京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(人間健康科学) / 甲第18908号 / 人健博第22号 / 新制||人健||2(附属図書館) / 31859 / 京都大学大学院医学研究科人間健康科学系専攻 / (主査)教授 菅沼 信彦, 教授 鈴木 眞知子, 教授 中原 俊隆 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Human Health Sciences / Kyoto University / DFAM

Relapsing fever Borrelia are transmitted through saliva of argasid ticks. Given the 10 to 60 minute long bloodmeal, we characterized the rapidity of Borrelia turicatae transmission from their vector Ornithodoros turicata. Infection rates were compared in mice when cohorts of ticks fed to repletion on animals in which groups of O. turicata were removed 15 seconds after attachment. Infection was evaluated by examining the blood by dark field microscopy, quantitative PCR, and serological responses generated against B. turicatae. Scanning electron microscopy was also performed on cryofractured tick salivary glands to determine spirochete localization. Dissemination of B. turicatae into murine blood was evaluated by removing the bite site after ticks engorged. Our findings indicate that B. turicatae is localized in the lumen of salivary gland acini of O. turicata and transmission to and dissemination in the mammal occur shortly after tick attachment and do not require a complete bloodmeal.

This document only includes an excerpt of the corresponding thesis or dissertation. To request a digital scan of the full text, please contact the Ruth Lilly Medical Library's Interlibrary Loan Department (rlmlill@iu.edu).

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This study examined links of cumulative and present depressive symptoms with present cortisol diurnal profiles in oldest-old adults. Five waves of data from 50 older adults (M age = 89.05 years; 64% women) who participated in the Australian Longitudinal Study of Ageing were used to combine 15 years of longitudinal data with seven cortisol samples per day over a one-week period. Findings revealed that individuals with more past depressive symptoms showed a lower cortisol awakening response (CAR). Interestingly, present depressive symptoms were not associated with the CAR. These findings inform our understanding of distal health factors in very old age.

Post-exercise carbohydrate-protein consumption and tapering periods during training periodisation have been proposed as effective recovery strategies in several sports; however, limited attention has been given to judo. Apart from training and recovery, effective competition performance can also be influenced by several stimuli on the competition day, which may be manifested as distinct endocrine responses. The main objective of this thesis was to influence effective competition performance in judo, through examining strategies that can aid recovery from intense exercise/training and examining endocrine responses to competition. Three experimental studies on recovery were completed (chapters 3-5) followed by an observational study on a judo competition day (chapter 6) in elite, national level, male judo athletes. Studies 1 and 2 examined the effects 1000 ml of post-exercise chocolate milk (CM) consumption compared with water (W) following an intense judo training session (chapter 3) and five days of intense judo training with concomitant weight loss (chapter 4) on the recovery of salivary cortisol (sC), salivary testosterone (sT), salivary testosterone:cortisol (sT/C) ratio, salivary secretory IgA (SIgA) absolute concentrations and secretion rate, muscle soreness, mood state and judo-related performance. Study 1 (n=10) did not show any beneficial effects of acute CM consumption on aspects of recovery of any of the measured variables, except for a lower perception of soreness (p<0.05) and a tendency for better push-up performance (p=0.09). Study 2 (n=12) showed that post-exercise CM consumption resulted in significantly lower sC levels, a tendency for higher sT/C ratio (p=0.07), better judo-related performance, lower muscle soreness and reduced mood disturbance (p<0.05) with W. In addition, post-exercise consumption of CM resulted in a 1.1% decrease in body weight, indicating that CM is an effective recovery beverage during periods of intense judo training without affecting intentional weight loss. Study 3 (n=11) examined the effects of a 2-week exponential taper following 2 weeks of intense judo training on recovery of the aforementioned variables. Within 12 days of tapering there were evidence of enhanced performance, lower sC, higher sT and higher sT/C ratio, higher SIgA secretion rate, lower muscle soreness and reduced mood disturbance, indicating that a tapering period of ~10 days is an effective recovery strategy for optimising judo performance. Study 4 observed the responses of sC, sT, SIgA absolute concentrations and SIgA secretion rate and self-measured anxiety state in the winners (n=12) and losers (n=11) of a judo competition. Winners presented significantly higher morning sC levels and higher cognitive anxiety in anticipation of the competition, as well as a tendency for higher SIgA secretion rate (p=0.07) and significantly higher saliva flow rate mid-competition. These findings indicate that winners experienced higher arousal levels and that anticipatory sC might have some predictive value for winning performance in judo. This thesis concludes that nutrition and tapering are both important aspects of effective recovery; CM can be an effective nutritional recovery aid during periods of intense judo training and tapering for 7-12 days can optimise judo performance and can be implemented prior to competitions. In addition, elevated sC levels in anticipation of a judo competition and higher levels of arousal could have some predictive value for winning performance in judo. Further research could focus on strategies to increase levels of arousal in anticipation of competition.

