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Simulations numériques du comportement mécanique d'un matériau d’âme à base de fibres enchevêtrées destiné aux applications aéronautiques / Numerical simulations of the mechanical behavior of a core material based on entangled fibres intended for aeronautical applicationsChatti, Fadhel 13 December 2018 (has links)
Un nouveau matériau d’âme à base de fibres enchevêtrées et réticulées a été précédemment développé dans le but d’améliorer certaines propriétés des structures sandwichs dont l’amortissement vibratoire. Cependant, son comportement mécanique et vibratoire doit être optimisé afin de l’utiliser dans le domaine aérospatial. Plusieurs paramètres morphologiques entrent en jeu lors de sa fabrication. L’objectif de cette thèse est de développer un modèle numérique permettant de mieux comprendre le comportement de ce matériau enchevêtré réticulé. Le comportement d’un volume élémentaire représentatif de fibres de carbone enchevêtrées et non-réticulées est d’abord étudié en compression par éléments finis. La géométrie numérique du réseau de fibres s’appuie sur les données morphologiques du matériau réel. Les simulations numériques permettent de suivre, au cours de la compression confinée, l’évolution des différents paramètres, tels que la distribution des orientations des fibres, la distance entre contacts ou la fraction volumique. Ces résultats constituent une base robuste pour le développement du modèle numérique du matériau enchevêtré et réticulé qui est ensuite utilisé pour modéliser le comportement mécanique en cisaillement, et en particulier pour simuler et expliquer les boucles d’hystérésis observées expérimentalement. A la fin de ce travail, une étude numérique est proposée afin de décrire l’influence des différents paramètres morphologiques sur la rigidité en compression et en cisaillement du matériau enchevêtré réticulé. / A new core material based on entangled and cross-linked fibers has been previously developed in order to improve certain properties of sandwich structures including vibration damping. However, its behavior must be optimized for use in the aerospace field. Several morphological parameters can be modified during the manufacturing process. The aim of this thesis was to develop a numerical model to better understand the behavior of this entangled cross-linked material. The behavior of a representative volume element of entangled carbon fibers without cross-links is first studied in compression using finite element. The numerical geometry of the fiber network relies on the morphological parameters of a real sample. Numerical simulations make it possible to follow, during the confined compression, the evolution of the different parameters, such as the distribution of fiber orientations, the distance between contacts or the volume fraction. These results provide a robust basis for developing the numerical model of the entangled cross-linked material which is then used to model the mechanical behavior in shear, and in particular to simulate and explain the hysteresis loops observed experimentally. At the end of this work, a numerical study is proposed to study the influence of different morphological parameters on the compressive stiffness and shear stiffness of the entangled cross-linked material.
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Development and experimental validation of vibration based damage indicator on a specific twin-wall sandwich structure / Développement et validation expérimentale d'indicateur d'endommagement basé sur la réponse vibratoire de structures sandwichsHui, Yi 30 November 2018 (has links)
La surveillance de santé structurale (SHM) a attiré beaucoup d'attention dans de nombreux domaines tels que l'industrie civile, aéronautique, mécanique, etc., car il est important de surveiller l'état de la structure afin d'éviter des défaillances structurelles imprévues. Le processus d'identification des endommagements à quatre niveaux: existence, localisation, sévérité et prédiction de l'évolution des endommagements peut être partiellement réalisé si un propre indicateur est bien choisi. Il existe différents indicateurs d'endommagements dont la gamme d'application de la fréquence s'étend de la réponse vibratoire à basses fréquences aux régimes ultrasoniques dans la gamme méga hertz.Les structures sandwich sont largement utilisées dans diverses applications d'ingénierie en raison de son rapport rigidité / poids exceptionnellement élevé par rapport aux structures monocoques. Dans ce travail, une structure sandwich a été étudiée et des indicateurs basés sur la réponse vibratoire ont été conçus en utilisant ses caractéristiques de directivité de propagation et d'amortissement relativement élevé de la structure. Des investigations numériques sur différents scénarios d'endommagement (càd, différents types d'endommagement et leurs combinaisons) et une discussion associée sur la plage d'application ont d'abord été effectuées. La configuration expérimentale a été facilement réalisée à l'aide d'un vibromètre laser à balayage Doppler (SLDV). L'endommagement a été détecté avec succès par les indicateurs proposés. / Structural health monitoring (SHM) has attracted much attention in many engineering fields like civil, aeronautic, mechanical industry, etc. since it is important to monitor the healthy condition of the operational structure in order to avoid unpredicted structural failure which