The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between school building condition and student achievement as measured by their performance on the Standards of Learning (SOL) examinations at the middle school level in the Commonwealth of Virginia. Three major data components were used to complete this study. The first component was the condition of the school buildings. To obtain this information, principals were asked to complete the Commonwealth Assessment of Physical Environment (CAPE) assessment instrument. The second component was the percentage of passing scores from SOL examinations for each middle school in the Commonwealth of Virginia. The third component was the socioeconomic status of the students attending the schools as measured by the percentage of students participating in the free and reduced lunch program. Three research questions were used to examine this topic. The first research question examined the differences in the SOL results of students in school buildings rated as standard and substandard. The second research question examined the differences in the SOL results of students in school buildings rated cosmetically as standard and substandard. The third research question examined the differences in the SOL results of students in school buildings rated structurally as standard and substandard. This study found that building condition is related to student achievement. Students performed better in newer or recently renovated buildings than they did in older buildings. The percentage of students passing the Commonwealth of Virginia Standards of Learning Examination at the middle school level was higher in English, mathematics and science in standard buildings than it was in substandard buildings. One of the largest differences in percentage of students passing was in English at 6.10 percentage points. This difference was significant at the .05 level of significance. This is noteworthy because student's ability to read affects all other academic areas. Building age, windows in the instructional area, and overall building condition were positively related to student achievement.Finally the data from this study were compared to the results of earlier studies that examined high schools in the Commonwealth of Virginia, finding that these results were consistent with the findings of other studies. / Ph. D.

Understanding School Buildingscompletes a study ofmodern Swedish school buildings and the ideas behind them. In aseries of case studies of seven schools built between 1953 and2001, changes in architecture have been found to reflectchanges in the ideas and practices of teaching and learning.The study has raised a number of questions, regarding currentdemands on school buildings. Problems and qualities of schoolbuildings demands on school buildings, problems and qualitiesof school buildings form the 1950s, 60s and 70s, problems foundand qualities lost in the process of changing such buildings,and the motives of architects involved in the design ofschools. In practical terms, the research method has includedobservations of buildings in use, interviews with directors,staff and pupils as well as architects, and the study ofliterature, documents and architectural drawings. Intheoretical terms, different perspectives of architecture havebeen discussed and applied, from the phenomenological approachof Norberg-Schulz to the space syntax theory of Hillier, frompractical, social use of symbolic meaning and aesthetics.Finally, some philosophical themes on art, architecture andsociety, from Dewey, Shusterman, Scruton and Sartre have beenintroduced. Partly diverging from the case study model of Yin, the studydoes not simply aim at verifying or falsifying a hypothesis. Ata point in the study, each case is explained in a morenarrative manner. In the final analysis, understanding schoolbuildings in shown to require a multifaceted view. A schoolbuilding must be seen in a historic/political perspective, as atool for teaching and learning and as the life-world ofteachers and pupils. In cases discussed, a school building isalso the object of strong pedagogical or social intensions ofan architect. In other term, a study of school buildings mustbe a study in pragmatist aesthetics. Keywords:School building, architectural theory, recentsocial history of architecture, intention, experience,pragmatist aesthetics

<p><i>Understanding School Buildings</i>completes a study ofmodern Swedish school buildings and the ideas behind them. In aseries of case studies of seven schools built between 1953 and2001, changes in architecture have been found to reflectchanges in the ideas and practices of teaching and learning.The study has raised a number of questions, regarding currentdemands on school buildings. Problems and qualities of schoolbuildings demands on school buildings, problems and qualitiesof school buildings form the 1950s, 60s and 70s, problems foundand qualities lost in the process of changing such buildings,and the motives of architects involved in the design ofschools.</p><p>In practical terms, the research method has includedobservations of buildings in use, interviews with directors,staff and pupils as well as architects, and the study ofliterature, documents and architectural drawings. Intheoretical terms, different perspectives of architecture havebeen discussed and applied, from the phenomenological approachof Norberg-Schulz to the space syntax theory of Hillier, frompractical, social use of symbolic meaning and aesthetics.Finally, some philosophical themes on art, architecture andsociety, from Dewey, Shusterman, Scruton and Sartre have beenintroduced.</p><p>Partly diverging from the case study model of Yin, the studydoes not simply aim at verifying or falsifying a hypothesis. Ata point in the study, each case is explained in a morenarrative manner. In the final analysis, understanding schoolbuildings in shown to require a multifaceted view. A schoolbuilding must be seen in a historic/political perspective, as atool for teaching and learning and as the life-world ofteachers and pupils. In cases discussed, a school building isalso the object of strong pedagogical or social intensions ofan architect. In other term, a study of school buildings mustbe a study in pragmatist aesthetics.</p><p><b>Keywords:</b>School building, architectural theory, recentsocial history of architecture, intention, experience,pragmatist aesthetics</p>

Thesis (Ed. D.)--Illinois State University, 1973. / Title from title page screen, viewed Oct. 15, 2004. Dissertation Committee: Elwood Egelston (chair), Ben Hubbard, Clayton Thomas, William Arnold, Noel Gill. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 107-111) and abstract. Also available in print.