Orientador: Luiz Paulo Kowalski / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-04T05:01:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Perez_DanyelEliasdaCruz_D.pdf: 1930321 bytes, checksum: 307f3509cc4d84642154bbe8c9644f16 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005 / Resumo: Introdução: O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar as características clínicas, histopatológicas e imunohistoquímicas de 129 casos de carcinoma adenóide cístico (CAC) de cabeça e pescoço, a fim de identificar fatores prognósticos importantes associados a este tumor. Material e métodos: Entre os anos de 1955 e 1997, cento e vinte e nove casos de CAC foram tratados no Departamento de Cirurgia de Cabeça e Pescoço do Hospital do Câncer A. C. Camargo, São Paulo. Os dados clínicos dos pacientes foram obtidos dos prontuários médicos e resumidos em uma ficha clínica padronizada. As lâminas histológicas foram revisadas para confirmação do diagnóstico e os tumores classificados em tipos histológicos cribriforme, tubular ou sólido. Reações imunohistoquímicas contra proteína p53, antígeno nuclear de proliferação celular (PCNA), Ki-67, antígeno carcinoembrionário (CEA), c-erbB-2 e bcl-2 foram realizadas utilizando a técnica estreptavidina-biotina-peroxidase. Resultados: Setenta e um pacientes eram homens (55%) e 58 (45%) mulheres, com uma idade média de 51,5 anos (10-96 anos). As glândulas salivares menores intra-bucais e as parótidas foram as mais acometidas e 96 pacientes (74,4%) foram diagnosticados com tumores em estádios clínicos III ou IV. O tipo histológico mais comum foi o tipo cribriforme (54,2%), seguido pelos tipos tubular (25,2%) e sólido (20,6%). Cirurgia foi a principal forma de tratamento (75,9%) e 42,7% dos pacientes foram submetidos à radioterapia pós-operatória. As taxas de sobrevida global aos 5 e 10 anos foram 56,5% e 32,5%, respectivamente, e a sobrevida livre de doença foi 42.7% e 29.2% para os mesmos períodos. Análise univariada da sobrevida revelou que pacientes com idade superior a 45 anos (p=0.04), tempo de queixa inferior a 18 meses (p=0.007), presença de parestesia (p=0.04), estádio T (p=0.01), estádio N (p=0.04), estádio M (p<0.001), estádio clínico (p=0.01), tipo histológico sólido (p<0.001), presença de tumor residual após a cirurgia (p<0.001) e aumento da expressão de p53 (p=0.08) correlacionaram com pobre prognóstico. A análise multivariada de sobrevida mostrou que estádio clínico avançado, tipo histológico sólido e expressão de p53 foram fatores prognósticos significantes independentes em pacientes com CAC. Conclusões: Após análise dos dados, concluímos que estádio clínico avançado, tipo histológico sólido e expressão de p53 foram os fatores prognósticos mais significantes associados ao CAC de cabeça e pescoço / Abstract: Introduction: The aim of this study was to analyze the clinical, histological and immunohistochemical prognostic factors of a large series of adenoid cystic carcinoma treated in a single institution, using univariate and multivariate survival analyses. Methods: All cases of head and neck ACC treated between 1955 and 1997, at the Department of the Head and Neck Surgery and Otorhinolaryngology, Hospital do Cancer A. C. Camargo, Sao Paulo, were selected for the study. The clinical data were obtained from the medical records and the histopathological slides reviewed. Immunohistochemical reactions against p53 protein, proliferation cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), Ki-67, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), c-erbB-2 and bcl-2 were performed using the streptavidin-biotin-peroxidase method. Results: Of 129 cases, seventy-one were male (55%) and 58 female (45%), with mean age of 51.5 years (10-96 years). The palate and parotid gland were the most common sites. TNM stage revealed 96 (74.4%) clinical stages III + IV tumors, and the most common histological type was the cribriform type (54.2%), followed by tubular (25.2%) and solid type (20.6%). Surgery was the main treatment modality (75,9%) and 42,7% of the patients were submitted to postoperative radiotherapy. The overall survival rates at 5 and 10 years were 56.5% and 32.5% respectively, and the free disease survival rates were 42.7% and 29.2% for the same periods. Univariate survival analysis revealed that age older than 45 years (p=0.04), period of complaints inferior to 18 months (p=0.007), presence of paresthesia (p=0.04), T stage (p=0.01), N stage (p=0.04), M stage (p<0.001), clinical stage (p=0.003), solid histological type (p<0.001), presence of residual tumor (p<0.001) and increased expression of p53 (p=0.08) correlated with a poor prognosis. In the multivariate survival analyses, clinical stage, solid histological subtype and increased expression of p53 were independent significant prognostic factors. Conclusions: According to our findings, clinical stage, solid growth pattern and expression of p53 were the most important prognostic factors in patients with ACC / Doutorado / Patologia / Doutor em Estomatopatologia