may have severe consequences. The four-level damage identification process: existence, localization, severity and prediction of damage evolution, can be partly realized if a suitable indicator is chosen. It exists different damage indicators whose application range of frequency spans from vibrational response at low frequencies to the ultrasonic regimes in the mega hertz range.The sandwich structures are widely used in various engineering applications due to its exceptionally high flexural stiffness-to-weight ratio compared to monocoque structures. In this thesis a specified twin-wall sandwich structure in polypropylene was studied and vibration-based indicators were designed by taking use of its relative high damping and propagation directivity characteristics. Numerical investigations on different damage scenarios (i.e., different types of defect and their combinations) and an associated discussion on the range of application were first carried out. Experimental configuration was easily realized with the help of a scanning laser doppler vibrometer (SLDV). Defect was successfully detected by the proposed indicators.
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Étude des matériaux poreux thermo compressés pour la modélisation des écrans acoustiques automobiles / Study of thermocompressed porous materials for the modeling of automotive acoustic shieldsLei, Lei 06 July 2018 (has links)
Ce travail a été réalisé dans le cadre du projet EcOBEx, qui consiste à réduire le bruit du groupe motopropulseur rayonné à l'extérieur par l'ajout d'écrans acoustiques dans le compartiment moteur du véhicule. Les écrans acoustiques sont fabriqués par thermocompression de matériaux poreux uniformes. Les propriétés et l'épaisseur du matériau évoluent en fonction du degré de compression subit par le matériau. L'objectif de ce travail est de proposer des lois pour prédire l'évolution des propriétés des matériaux à partir du taux de compression et de leurs valeurs initiales avant compression. Dans un premier temps, on s'intéresse aux paramètres du modèle de fluide équivalent de Johnson-Champoux-Allard-Lafarge (JCAL) : porosité, résistivité au passage d'air, tortuosité, longueurs caractéristiques visqueuse et thermique, perméabilité thermique statique. Des expressions analytiques sont proposées pour prédire la variation de ces paramètres en fonction de la compression. Elles sont développées à partir d'un modèle de matériaux fibreux à fibres cylindriques où les variations d'orientation des fibres induites par la thermocompression peuvent être prises en compte. Les résultats sont en bon accord avec les mesures effectuées sur deux types de matériaux (mousse à cellules ouvertes et fibreux). Un modèle empirique généralisé est finalement proposé pour la résistivité au passage d'air. Dans un deuxième temps, on s'attache aux paramètres élastiques dont la connaissance est essentielle pour prendre en compte la vibration du squelette. La méthode expérimentale quasistatique est d'abord appliquée pour étudier l'évolution du module de Young par rapport au taux de compression pour les fibres et les mousses. Une loi de puissance est alors proposée pour prédire ces variations. Enfin, une méthode inverse pour estimer les propriétés élastiques d'un matériau poroélastique orthotrope à partir d'une mesure vibratoire d'un écran tricouche thermo comprimé est proposée. Cette méthode permet de caractériser les propriétés élastiques du matériau poreux dans une situation proche de son application réelle / This work was carried out in the framework of the project EcOBEx, whose main objective was to reduce the passby noise by mean of acoustic shields in the engine compartment of the vehicle. The acoustic shields are manufactured by thermocompression of uniform porous materials. The material’s properties and thickness evolve according to the degree of compression experienced by the material. The objective of this work is to propose some laws to predict the evolution of the materials properties from their initial non compressed values and the compression rate. Firstly, we focus on the parameters of the Johnson-Champoux-Allard-Lafarge (JCAL) equivalent fluid model : porosity, air-flow resistivity, tortuosity, viscous characteristic lengths, thermal characteristic length, static thermal permeability. Some analytical expressions are proposed to predict the variation of these parameters as a function of compression. They are derived from a physical model of cylindrical fibres where the fibre orientation variations induced by the thermocompression can be taken into account. The results are in good agreement with the measurements made two types of materials (open cell foam and fibrous). A generalized empirical model is finally proposed for the air-flow resistivity.In a second part, we focus on the elastic parameters, which are necessary to take into account the vibration of the skeleton. The quasi-static experimental method is first applied to study the evolution of the Young’s modulus along the compression rate for fibrous and open cell foams. A power law is then proposed to predict these variations. Finally, an inverse method for estimating the elastic properties of an orthotropic poro-elastic material from a vibratory measurement of a thermocompressed three layer sandwich structure is proposed. This method allows us to characterize the elastic properties of a porous material in a situation close to its actual application.
