Diplomová práce je věnována tématu společenství vlastníků jednotek ? přibližuje principy jeho hospodaření a základní problémy, se kterými se může společenství v průběhu své existence setkat. Postavena je na teoretickém úvodu, který obsahuje legislativní úpravu. Poté přechází k problematice hospodaření. Samostatná část je věnována specifikům účetnictví a navazujícím příkladem z praxe.

The purpose of this study is to analyze commonly read children’s literature from a gender perspective. The study also contains a discussion about what these books can convey to students and how they can be used in a didactic perspective. The selection of books has been made based on a research that showed which ten books teachers mostly use for reading aloud across the country. The books have been placed in relation to the current stereotypes found in our society. The study shows that there are a large variety of gender structures in the books, with some characters who follows the norm and some who breaks it. Despite that, generalizations have been made and each book has been divided into category breaks the norm or follows the norm. The result has shown that most of the books breaks the norm, but most books also requires a discussion about gender afterwards in order not to be misinterpreted and spread wrong values. The study therefore reveals that children’s literature can be used in the teaching to highlight and discuss value-based issues, through reading aloud and book discussions. / Syftet med undersökningen är att analysera vanligt förekommande skönlitterära högläsningsböcker ur ett genusperspektiv. I undersökningen förs en diskussion om vad dessa böcker kan förmedla till elever och hur de kan användas i ett didaktiskt perspektiv. Urvalet av böcker har gjorts av en förundersökning som visat vilka tio skönlitterära böcker lärare mest använder till högläsning runt om i landet. Böckerna har sedan ställts i relation till de rådande stereotyperna som finns i vårt samhälle. Undersökningen visar att det finns en stor variation i genusstrukturerna i respektive bok, med några karaktärer som följer normen och några som bryter den. Däremot har generaliseringar kunnat göras och respektive bok har blivit indelat i kategorin bryter normen eller följer normen. Resultatet har visat att majoriteten av böckerna bryter mot normen, men att de flesta böckerna kräver en efterföljande diskussion om genus för att inte misstolkas och sprida felaktiga värden. Av undersökningen har man därmed kunnat konstatera att det går att använda skönlitterära böcker i undervisningen för att belysa och diskutera värdegrundsfrågor, genom högläsning och boksamtal.

Through underexpression and overexpression studies, CD23 has been shown to negatively regulate IgE production. To investigate CD23 destabilization and its effects on CD23 shedding and IgE synthesis in vivo, we utilized an anti-CD23 stalk monoclonal (19G5) which has previously been shown to enhance proteolysis of CD23 in vitro. Compared to isotype control-treated mice, mice injected with 19G5 displayed enhanced serum soluble CD23 and IgE. Because 19G5 injection substantially enhanced CD23 shedding, it was useful in investigating the identity of the CD23 sheddase. 19G5 enhanced CD23 shedding in ADAM8-/-, ADAM9-/-ADAM15-/-, and ADAM9-/-ADAM12-/-ADAM15-/- mice, ruling out these ADAMs as candidate CD23 sheddases. Through the use of an ADAM10 inhibitor, we blocked CD23 shedding from murine B cells while increasing CD23 surface levels, and thus we identified ADAM10 as the CD23 sheddase. During the course of the ADAM investigation, we discovered that the 129/SvJ inbred mouse strain carried five amino acid substitutions within its CD23 gene. The mutations resulted in reduced CD23 surface expression and hyper IgE levels in vivo. The hyper IgE phenotype was consistent with a more rapid clearance of Nippostrongylus brasiliensis from the gut of 129/SvJ mice. B cells from 129/SvJ spleens proliferated more rapidly than those from BALB/c after stimulation with IL-4 and CD40 ligand trimer in vitro. However, in vitro IgE levels in supernatants from 129/SvJ B cells were significantly reduced, suggesting that the B cells were no longer responsive to IL-4 in vitro. Although the affinity of the IgE-129/SvJ CD23 interaction was similar to that of the BALB/c, 129/SvJ B cells exhibited a reduced number of IgE binding sites, demonstrating that high levels of CD23 are essential for controlling IgE synthesis. This finding was further confirmed in another disease model, namely the mouse asthma model. Mice overexpressing CD23 displayed suppressed allergic lung inflammation and reduced levels of IgE and Th2 cytokines and chemokines. Overall, the data provide a direct demonstration for CD23's role in regulating IgE production in vivo and suggest that therapies aimed at stabilizing cell surface CD23 would inhibit proteolysis and increase surface expression, and thus would be beneficial in controlling allergic disease.