Submitted by Cássia Santos (cassia.bcufg@gmail.com) on 2017-06-19T16:28:13Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Vanessa Caetano de Castro Passos - 2017.pdf: 1573202 bytes, checksum: 01fa69aa015067f943979dc2884e2324 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2017-07-10T12:51:24Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Vanessa Caetano de Castro Passos - 2017.pdf: 1573202 bytes, checksum: 01fa69aa015067f943979dc2884e2324 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-10T12:51:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Vanessa Caetano de Castro Passos - 2017.pdf: 1573202 bytes, checksum: 01fa69aa015067f943979dc2884e2324 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-04-28 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / Control of narrow leaf weeds is still a major challenge for cattle ranchers, mainly because there are still no herbicides available to control weeds such as grasses. A possible solution to this problem would be to renew the pasture and use some product that provides protection against the action of herbicides graminicidas at the time of sowing of the fodder, denominated of "safeners". The objective of this work was to evaluate the possibility of using the dietholate protector in the treatment of seeds in the species Brachiaria brizantha (Hochst.) Stapf., Brachiaria humidicola (Rendle.) Schweickerdt, Brachiaria ruziziensis (R. Germ & Evrard), Panicum maximum Jacq cv. Mombasa and Panicum maximum Jacq cv. Massai. Two experiments were carried out, the first one being carried out in the Seeds Laboratory of the Federal University of Goiás, Jataí Regional, evaluating the effect of the protector dietholate on the germination parameters of the evaluated species. And the second experiment was conducted in the municipality of Barra do Garças, at the experimental farm of the Federal University of Mato Grosso, where the use of dietholate as protector of the herbicide Clomazone was evaluated. The dietholate provided protective effect in doses up to 1200 mL of dietholate 100 kg-1 of seeds for the species Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandú, Brachiaria humidicola and Brachiaria ruziziensis. However, doses above 800 mL of dietholate 100 kg seed-1 affected the seed germination parameters of the Panicum maximum cv. Mombasa and Panicum maximum cv Massai. Although seed protection was observed, the doses of dietholate used were insufficient to prevent the deleterious effects of the herbicide clomazone. / O controle de plantas daninhas de folhas estreitas ainda hoje é um grande desafio para os pecuaristas, principalmente porque ainda não existem herbicidas para controlar plantas daninhas do tipo gramíneas em pastagem. Uma possível solução para esse problema seria renovar a pastagem e utilizar algum produto que proporcione proteção contra a ação de herbicidas graminicidas no momento da semeadura das forrageiras, denominados de “safeners”. Com isso, objetivou-se com esse trabalho avaliar a possibilidade de uso do protetor dietholate no tratamento de sementes nas espécies Brachiaria brizantha (Hochst.) Stapf., Brachiaria humidicola (Rendle.) Schweickerdt, Brachiaria ruziziensis (R. Germ & Evrard), Panicum maximum Jacq cv. Mombaça e Panicum maximum Jacq cv. Massai. Foram conduzidos dois experimentos, sendo o primeiro realizado no Laboratório de Sementes da Universidade Federal de Goiás, Regional Jataí, avaliando o efeito do protetor dietholate nos parâmetros de germinação de sementes das espécies avaliadas. E o segundo experimento foi conduzido no município de Barra do Garças, na fazenda experimental da Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso, em que se avaliou o uso do dietholate como protetor do herbicida Clomazone. O dietholate proporcionou efeito protetor em doses até 1200 mL de dietholate 100 kg-1 de sementes para as espécies Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandú, Brachiaria humidicola e Brachiaria ruziziensis. Porém, doses acima de 800 mL de dietholate 100 kg sementes-1 afetaram os parâmetros de germinação de sementes das espécies Panicum maximum cv. Mombaça e Panicum maximum cv Massai. Embora tenha sido observada proteção às sementes, as doses utilizadas de dietholate foram insuficientes para previnir os efeitos deletérios do herbicida clomazone.

Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum) is a native warm-season grass where weed control during establishment is a limiting factor for stand. Objectives of this research are to develop a herbicide resistant cultivar and to test a variety of seed safeners to improve first year growth. Phenotypic recurrent selection (PRS) was used to select ‘Alamo’ switchgrass seedlings that showed resistance to imazapic herbicide at 245 g a.i./ha. Initial screenings of 364, 650 seedlings resulted in 63 survivors, a selection intensity of 0.0172%. Subsequent testing of the next generation of seedlings indicated that multiple generations of selection were needed in order to transfer greater resistance to the offspring. Seed safener testing consisted of three trials. Field data taken included emergence counts, weed control ratings, and end of season harvest. Results showed fluxofenin (a.i. in Concep III) as being only safener providing protection against metolachlor (83.7% a.i.).

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:30:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2007-10-09Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T21:01:02Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 silva_jrv_dr_botfca.pdf: 224920 bytes, checksum: feedce0be6455ed4487da1cf912bf881 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Este trabalho teve o objetivo de avaliar a eficiência do safener fluxofenim no tratamento de sementes de sorgo (DKB510 e SCG340), trigo (Avante e Ônix) e arroz (Bonanza e Aimoré), para o aumento da seletividade a aplicação do herbicida Smetolachlor em pré-emergência e determinar a atividade da enzima de detoxificação glutationa S-transferase (GST). O trabalho foi dividido em duas etapas. A primeira etapa constou da avaliação em campo da eficiência do safener em reduzir sintomas visuais de fitointoxicação causados pelo herbicida. Esta etapa foi conduzida na Estação Experimental pertencente à Syngenta Seeds no município de Uberlândia, Minas Gerais. Na segunda etapa foi determinada a atividade da GST, no Laboratório de Xenobióticos, do Departamento de Química e Bioquímica do Instituto de Biociências, UNESP, Campus de Botucatu, Botucatu, São Paulo. Foram comparadas a suscetibilidade ao herbicida por meio da avaliação visual de injúrias aos 3, 7, 15 e 30 dias após a emergência (DAE), massa seca de raiz e parte aérea aos 10 DAE, além da determinação da atividade da GST. Os tratamentos utilizados foram: aplicação ou não do safener na dose de 40mL por 100 kg... / This work aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of fluxofenim used for seed treatment as safener for sorghum, wheat and rice treated with the herbicide S-metolachlor applied in preemergence. The study was divided in two steps. In the first step it was measured the fluxofenim safener potential to reduce visual symptoms of S-metolachlor injury in the field. This phase was conducted in Uberlandia city, Minas Gerais, at Syngenta Experimental Station, and treatments were followed by S-metolachlor at 1.440 and 2.880 mL i.a. ha-1, and fluxofenim at 0, and 40 mL per 100 kg of seeds, and a check without treatment. The second phase was set up at Chemistry and Biochemistry Departament in Botucatu, UNESP, São Paulo, to evaluated glutathione S-transferase activity (GST) in the crops that responded to field treatments with safener. It was used two varieties/hybrids per crop and it was measured herbicide phytotoxity as visual symptoms at 3, 7, 15 and 30 days after emergence, dry matter at 10 DAE, and gluthationa S-transferase activity. Fluxofenim increased S-metolachlor tolerance for both sorghum hybrids, but best results were observed at 1.440 mL i.a. ha-1. Wheat varieties showed low tolerance to S-metolachlor in both rates, and fluxofenim increased S-metolachlor selectivity to wheat but not sufficient, reducing plant population to a non acceptable level. Seed treatment with fluxofenim for both rice varieties had no effect, and both S-metolachlor rates increased killed all plants treated with or without fluxofenim. Gluthationa S-transferase activity for sorghum and wheat increased when seeds treated with fluxofenim were submitted to S-metolachlor at 1.440 mL a.i. ha-1.