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Contribution à l'étude numérique du comportement au feu d'un panneau composite pour l'industrie navale / Contribution to numerical study of the behavior of a composite panel under fire for naval industryGoupil, Anne-Charlotte 02 February 2016 (has links)
Pour être commercialisés et installés à bord des navires, les panneaux structuraux tels que les cloisons et les pontsdoivent passer avec succès un essai normalisé de résistance au feu de type ISO 834. De tels essais sont longs et coûteux,les constructeurs de panneaux souhaitent par conséquent maximiser les chances de succès lors du passage de leur produitau test en particulier pour les designs alternatifs que constituent les sandwichs composite.La simulation par éléments finis est un outil pour modéliser le comportement thermomécanique de telles structures.Les codes industriels comme SAMCEF qui a été utilisé dans ce travail sont capables de réaliser des analyses thermiquesavec dégradation et des analyses mécaniques mettant en jeu la gestion du contact, la dégradation des propriétésmécaniques et la perte des structures par ruine.L’enjeu de cette étude est d’abord identifier les spécificités de telles structures particulières par leur taille, leurconception, de déterminer quelles sont les données thermiques et mécaniques nécessaires pour alimenter le modèlenumérique et le cas échéant de les construire à partir des résultats de la réaction au feu des matériaux. Des modèlesnumériques que l’on souhaite robustes et utilisables dans un contexte industriel, sont développés pour déterminer lecomportement thermomécanique de tels panneaux. Ils prennent en compte l’évolution des propriétés thermiques etmécaniques des matériaux en cours de dégradation. Ces modèles doivent permettre par la suite l’estimation desperformances de nouveaux designs lors d’un essai de certification ISO 834. / Structural panels used in naval industry such as bulkheads and decks must succeed in standard certification testssuch as ISO 834 to be commercialized and settled on board. As these tests are long and expensive, panel manufacturerswish to maximize chances of success for their panels when submitted to certification tests especially when it comes toalternative designs such as composite sandwich panels.Finite elements analyses are used to model thermo-mechanical behavior. Industrial software such as SAMCEF,which was used to conduct this work, are able to solve thermal analyses with degradation and mechanical analyses involvingcontact conditions, degradation of mechanical properties and loss of structures due to failure.The objective in this study is to first identify characteristics of these structures. They are special due to their size andtheir manufacturing. This study aims also to determine thermal and mechanical data required for numerical modeling.When necessary some data can be computed from results coming from the results of the materials’ reaction to fire.Numerical models are developed to determine thermo-mechanical behavior and are designed to be robust and used inindustrial context. They include the evolution of thermal and mechanical properties during the degradation process. Thesemodels must enable to estimate the performances of innovative designs during an ISO 834 certification test.
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Failure of Sandwich Structures with Sub-Interface DamageShipsha, Andrey January 2001 (has links)
No description available.
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Failure of Sandwich Structures with Sub-Interface DamageShipsha, Andrey January 2001 (has links)
No description available.
