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¡§Employees¡¨ are the most important factor to concern the business. However, love to go ease and hate to work hard is human¡¦s nature. If less to take care the workpeople for a long time, wasting resources, neglecting handling official papers, making excuses¡Ksuch events should be happened. It¡¦s an important issue to build up the good organize and harmonious atmosphere, make the employees willing and enthusiastic at work. On workpeople and affairs management, there are two important things ¡§trusty¡¨ and ¡§effectiveness¡¨. For examples, when you have a target practice, all of the shootings are on the bull¡¦s eye. It means good at ¡§trusty¡¨ and ¡§effectiveness¡¨¡F If all of the shootings are on one spot out of the bull¡¦s eye, it means good at ¡§trusty¡¨ but not at ¡§effectiveness¡¨. All of the bosses would hope their employees are good at ¡§trusty¡¨ and ¡§effectiveness¡¨ on their work field. Due to the competitiveness of Taiwan¡¦s industries, it is hard to avoid moving to overseas. Because of the enticements of cost down and prosper market, Mainland China is most of the industries¡¦ common investment choices. There are different politics and economic policies between two sides of straits. And the wide gap of social culture and values exist in Taiwan and Mainland China. As a result of politics and economic policies open and develop, especially industrial circles focus on pursuing achievements, it brings workpeople new thoughts. It also makes some problems at adapting to thoughts and behaviors of the workpeople. Therefore, the complexity and importance of human resources management are manifested. The passive components industries are widespread in Taiwan. To comply with the assembling factories generations alternating and products renewing, the attached business opportunities should be brought up. But Taiwan is just good at low technique production resistance and capacitance. The international main industrials use as low price to occupy the market. The materials and innovation skills are controlled by Japan, Europe and China. They become to the production center in the world year after year. The passive components industries in Taiwan must bring up the effective human resources management tactics to build up superiorly competitiveness to break through the difficult position. Otherwise the passive components industries in Taiwan will face the threat to be knocked out. This research is based on the passive components And try to find out the different and similar views on human resources management between two sides of strait. To contrast and analyze the advantage and disadvantage draft the different policies to suit different environment, to improve the satisfaction of employees. Furthermore, the passive component industrial in Taiwan should be raise on business effects and competitiveness.

This study seeks to explore the predictors of female project managers’ salary in the construction industry, and to analyze their impacts on determining the salary. Experience, age, marital status, motherhood, having children at home, and the number of children at home were selected as the independent variables. Snowball sampling method was used to identify the potential participants, and surveys were sent to participants to collect data. 206 responses were collected and comprehensive descriptive and statistical analyses were performed on the responses. The study finds that experience and age have a positive relationship with female project managers’ salaries. Being married and having children at home have significant negative impacts on female project managers’ salaries. A regression model is also built to determine the prediction power of variables. Fifty-one percent of the variability in salary can be accounted for by the variables included in this model.

Can pay-for-performance increase the motivation of public employees? By providing a basis for personnel decisions, particularly linking rewards to performance, performance appraisals aim to increase employees' work motivation and ultimately to improve their work performance and organizational productivity. With the emphasis on results-oriented management, performance appraisals have become a key managerial tool in the public sector. Critics charge, however, that pay-for-performance is ineffective in the public sector, largely because the link between performance and rewards is weak. However, no one has empirically measured the strength of the linkage. If performance ratings do have an impact on career success in the federal service, they might contribute to race and gender inequality. Although many studies have examined factors affecting gender and racial differences in career success, studies that try to connect gender and racial inequalities to managerial tools are scarce. Using a one percent sample of federal personnel records, the first essay examines the impact of performance ratings on salary increases and promotion probabilities, and the second essay explores whether women and minorities receive lower ratings than comparable white males, and women and minorities receive lower returns on the same level of performance ratings than comparable white males. The first essay finds that performance ratings have only limited impact on salary increases, but that they significantly affect promotion probability. Thus, the argument that performance-rewards link is weak could be partially correct, if it considers only pay-performance relationships. The second essay finds that women receive equal or higher performance ratings than comparable white men, but some minority male groups, particularly black men, tend to receive lower ratings than comparable white men. On the other hand, the returns on outstanding ratings do not differ between women and minority male groups and white men, though women groups seem to have disadvantages in promotion with the same higher ratings as comparable men in highly male-dominant occupations.