La restriction des apports alimentaires est une méthode couramment utilisée pour perdre du poids dans les sports à catégories de poids. La réduction des apports caloriques se traduit par une activation des systèmes physiologiques du stress, au niveau central et périphérique, visant à préserver l’homéostasie énergétique. Néanmoins, l’influence sur les paramètres physiologiques, psychologiques et physiques reste controversée et ne permet pas de définir clairement un impact négatif de la restriction alimentaire sur la santé et le niveau de performance. L’objectif de ce travail était d’évaluer l’influence d’une restriction alimentaire sur les indicateurs psychophysiologiques du stress, ainsi que le niveau de performance chez des haltérophiles de haut niveau. Nos résultats ont montré que la restriction alimentaire ne modifiait pas le niveau de performance en haltérophilie, mais induisait une altération des paramètres psychologiques. La période de restriction alimentaire se traduisait par une dissociation de l’activité des systèmes physiologiques du stress, ainsi qu’une modification des réponses hormonales à une compétition simulée d’haltérophilie. Il reste à définir les répercussions à long terme de l’altération des paramètres psychophysiologiques sur la santé et la capacité de performance du sportif. Il serait également intéressant d'étudier l'influence de la restriction alimentaire sur le microbiote intestinal et les répercussions éventuelles sur l'axe intestin-cerveau. / Restricting dietary intake is a widespread method for losing weight in weight categories sports. Reduction of calorie intake results in an activation of the physiological stress systems, both at central and peripheral levels, aiming at preserving energy homeostasis. Nevertheless, the influence on physiological, psychological and physical parameters remains controversial and do not allows to clearly defining a negative impact of dietary restriction on health and performance level. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of a dietary restriction period on the psychophysiological indicators of stress, as well as the level of performance in high-level weightlifters. Our results showed that dietary restriction did not modify weightlifting performance level, but resulted in an alteration of the psychological parameters. The dietary restriction period resulted in a dissociation of the activity of the physiological stress systems, as well as a modification of the hormonal responses to a simulated weightlifting competition. It remains to define the long-term impacts of the alteration of psychophysiological parameters on the athlete’s health and performance capacity. It would also be interesting to evaluate the influence of dietary restriction on intestinal microbiota and the possible influence on the gut-brain axis.