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Konstruktionsanalys av lastbilsbotten : En jämförelse av stålbotten och sandwichbottenWester, Ellen, Stålnacke, Louise, Badak, Emma January 2023 (has links)
The structure and design of truck body work can look in several different ways. SpecialKarosser AB is one of the leading companies in Scandinavia when it comes to specially adapted truck body work. The body works are designed to carry different types of loads. When in use, the structure is affected by various types of forces and repeated dynamic loads. The body works have several constituent parts which includes bottom structure and support frame. SKAB manufactures two types of bottom structures, one fully made of steel and one with sandwich technology. The purpose of this project was to analyze and compare the two bottom structures based on von Mises stress, weight and deflection at a load of 80 000 N. The project was divided into five different phases that consisted of literature studies, 3D modeling, calculation, evaluation and verification and validation. Surface and solid modeling was performed in Catia V6. FE-analysis was executed in Abaqus and verified with a meshless structural analysis in SIMSOLID. The result was further verified with simplified manual calculations. Lastly a comparative evaluation of the bottom structures was performed. The following conclusions could be drawn from the analysis: the von Mises stress was generally lower in the sandwich bottom structure compared to the steel bottom structure. The cross beams in the steel bottom structure were exposed to von Mises stress of 18.9 MPa. In the sandwich bottom structure, the front end cross beams in the were exposed to a stress of 15.4 MPa and the back end 9.76 MPa. The deflection of the steel structure was 0.34 mm greater compared to the sandwich bottom, this corresponded to approx. 29%. The steel bottom has a 6% lower mass of 849.7 kg compared to 901.6 kg. The results from this study could be used by SKAB for further analysis and environmental-, weight- or cost optimization of the structure. / SpecialKarosser AB (SKAB) är ett av de ledande företagen i Skandinavien när det kommer till specialanpassade lastbilspåbyggnationer. Byggnationerna är designade för att bära olika typer av last. Vid användning påverkas konstruktionerna av olika typer av krafter och upprepad dynamisk belastning. Byggnationerna har flera ingående delar vilka bland annat omfattar bottenkonstruktion och hjälpram. SKAB tillverkar två typer av bottenkonstruktioner, en i stål och en med sandwichteknik. Syftet med projektet var att analysera och jämföra SKABs två bottentyper utifrån von Mises spänning, vikt och utböjning vid en belastning på 80 000 N. Projektet delades in i fem olika faser som omfattade litteraturstudier, 3D-modellering, beräkning, utvärdering samt verifiering och validering. Yt- och solidmodellering utfördes i Catia V6. FE-analys gjordes i Abaqus och verifierades med en mesh-fri konstruktionsanalys i SIMSOLID. Resultatet verifierades ytterligare med förenklade handberäkningar. Slutligen gjordes en jämförande utvärdering av bottenkonstruktionerna. Från analysen kunde följande slutsatser dras: von Mises spänning blev generellt lägre i sandwichbotten jämfört med stålbotten. I stålbotten påverkades tväroken av von Mises spänning på 18,9 MPa. I sandwichbotten påverkades de främre tväroken av 15,4 MPa och 9,76 MPa i de bakre tväroken. Stålbotten fick en utböjning som var 0,2 mm större jämfört med sandwichbotten, vilket motsvarade ca 28%. Stålbotten hade en 6% lägre massa på 849,7 kg jämfört med 901,6 kg. Resultaten från denna studie kan användas av företaget för vidare analys samt miljö-, vikt- eller kostnadsmässiga optimeringar av konstruktionerna.