Bakgrund och problem: Det finns mycket litteratur skrivet kring styrning i privat verksamhet, dock glöms den offentliga sektorn ofta bort, trots att styrning krävs även i dessa verksamheter. I denna studie kommer att fokuseras kring styrning i den offentliga sektorn och närmare bestämt i den akademiska världen. Anställda inom akademin värderar ofta friheten att själva kunna organisera sitt arbete högt, vilken kan hämmas av de finansiella begränsningar som dessa organisationer innehar. Här har strategin en viktig uppgift i att visa för de anställda i vilken riktning de ska sträva och få dem att fokusera på rätt saker. Vi ser att de finansiella begränsningarna kan hämma de anställdas frihet och på så vis påverka motivationen negativt. Frågan är då hur de chefer som arbetar närmast de anställda ska kunna styra dem att fortsätta arbeta med bibehållen motivation och samtidigt hålla sig inom de finansiella ramarna. Syfte: Syftet med studien är att undersöka hur första linjens chefer vid Linköpings Universitet styr de anställda att agera i enlighet med den strategi som finns och hur styrningen uppfattas av de anställda. Metod: För att besvara uppsatsens syfte har en fallstudie vid Linköpings Universitet genomförts. Fallstudien har genomförts kvalitativt genom 15 intervjuer på tre utvalda institutioner på den filosofiska fakulteten. Intervjuer har valts för att få en djupare förståelse för ämnet. Slutsats: Vi kan konstatera att chefer och anställda har en relativt lika syn i de flesta frågeställningar vi berört. Vi kan även konstatera att första linjens chefer vid Linköpings Universitet inte behöver styra sina underordnade i någon hög utsträckning då de anställda innehar ett brinnande intresse för sitt ämne och är självstyrande. Inom akademin innehar anställda en stark individualism och självständighet, vilket vi ser tyder på att de anställda inte behöver några tydliga mål för vad de ska uppnå. / Background and problem: There is much literature written on management control in private businesses but the public sector is often forgotten, despite the fact that management is also required in these businesses. This study will focus on management control in the public sector and more specifically in the academia. Employees of the academia often value the freedom to have the possibility to organize their work, which can be inhibited by financial constraints that these organizations hold. Here the strategy has an important role in demonstrating to the employees in which direction to pursue and get them to focus their efforts on the right things. We see that the financial limitations may inhibit employees' freedom and thereby affect their motivation negatively. The question then is how the managers who work most closely with the staff are able to steer them to continue working with the same motivation, while staying within the financial framework. Aim: The purpose of this study is to investigate how the first-line managers at Linköping University control the employees to act in accordance with the strategy and how this control is perceived by employees. Methodology: To answer the purpose for this thesis we have chosen to do a case study of Linköping University. The case study has been carried out qualitatively by 15 interviews in three selected departments at the Faculty of Arts & Sciences. Interviews were chosen to obtain a deeper understanding of the topic. Conclusion: We can say that managers and employees have a relatively similar view of most issues in the thesis. We can also observe that first-line managers at Linköping University don´t need to direct their subordinates to any great extent because the employees have a passion for their subject and are self-monitored. Within the university, staff have a strong individualism and independence, which we see imply that employees don’t need any clear objectives for what they should achieve.

