This study investigated the impact that sandplay therapy sessions had on Mexican farmworker women's mental health status and resilience attitudes. The participants of this study were 40 women who were born in various states in Mexico and presently reside in rural Central Florida. Twenty women participated in the control group and twenty women participated in the treatment group. The impact sandplay therapy has on participants' mental health status was measured by Outcome Questionnaire (OQ-45), which assesses progress in therapy; and Resiliency Attitudes Scale (R.A.S.), which determines resiliency attitudes. The study also includes twenty participants' transcriptions of their individual sessions to illustrate the experiences of Mexican farmworker women with sandplay therapy. Pre and post-tests revealed a significant impact on mental health status and resiliency attitudes on the treatment group. In addition, participants also reported their own conceptualization of resilience that points to the integration of social networks, community resilience, solidarity, and hope.

This single case study provides a detailed description of a 7-year-old sexually abused child's sandplay, describes prominent themes in the child's sandplay, and concurrent family transitions and events. Included are reflections and meanings that the therapist attributed to the sandplay. Child-centered play therapy was the guiding theory for the therapy. Thirty-six consecutive therapy sessions are examined in this study. The therapy sessions were divided into three phases that were tied to significant life events and changes in the sandplay content and process, along with the therapist-child interactions were explored in each of the phases. There were many significant changes in the content and process of the child's play. He went from primarily using nonliving miniatures to using primarily living miniatures in his sand worlds. Specifically, the use of people and animals increased in his third phase sandplays. The categories of miniatures the child used also increased from one predominant category in the first phase to four or more miniature categories in the third phase. The child's sandplay moved from primarily static play to increasingly dynamic play. Changes in the child's play are linked to changes in his living environment. / Master of Science

The aim of this study was to investigate the possibility to combine the Ericksonian method with sandplay therapy to support a child with aggression as developmental disturbances. The aforementioned was executed by examinig a case study in which a youth that showed agression was supported by the Ericksonian method to sandplay therapy. This study was motivated by many years of interaction by the researcher with children that showed emotional developmental disturbances and where these developmental disturbances delayed the attainment of their full potensial. / Dissertation (MEd (Educational Psychology))--University of Pretoria, 2007. / Educational Psychology / unrestricted

AFRIKAANS: Die doel van hierdie studie is om te verken of die Ericksoniaanse terapiebenadering met sandspelterapie gekombineer kan word om kinders en adolessente wat depressiewe gedrag toon, te ondersteun. Die studie is uitgevoer deur middel van gevallestudies waar kinders en adolessente wat depressiewe gedrag toon, ondersteun is deur middel van die Ericksoniaanse benadering tot sandspelterapie. Die motivering vir hierdie studie hou verband met jarelange interaksie met kinders wat emosionele ontwikkelingsteurnisse ervaar het wat beperkend was met betrekking tot die bereiking van hul volle potensiaal. Ek wou dus ondersoek instel na die moontlikheid om die Ericksoniaanse terapie-benadering met sandspelterapie te kombineer in die behandeling van kinders en adolessente wat depressiewe gedrag toon. My navorsing was daarop gerig om ‘n moontlike kennisbydrae te lewer tot die gebruik van die gekombineerde benadering met kinders en adolessente wat depressie as ontwikkelingsteurnis ervaar. ‘n Teoretiese raamwerk is gebruik wat uit verskillende teorieë bestaan het as 'n lens waardeur ek data geanaliseer en interpreteer het. Die ekologiese teorie, sisteemteorie en transteoretiese model is tydens die studie as teoretiese raamwerk bespreek. ‘n Intervensiestudie gekombineer met ‘n gevalstudie as navorsingsontwerp is tydens my studie gebruik. Ek het kwalitatiewe datainsamelingstegnieke in die onderhawige studie geïmplementeer ten einde die navorsingsprobleem en bevindinge deurtastend te ondersoek en te beskryf. Die data-analisestrategieë wat in die studie geïmlementeer was, berus op Creswell (2003) en Creswell (2005) se benaderings (Sien bl. 109). In antwoord op my primêre navorsingsvraag, het ek tot die gevolgtrekking gekom dat die Ericksoniaanse benadering in kombinasie met sandspelterapie wel van waarde mag wees vir sommige kinders en adolessente wat depressie as ontwikkelingsteurnis ervaar. / ENGLISH: The aim of this study was to investigate the possibility of combining the Ericksonian method with sandplay therapy to support children and adolescents with depression as developmental disorder. The aforementioned was executed by examining case studies in which children and adolescents that showed depression was supported by the Ericksonian method to sandplay therapy. This study was motivated by the researcher’s interaction with children that showed emotional developmental disorders and where these developmental disorders delayed the attainment of their potential. One of the reasons for my research was the potential contribution of knowledge towards the use of the combined method with children and adolescents whom experience depression as developmental disorder. The echological theory, systems theory and trans-theoretical model was used as theoretical framework for my study. I made use of an intervention study combined with a case study during the research. In order to investigate and describe the research problem and findings I implemented qualitative data-collection strategies. / Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2011. / Educational Psychology / unrestricted