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Characterization of Kelvin Cell Cored Sandwich Structures with Analysis and Experiments / Karaktärisering av sandwichstrukturer med Kelvin-cellkärna med analys och experimentGünay, Sabahattin Bora January 2023 (has links)
In order to satisfy the mechanical requirements for space structures, achieving lightweight designs is of the greatest significance. The primary focus of this study is the utilization of Kelvin cell core in the design of sandwich structures for space applications. The research encompasses a variety of production techniques, analyzes, and tests related to the design of sandwich structures with Kelvin cells as the core material. While a variety of configurations are evaluated in a general sense, particular configurations are examined in greater extensive detail. In this context, the structure's bending stiffness, compression stiffness, and vibration characteristics are analyzed. The analytical procedure begins with a simplified structure analysis, followed by the modeling of the actual geometry. According to applicable standards, stiffness values are calculated based on the deflection results of the analyzes. However, it is important to note that the tests performed on the modeled structures are conducted in a laboratory environment using additively manufactured samples. This permits a comparison between the obtained test results and the findings of the analyzes, shedding light on the effect of the manufacturing method. This study demonstrates that the honeycomb sandwich structure is superior in terms of overall stiffness. In addition, a specially designed reinforced Kelvin Cell structure possesses exceptional bending rigidity properties. In light of these findings, it is clear that the combination of Kelvin Cell core and specific reinforcement strategies has the potential to improve the mechanical performance of sandwich structures. In addition, the deformation results revealed by the analyzes showed that the structure can be deformed in large amounts in directions other than the direction of the force it is exposed to. This situation is of great importance for damping in space applications. As a result of vibration analyzes and tests, the effect of stiffness and mass increase in a certain direction on natural frequencies has been revealed, and with 3-point bending tests, the facing elastic modulus and core shear modulus values of the structure have been determined separately and its effect on the sandwich structure has been shown. Accordingly, this study examined and evaluated many aspects of the possible role of the Kelvin Cell in space applications. / För att tillgodose de mekaniska kraven på rymdkonstruktioner är det av största vikt att uppnå lätta konstruktioner. Det primära fokuset för denna studie är utnyttjandet av Kelvin-Cellkärna vid design av sandwichstrukturer för rymdtillämpningar. Forskningen omfattar en mängd olika produktionstekniker, analyser och tester relaterade till design av sandwichstrukturer med Kelvin-Celler som kärnmaterial. En mängd olika konfigurationer utvärderas generellt, medan vissa specifika konfigurationer undersöks mer utförligt på detaljnivå. I detta sammanhang analyseras strukturens böjstyvhet, kompressionsstyvhet och vibrationsegenskaper. Den analytiska proceduren börjar med en förenklad strukturanalys, följt av modellering av den faktiska geometrin. Enligt gällande standarder beräknas styvhetsvärdena baserat på strukturanalysens resultat. Det är dock viktigt att notera att de tester som utförs på de modellerade strukturerna utförs i en laboratoriemiljö med hjälp av additivt tillverkade prover. Detta möjliggör en jämförelse mellan de erhållna testresultaten och resultaten av analysen, vilket belyser effekten av tillverkningsmetoden. Denna studie visar att sandwichstrukturen honeycomb är bäst när det gäller total styvhet. Dessutom har en specialdesignad förstärkt Kelvin-Cellstruktur exceptionella böjstyvhetsegenskaper. I ljuset av dessa fynd är det tydligt att kombinationen av Kelvin-Cellkärna och specifika förstärkningsstrategier har potential att förbättra den mekaniska prestandan hos sandwichstrukturer. Dessutom visade deformationsresultaten från analyserna att strukturen kan deformeras till hög grad i andra riktningar än den kraft som den utsätts för. Denna iaktagelse är av stor betydelse för dämpning i rymdapplikationer. Som ett resultat av vibrationsanalyser och tester har effekten av styvhet och massökning i en viss riktning på naturliga frekvenser upptäckts, och med 3-punkts böjtester har konstruktionens elasticitetsmodul och skjuvmodulsvärden bestämts separat och dess effekt på sandwichstrukturen har visats. Följaktligen undersökte och utvärderade denna studie många aspekter av Kelvin-Cellens möjliga roll i rymdtillämpningar.
