightly smaller moisture ratio could be observed on surface treated façades, regardless the angle of the end grain. The conclusion based on the used irrigation model was that the dripping channel is of no significance for the moisture protection of the wooden façades. Instead there were indications that it is the surface treatment which makes a difference on the moisture content, something that is supported by existing research.

Plasma electrolytic Polishing (PeP) is a non-conventional technology for the surface treatment of electrically conductive materials. It is an effective machining technique for cleaning and polishing of metals and considered as a more environmentally friendly alternative to the electropolishing process. The electropolishing process uses aggressive media such as acids, whereas in PeP, acids or toxicants are replaced by low concentrated water solutions of various salts. In PeP, high DC voltage is applied to the electrodes in the aqueous electrolyte solution, which establishes a thin steam-gas layer around the surface of the work piece resulting in the generation of plasma. From the previous research, it is found that the formation of stable plasma generally takes place between 180-370 volts, where it results in better surface conditions. The aim of this study is to analyse the behaviour of current according to different voltages and their effects on surface roughness and material removal rate (MRR) of stainless steel in Plasma electrolytic Polishing process.