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T20:39:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Reinalda Melo da Matta.pdf: 2727327 bytes, checksum: fed10de0ad535e0fd838b8f2000ee230 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-08-14 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This study sets out to present research on the effect of Sandplay Therapy (TS) on the treatment of children suffering from trauma caused by abuse, neglect and abandonment. The research was carried out on 60 children living in childcare facilities in four cities in the State of São Paulo, both boys and girls aged from six years and six months to ten years. All the children within this age bracket were tested with the CBCL (Child Behavior Checklist for ages 6-18). Those who presented clinical and/or borderline symptoms related to internalizing factors (anxiety, depression, withdrawn and somatic complaints) and/or externalizing factors such as breaking rules and aggressive behavior, as well as total problems, were selected for this survey. The participants were tested in three different moments: T0 (before any intervention), T1 (20 sessions/weeks after T0) and T2 (six months after T1), with the following instruments: WISC-III (2002), the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (cubes and vocabulary sub-tests) and the AUQEI test (a questionnaire to evaluate life quality in children and adolescents). The children were organised into three groups: an experimental group (EG, which received the ST), a control group (CG, the waiting list) and a placebo group (PG, which received placebo therapy). New evaluations using the same instruments were carried out as follows: in the EG after 20 weekly sessions with TS (T1) and six months after T1 (T2); in the PG and CG after 20 weekly sessions/weeks (T1). There was no T2 in the PG and CG. Results of the intervention with ST showed that children in the EG presented statistically significant improvement as regards symptoms related to internalizing, externalizing factors and total problems. This change prevailed six months after the therapy was concluded. In the CG improvement in externalizing factors was obtained in the aggressive behavior scale in T1. However, the EG presented a higher average of improvement in relation to CG in this scale.We observed that research participants expressed their aggressiveness and explosive emotions through ST.It was also found that the therapeutic process revealed not only the psychopathological dynamics, but also the children s potentiality and capacities. Building scenarios led to greater adaptability to the difficult circumstances faced by the participants. Miniatures, with their symbolic potential, and playing with sand facilitated connecting and integrating with unconscious aspects that were repressed and defensive as a result of traumatic experiences. Symbolic playing in a free and protected space favored creativity and imagination, as well as the expression of traumatic narratives. Results from T1 and T2 showed significantly reduced clinical symptoms and pathological forms of behavior / Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo investigar o efeito da Terapia do Sandplay (TS) no tratamento de crianças vítimas de trauma por abuso, negligência e abandono. A pesquisa foi realizada com 60 crianças que viviam em instituições de acolhimento em quatro cidades do Estado de São Paulo, com idades entre seis anos e seis meses a 10 anos, de ambos os sexos. Todas as crianças dentro desses critérios foram testadas pelo instrumento CBCL (Child Behavior Checklist for ages 6-18). Aquelas que apresentavam sintomas clínicos e/ou limítrofes relacionados a fatores internalizantes (ansiedade, depressão, retraimento e queixas somáticas) e/ou externalizantes (violação de regras e comportamento agressivo) e Total de Problemas foram selecionadas para esta pesquisa. As crianças foram divididas em três grupos: grupo experimental (GE), que recebeu a TS em 20 sessões semanais); grupo de controle (GC), lista de espera em 20 semanas e grupo placebo (GP), que recebeu terapia placebo em 20 sessões semanais. Os participantes foram testados em três momentos: T0 (antes da intervenção), T1 (20 sessões e/ou 20 semanas) e T2 (apenas para o GE, seis meses após o tratamento), por meio da utilização dos seguintes instrumentos: CBCL/6-18, WISC-III (2002), Escala de Inteligência Wechsler para Crianças (subtestes Cubos e Vocabulário) e AUQEI (Questionário de Avaliação de Qualidade de Vida em Crianças e Adolescentes). Os resultados da intervenção com a TS demonstraram que as crianças do GE apresentaram melhoras estatisticamente significativas, nos sintomas ligados aos fatores internalizantes, externalizantes e Total de Problemas. Essa mudança permaneceu após seis meses do término da terapia. No GC houve mudança significativa em relação aos fatores externalizantes, no entanto esta foi menor que no GE. O GE também apresentou melhoras significativas em relação aos dois grupos. Em T1 o GE apresentou melhoras no WISC vocabulário e em T2 no WISC Cubos. Não houve alteração no teste de qualidade de vida AUQEI que apresentou avaliação de boa qualidade de vida já em T0. Pudemos observar que, por meio da TS, os participantes desta pesquisa expressaram sua agressividade e emoções explosivas. As miniaturas, com seu potencial simbólico, e o brincar na areia facilitaram a conexão e a integração com aspectos inconscientes, reprimidos e defensivos, devido a vivências traumáticas. O brincar simbólico no espaço livre e protegido favoreceu a criatividade e imaginação, assim como a expressão de conteúdos traumáticos