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Entwicklung von Dünnglas-Kunststoff-Hybridplatten für das BauwesenHänig, Julian 19 July 2023 (has links)
Moderne architektonische Fassadengestaltungen und Ganzglaskonstruktionen fordern immer häufiger entmaterialisiert wirkende Ansichten mit maximaler Transparenz für eine edle Erscheinung und einen hohen Grad an natürlicher Belichtung. Damit gehen große Spannweiten einher. Diese führen zu stark dimensionierten Glasaufbauten und bringen hohes Eigengewicht in die Konstruktion ein. Die Verfügbarkeit von Dünnglas in bautechnisch relevanten Abmessungen ermöglicht neue gewichtssparende Konstruktionsprinzipien und innovative Materialkombinationen.
Dünnglas-Kunststoff-Hybridplatten bestehen aus einem leichten transparenten Kunststoffkern mit außenliegenden kratzbeständigen und dauerhaften Deckschichten aus Dünnglas. Sie bieten eine hohe Steifigkeit, Dauerhaftigkeit und volle Transparenz bei geringem Eigengewicht. Die Aushärtung der Ausgangskomponenten des Kunststoffkerns erfolgt direkt zwischen den Deckschichten und erzeugt dadurch einen vollflächigen Verbund zwischen Glas und Kunststoff ohne zusätzliche Zwischenschichten.
Im Bauwesen sind Dünnglas-Kunststoff-Hybridplatten bislang unbekannt. Es liegen weder ausreichend Kenntnisse zu den Material- und Verbundeigenschaften vor noch sind die Eigenschaften als Bauprodukt entsprechend den hohen strukturellen und sicherheitstechnischen Anforderungen sowie den Ansprüchen an die Dauerhaftigkeit und an die optischen Eigenschaften nachgewiesen. Darüber hinaus fehlen konkrete Verbindungskonzepte zur Integration in das Bauwesen, um das Leichtbaupotenzial für entmaterialisiert wirkende transparente Konstruktionen auszunutzen.
Im Rahmen dieser Arbeit werden erstmals Dünnglas-Kunststoff-Hybridplatten als innovatives Leichtbauprodukt systematisch untersucht und in das Bauwesen eingeordnet. Experimentelle und numerische Untersuchungen charakterisieren die Material- und Verbundeigenschaften mit zwei, am Markt verfügbaren, Kunststoffkernmaterialien – Polymethylmethacrylat (PMMA) und Polyurethan (PU), die jeweils für ein unterschiedliches Eigenschaftsspektrum stehen. Darüber hinaus wird zur Umsetzung maximaler Transparenz eine materialgerechte Verbindungstechnik entwickelt und deren mechanische Tragfähigkeiten charakterisiert.
Zunächst werden in experimentellen Kleinteilprüfungen die thermophysikalischen und mechanischen Kennwerte der reinen Kunststoffkernmaterialien für die Beschreibung des Tragverhaltens im Verbund ermittelt. Anhand der Ergebnisse werden das PMMA als steifes, dauerhaftes, aber sprödes Material und das PU als vergleichsweise flexibles, zähes Material charakterisiert. Die experimentellen Untersuchungen zum Verbundverhalten fokussieren sich auf die Anforderungen für den Einsatz im Bauwesen. Eine numerische Strukturanalyse erweitert die Ergebnisse zum Tragverhalten und klärt offengebliebene Fragestellungen zum thermischen Ausdehnungsverhalten. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass mit Dünnglas-Kunststoff-Hybridplatten ein effizientes Tragverhalten und eine signifikante Gewichtsreduktion gegenüber herkömmlichem monolithischem Glas und Verbundglas erreicht wird. Anhand der spezifizierten Verbundeigenschaften werden resultierende Anwendungspotenziale entsprechend der Materialkombination abgeleitet.
Die weiterführende Entwicklung einer tragfähig in den Kunststoffkern integrierten Verbindungstechnik bietet innovative Anbindungsmöglichkeiten für Dünnglas-Kunststoff-Hybridplatten im Strukturleichtbau. Die Funktionsweise wurde anhand eines Konstruktionsbeispiels auf der „glasstec 2022“ demonstriert.