Safeners are the chemicals used to protect plants from detrimental effects of herbicides, but their mode of action at the molecular level is not well understood. As an initial step towards understanding the molecular mechanism of safener action in trees, homologous genes in hybrid poplar (Populus nigra x Populus maximowiczii) that were induced by a safener were identified. We here describe the identification of differentially expressed genes in Populus that are induced by Concep-III, a herbicide safener. Expressed sequence tags (ESTs) enriched for transcriptionally induced genes were isolated by suppressive subtractive hybridization (SSH). The SSH library cDNA inserts were used to construct a cDNA microarray for high-throughput validation of the up-regulated expression of safener-induced genes. Single-pass and partial sequences of 1,344 safener-induced ESTs were assembled into 418 single-tons and 328 clusters, but the putative functions of almost 53% of the ESTs are not known. Genes encoding proteins involved in all three different phases of safener action, viz., oxidation, conjugation, and sequestration, were found in the SSH library. Almost 75% of genes that showed greater than 2-fold expression upon safener treatment were redundant in the SSH library. The expression pattern for selected genes was validated by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. A few safener-induced genes that were not previously reported to be induced by safeners, but which may have a role in herbicide metabolism, were identified. The newly identified genes could have potential for application in genetic engineering of plants for herbicide detoxification and tolerance.

Orientador: Dagoberto Martins / Banca: Robson Antonio Pitelli / Banca: Ana Catarina Cataneo / Banca: Pedro Luis da Costa Aguiar Alves / Banca: Mario Sérgio Tomazela / Resumo: Este trabalho teve o objetivo de avaliar a eficiência do safener fluxofenim no tratamento de sementes de sorgo (DKB510 e SCG340), trigo (Avante e Ônix) e arroz (Bonanza e Aimoré), para o aumento da seletividade a aplicação do herbicida Smetolachlor em pré-emergência e determinar a atividade da enzima de detoxificação glutationa S-transferase (GST). O trabalho foi dividido em duas etapas. A primeira etapa constou da avaliação em campo da eficiência do safener em reduzir sintomas visuais de fitointoxicação causados pelo herbicida. Esta etapa foi conduzida na Estação Experimental pertencente à Syngenta Seeds no município de Uberlândia, Minas Gerais. Na segunda etapa foi determinada a atividade da GST, no Laboratório de Xenobióticos, do Departamento de Química e Bioquímica do Instituto de Biociências, UNESP, Campus de Botucatu, Botucatu, São Paulo. Foram comparadas a suscetibilidade ao herbicida por meio da avaliação visual de injúrias aos 3, 7, 15 e 30 dias após a emergência (DAE), massa seca de raiz e parte aérea aos 10 DAE, além da determinação da atividade da GST. Os tratamentos utilizados foram: aplicação ou não do safener na dose de 40mL por 100 kg ...(Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: This work aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of fluxofenim used for seed treatment as safener for sorghum, wheat and rice treated with the herbicide S-metolachlor applied in preemergence. The study was divided in two steps. In the first step it was measured the fluxofenim safener potential to reduce visual symptoms of S-metolachlor injury in the field. This phase was conducted in Uberlandia city, Minas Gerais, at Syngenta Experimental Station, and treatments were followed by S-metolachlor at 1.440 and 2.880 mL i.a. ha-1, and fluxofenim at 0, and 40 mL per 100 kg of seeds, and a check without treatment. The second phase was set up at Chemistry and Biochemistry Departament in Botucatu, UNESP, São Paulo, to evaluated glutathione S-transferase activity (GST) in the crops that responded to field treatments with safener. It was used two varieties/hybrids per crop and it was measured herbicide phytotoxity as visual symptoms at 3, 7, 15 and 30 days after emergence, dry matter at 10 DAE, and gluthationa S-transferase activity. Fluxofenim increased S-metolachlor tolerance for both sorghum hybrids, but best results were observed at 1.440 mL i.a. ha-1. Wheat varieties showed low tolerance to S-metolachlor in both rates, and fluxofenim increased S-metolachlor selectivity to wheat but not sufficient, reducing plant population to a non acceptable level. Seed treatment with fluxofenim for both rice varieties had no effect, and both S-metolachlor rates increased killed all plants treated with or without fluxofenim. Gluthationa S-transferase activity for sorghum and wheat increased when seeds treated with fluxofenim were submitted to S-metolachlor at 1.440 mL a.i. ha-1. / Doutor