Background: A debated subject in today’s society is CEO compensation. Companies which give the CEO compensation mean that it motivates them to maximize the company’s return. The compensations are based on various types of variables, such as financial measures and financial ratio. Despite the various reasons given by the company as to why high compensations are paid out and what it is based on, the Media, shareholders and other privies have questioned this phenomenon. This is because most of the companies that use this type of compensation system show a financial downturn and negative financial ratio. Purpose: The purpose with this thesis is by evaluating annual report’s examining the relation between bonus compensations and company size. Also, to revise if there is a relation between profitability and dividends of the CEO compensation for the companies that has the aim for compensation. Method: This thesis is based on a quantitative study where the empiric consists of secondary data collected from annual reports for companies listed on the stock exchange. Empirical: The empirical data is presented in tables and graphs. The result shows that some companies give compensation despite negative financial ratio. Conclusion: The study shows that companies that are most prone to the compensation payout to the CEO are mostly larger companies, their numbers regarding compensation exceeds substantially the dividends shown in the medium-sized businesses. The study also shows that the relationship between compensation and profitability varies between the companies which are analyzed in the study. It has been difficult to draw a clear parallel between profitability and dividends, since the majority of the companies have negative financial ratio but have a dividend that can be compared to companies that have profitable numbers.

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Due to the access to international financial market is open and globalization is inevitable, the fluctuation of financial market and the competition among banks are getting fierce. Emotion is an essential part of a bank employee¡¦ job and it is closely related to working pressure. Therefore, this paper is to investigate whether working pressure will affect job satisfaction and then affect the tendency of resignation. Based on the research motives, the purposes of this research are as follows: 1. To understand the current situation of financial employees¡¦ job satisfaction factors and resignation tendency. 2. To investigate how job satisfaction factors are related to resignation tendency. 3. This paper provides companies reference of human resource development such as how to reduce resignation intention in order to cut unnecessary recruit cost. Conclusion¡GBased on the result of simple regression analysis,¡uworking pressure¡v,¡udegree of satisfaction to salary and benefits¡v,¡ucommitment to organization¡v and ¡uassignment fairness¡vindeed influence working satisfaction. In other words, the lower working pressure an employee has, the higher degree of working satisfaction one has; the higher degree of satisfaction to salary and benefits, commitment to organization and assignment fairness one has, the higher degree of working satisfaction one has. Suggestions: 1.Raise employees¡¦ commitment to organization in order to recruit elites and reduce the labor turnover rate. 2.The reward system has to be quantified. KEY WORLD¡Gworking pressure¡Bdegree of satisfaction to salary and benefits¡B commitment to organization¡Bassignment fairness¡Bresignation intention¡Bworking satisfaction

This thesis compares two datasets, the Science and Engineering Indicators 2006 (SEI) and the 1993 National Survey of College Graduates (NSCG), and looks at the impact of sex on full-time annual salary while controlling for different variables. The SEI provides a study based on data from 1999 about the sex effects on salary, adds controls, and records the changes in the effect of sex on salary. The SEI study finds after adding controls for worker heterogeneity and compensating wage differentials, women with bachelor's degrees earn 11.0% less, women with master's degrees earn 8.0% less, and women with doctoral degrees earn 8.4% less than their male counterparts. My analysis of the NSCG finds after adding controls, women with bachelor's degrees earn 18.5% less, women with master?s degrees earn 18.7% less, and women with doctoral degrees earn 15.3% less than their male counterparts. Additionally, in the NSCG and the SEI the field of degree impacted the sex effects the most for bachelor's and master's degree holders. This research is useful to study the difference between these datasets from different time periods. Specifically, the difference in the sex wage gap and in the changing importance of certain variables affecting the sex wage gap.

Whether or not the employees have demonstrated all their abilities, or whether the separation is rising. These are all questions that the manager will have to confront.A high separation is a lost of company. Document research showed that employees who have higher performance evaluation have a lower turnover intension to resign. This research discussed the variables that affected organizational commitment. It surveyed Chinese and Taiwanese employees in Taiwanese-owned companies in evaluation (three branches: result evaluation, award evaluation, and improvement valuation) as independent variables to regression analysis Taiwanese business¡¦s performance management and its effects on Chinese employees¡¦ turnover intension. Most of the specialists of organization behavior put personal values and personal character as one of the variables that affect turnover intension. Thus, this research set personal values and personal character as the adjusting factors. The results were that some personal values and personal character interacted with each other and lower the employees¡¦ turnover intension.The interaction between promotional, salary justice, and adjusting factors were most explicit, and had the lower effect on employees¡¦ turnover intension.