Die vorliegende Arbeit beinhaltet eine strukturierte Kennwertsammlung zur erstmaligen ingenieurmäßigen Beschreibung des Material- und Verbundverhaltens von Dünnglas-Kunststoff-Hybridplatten mit zwei unterschiedlichen Kunststoffkernmaterialien. Die Materialkombination aus Dünnglas und PMMA-Kunststoffkern erzielt die größte Materialeffizienz für eine effektive Gewichtsreduktion und erfüllt die grundlegenden Anforderungen aus dem Bauwesen. Anhand der weiterführend entwickelten konstruktiven Verbindungstechnik wird ein breiter Anwendungsbereich erschlossen. Mit den Ergebnissen dieser Arbeit werden somit die Grundlagen für die Einführung als Bauprodukt und für eine gewichtssparende Konstruktionsweise zur Umsetzung maximaler Transparenz geschaffen.:1 Einleitung
2 Grundlagen
3 Dünnglas-Kunststoff-Hybridplatten
4 Materialcharakterisierung Kunststoffkern
5 Verbundverhalten
6 Numerische Strukturanalyse
7 Einordnung in das Bauwesen
8 Konstruktive Verbindungstechnik
9 Konstruktionsbeispiel und Empfehlungen
10 Zusammenfassung und Ausblick
11 Literatur / Modern façade designs and all-glass construction are increasingly calling for dematerialisation and maximum transparency for a sophisticated appearance and a high degree of natural lighting. This is accompanied by large glass spans leading to increasing thickness of glass panels that introduce a high dead load into the supporting structure. The availability of thin glass in architecturally relevant dimensions permits new lightweight design principles and innovative material combinations.
Innovative thin glass-plastic-composite panels consist of a lightweight and transparent polymeric interlayer core with scratch-resistant and durable cover layers of thin glass. They offer high stiffness, durability and full transparency at a low specific weight. The raw components of the polymer core are directly cured between the cover layers resulting in a chemical bond between glass and polymer over the entire surface without the need for additional interlayers.
The thin glass-plastic-composite panels are currently unknown in the building industry. There is a lack of knowledge about the material and its composite behaviour. It has not been verified as a building product in accordance with the high structural and safety requirements as well as the requirements for durability and optical properties. In order to employ the lightweight design potential for dematerialised and transparent construction suitable for the building industry, there is a need for specific and material-appropriate connection techniques.
In the context of this thesis, the novel thin glass-plastic-composite panels are systematically investigated in order to assess them as an innovative lightweight product. For the first time, they are classified in detail for application in the building industry. Material and composite properties using two different polymeric interlayer core materials – polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) and polyurethane (PU) – are characterised by means of experimental and numerical investigations. Moreover, to achieve maximum transparency, a material-specific connection technique is developed and a wide range of mechanical load-bearing capacities are specified.
First of all, the thermophysical and mechanical parameters of the pure polymer core materials are determined in experimental small part tests for the description of the composite load-bearing behaviour. The results identify the PMMA as a stiff, durable but brittle material and the PU as a fairly flexible, viscoelastic material. The investigations on the composite behaviour focus on the demands for use in the building industry and include experimental tests on the durability, the adhesion, the composite load-bearing behaviour as well as the response to hard and soft body impacts. A numerical analysis extends the results of experimental investigations on the structural load-bearing behaviour and examines the thermal expansion behaviour. The results indicate that the new material combination achieves a highly efficient structural load-bearing behaviour and a significant weight reduction compared to conventional monolithic and laminated glass. Application possibilities are derived based on the observed interlayer core material and composite characteristics.
Further development of a connection technique as an integrated design into the polymeric interlayer core offers wide-ranging concepts of connecting thin glass-plastic-composite panels. Its functionality and practicability have been demonstrated in a construction prototype exhibited at “glasstec 2022” fair.