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T20:39:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ReinaldaMattaTese.pdf: 1552343 bytes, checksum: b5d084414ecef35f5c6ce62cf0148cdd (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-05-25 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The objective of this study is to present the results from using sandplay therapy to treat three children between the ages of 6 and 9, who received a psychiatric diagnosis of obsessive-compulsive disorder. This psychopathology occurs both in children and in adults. Both present the same symptoms, with the majority of adults diagnosed with this disorder suffering from these symptoms since childhood. Diagnosing this disorder and psychotherapeutic treatment at an early stage are very important, since it is possible that early treatment could prevent the symptoms from becoming worse during adulthood. A review of the literature on the psychotherapeutic treatment of children with this disorder identified that the psychological technique most frequently used has been Cognitive-Behavioral therapy. However, some studies have identified that there is a low adherence by children receiving this treatment. This resistance occurs due to the use of some techniques that include repetitive exercises, which are often monotonous and also having to note daily tasks, which, for some children, is difficult to perform. Few case studies were identified based on other psychological approaches. No reference was found in analytical psychology and Sandplay therapy for treating children with this disorder. Therefore, this research is the first study to apply Sandplay therapy for such cases. This research was developed using a qualitative-quantitative method, which enabled a qualitative analysis of the verbal expressions and images of each scenario to be made, followed by a quantitative analysis of these data. The therapeutic process was divided into three periods: start, middle and end. An evolutionary line was drawn of the process from the moment the first scenario was made by each subject, and a comparison was made between the three subjects. A comparison between the three cases provides evidence of how the analytic process together with sandplay therapy enables development of consciousness from a more primitive state of identity: the expression and use of symbols; the transformation of defense mechanisms and strengthening of the ego. The psychological structure of each child was transformed and at the end of the psychotherapeutic process there was a remission in their symptoms and they were no longer receiving pharmacological treatment / Este estudo apresentado tem por objetivo observar os resultados da Terapia do Sandplay (TS) no tratamento de três crianças, entre 6 e 9 anos de idade, com diagnóstico psiquiátrico de Transtorno Obsessivo-Compulsivo (TOC). Trata-se de uma psicopatologia que ocorre tanto em crianças quanto em adultos, com o mesmo quadro sintomático, sendo que a maioria de adultos com esse transtorno já manifestava sintomas na infância. A realização do diagnóstico e de tratamento psicoterapêutico durante esta fase são de grande importância, pela possibilidade de um tratamento na infância evitar que os sintomas se agravem na idade adulta. A revisão de literatura a respeito do tratamento psicoterápico em crianças com esse transtorno revela que a técnica psicológica mais utilizada é a terapia Cognitiva-Comportamental (TCC). Entretanto, alguns estudos apontam que, no tratamento de crianças, existe uma baixa aderência. A resistência ocorre devido ao uso de algumas técnicas que incluem exercícios repetitivos, muitas vezes monótonos, e a anotação das tarefas diárias, que algumas apresentam dificuldades em executar. Nas outras abordagens psicológicas, poucos estudos de caso foram encontrados. Na psicologia analítica e na TS, nenhuma referência foi encontrada no tratamento de crianças. Portanto, o presente trabalho é uma primeira experiência em aplicar a TS. Esta pesquisa foi desenvolvida com o método qualitativo-quantitativo, que permitiu análise qualitativa das expressões verbais e imagéticas de cada cenário e, em seguida, quantitativa destes mesmos dados. O processo terapêutico foi dividido em três momentos: início, meio e fim. A partir do primeiro cenário de cada sujeito, foi traçada uma linha evolutiva do seu processo e uma comparação entre os três sujeitos. A confrontação entre os três casos evidencia como o processo analítico em conjunto com a TS propiciou o desenvolvimento da consciência, a partir de um estado mais primitivo de identidade: a expressão e utilização dos símbolos; a transformação dos mecanismos de defesa e o fortalecimento do ego. Observou-se que a estrutura psicológica das crianças foi transformada e, ao final do processo psicoterapêutico, elas obtiveram a remissão de seus sintomas e se encontram sem tratamento farmacológico

But : comparer le processus de transformation intérieure au cours de la psychothérapie par le Jeu de Sable avec la transformation du néophyte au cours des rites d’initiation chez les Chamans, dans l’Alchimie et dans les cultes à mystères en Egypte et en Grèce. Méthodologie : Analyse de 856 photos des jeux de sable construits par 28 enfants de 4 à 12 ans. Conclusion : Il existe une similitude entre le processus de transformation vécu en psychothérapie et la première des trois étapes de l'initiation vécue par le néophyte. On retrouve dans les jeux de sable des scénarios archétypiques qui peuvent être classés dans des catégories spécifiques associées aux différentes étapes de la transformation intérieure décrites dans les mythes initiatiques. / Aim : comparison between the stages of inner transformation in Sandplay therapy with children and the stages of initiation in the Mystery cults of the ancient Egyptians and Greeks, in Alchemy and in Shamanism. Sample : 28 children from 4 to 12 years old. Instrument of analysis : 856 photos made during the therapy. Results : We report on a similarity between the process of transformation in Sandplay therapy and the first stage of initiation in the different cultures. We found out that in Sandplay therapy the archetypes appeared according to the own internal logic of the transformation process described in the great myths. The archetypes can be classified in categories, which are specific to different stages of the inner transformation.