The present work contains a well-structured material dataset to describe the material and composite behaviour of thin glass-plastic-composite panels comprehensively with two different polymeric interlayer core materials in engineering methodology. The material combination of thin glass and PMMA interlayer core achieves outstanding material efficiency with an effective weight reduction and fulfils the general requirements for application in building industry. A wide range of applications is facilitated thanks to the further development of a slim and integrated structural connection technique. The results of this work provide the framework for the introduction of a new lightweight building product with an innovative structural design to realise maximum transparency of façades and all-glass structures.:1 Einleitung
2 Grundlagen
3 Dünnglas-Kunststoff-Hybridplatten
4 Materialcharakterisierung Kunststoffkern
5 Verbundverhalten
6 Numerische Strukturanalyse
7 Einordnung in das Bauwesen
8 Konstruktive Verbindungstechnik
9 Konstruktionsbeispiel und Empfehlungen
10 Zusammenfassung und Ausblick
11 Literatur
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Monocoque chassis design andoptimization : Composite optimization of FSAE ChassisWikström, Robin January 2023 (has links)
Composite monocoque frames are becoming increasingly more popular inperformance cars. Compared to their steel and aluminum counterparts theyprovide additional torsional stiffness at the cost of less weight. This thesiscovers the complex optimization process of a monocoque applied within theregulations of a Formula Student competition. It aims to give the reader a goodunderstanding of the rules and how they affect the optimization process whilegenerating an optimized design used in the competition of Formula StudentGermany -21 by KTH Formula Student. The rules of Formula Student dictate the structural requirements on themonocoque based on a steel space frame. All materials except low carbon steelused in the structure require proof of equivalence through regulated testingmethods. However, this thesis shows that the regulated setup can severelyaffect results through a deep analysis of the testing methodology.The torsional stiffness of the monocoque is analyzed and optimized accordingto the results of a free-size optimization. Both through slight adjustmentsin chassis geometry and the laminate, resulting in a theoretical torsionalstiffness of 9.9 kNm/deg, more than five times as much as the old space frame.Weighing in at 20 kg, a significant weight reduction of about 10 kg, eventhough it was larger, with a surface area of about 4.2 m2. This design will be the first monocoque manufactured within KTH FormulaStudent since 2010. Therefore, a lot of focus was put on analyzing the rulesand lay the ground for future development by conducting tests on optimizedpanels. These results have the potential to further reduce the weight of a futuremonocoque with a different geometry. / Allt fler sportbilar använder självbärande karosser i komposit. Till skillnadfrån deras stål och aluminium motsvarighet så tillåter kompositkonstruktionenen styvare konstruktion för samma vikt. Denna rapport går igenom denkomplicerade optimeringsprocessen för en självbärande kaross i kolfiber appliceratinom tävlingen Formula Student. Målet med rapporten är att läsaren ska fåen bättre förståelse av reglerna och dess påverkan på optimeringsprocessensamtidigt som en optimerad design presenteras för användandet i “FormulaStudent Germany -21” åt KTH Formula Student. Reglerna inom Formula Student ställer strukturella krav på den självbärandekarossen baserat på en standard för stålrörsramar. Alla material förutomlåg kols stål som används i strukturen kräver att ekvivalens bevisas genomspecifika tester. Denna rapport visar att dessa tester kan generera olika resultatgenom en djup analys av metodiken. Torsions styvheten av karossen analyseras och optimeras enligt reglernagenom en så kallad free-size optimization". Genom att variera geometri ochkomposit utvecklades en kaross som var mer än 5 gånger så styv som dentidigare stålrörsramen med en teoretisk torsions styvhet på 9.9kNm/deg. Meden vikt på 20 kg reducerades även vikten 10 kg, även om den var större, ochhade en area på cirka 4.2m2. Denna design kommer att vara den första självbärande komposit karossentillverkad inom KTH Formula Student sedan 2010. Efter den djupa analysen avreglerna, testas då de optimerade panelerna, vilket lägger grunden för framtidautvecklingen. Dessa resultat har potential att reducera vikten ytterligare av enframtida kaross, genom ändringar i geometrin.
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