The purpose of this study was to examine the possible relationships that exist between the overall, structural, and cosmetic school building conditions and student achievement and chronic absenteeism of students who attend urban high schools located in the Commonwealth of Virginia. This study utilized the Revised Commonwealth Appraisal of the Physical Environment (CAPE), for principals of high schools in urban school divisions in the Commonwealth of Virginia, to assess the condition of their school buildings. The Revised CAPE survey measured the educational condition of the school building by accessing elements and features of a school building that research has shown to have an influence on the learning environment (Cash and Earthman, 2019). The school's student academic achievement data for English, mathematics, and science, along with chronic absenteeism data from the Virginia Department of Education (VDOE) was used to investigate if there was a relationship between school building conditions and student achievement and chronic absenteeism. This study sought to answer the following research questions: 1. What is the relationship between the Achievement of All Students in English reading/writing and progress of English learners towards English language proficiency (English Combined Rate) on the Virginia Standards of Learning assessment and the condition of the school building in urban high schools? 2. What is the relationship between the Achievement of All Students in mathematics on the Virginia Standards of Learning assessments and the condition of the school building in urban high schools? 3. What is the relationship between the Achievement of All Students in Science on the Virginia Standards of Learning assessments and the condition of the school building in urban high schools? 4. What is the relationship between chronic absenteeism and the condition of the school building in urban high schools? Research has shown that students who attend school in school buildings that are rated above standard, or standard outperform students in school buildings rated in poor condition (Earthman, 2018) and relationships have been found between poor school building condition and greater school absenteeism (Simon et al., 2010). An ANOVA statistical test was conducted to compare the percent of Schools' Academic Achievement of All Students on the SOL assessments for English, mathematics, and science and chronic absenteeism percentage rates in the schools identified as standard to schools identified as substandard. Findings from this study indicated that the condition of school buildings had a significant relationship with student achievement and chronic absenteeism. Associated implications for practitioners included a need to conduct facility and safety audits, train principals on the impact school building conditions have on student achievement and chronic absenteeism and ensure school buildings are equipped with sufficient safeguards to provide safe learning environments. / Doctor of Education / The purpose of this study was to examine the possible relationships that exist between the overall, structural, and cosmetic school building conditions and student achievement and chronic absenteeism of students who attend urban high schools located in the Commonwealth of Virginia. Eighteen principals across the Commonwealth completed the Revised CAPE survey to assess the condition of their school buildings. The Revised CAPE survey measured the educational condition of the school building by accessing elements and features of a school building that research has shown to have an influence on the learning environment, (Cash and Earthman, 2019). The school's student academic achievement data for English, mathematics, and science, along with chronic absenteeism data from the Virginia Department of Education (VDOE) was used to examine if there was a relationship between school building conditions and student achievement and chronic absenteeism. This study sought to answer the following research questions: 1. What is the relationship between the Academic Achievement of All Students in English reading/writing and progress of English learners towards English language proficiency (English Combined Rate) on the Virginia Standards of Learning assessment and the condition of the school building in urban high schools? 2. What is the relationship between the Academic Achievement of All Students in mathematics on the Virginia Standards of Learning assessments and the condition of the school building in urban high schools? 3. What is the relationship between the Academic Achievement of All Students in Science on the Virginia Standards of Learning assessments and the condition of the school building in urban high schools? 4. What is the relationship between chronic absenteeism and the condition of the school building in urban high schools? Research has shown that students who attend school in school buildings that are rated above standard, or standard outperform students in school buildings rated in poor condition (Earthman, 2018) and relationships have been found between poor school building condition and greater school absenteeism (Simon et al., 2010). Findings from this study showed a significant relationship between the conditions of school buildings and student achievement and chronic absenteeism.

This meta-analytic synthesis of research studies is assembled upon the findings of research conducted within the last 40 years. With the understanding that students spend a considerable amount of time within school buildings, one can hypothesize that the condition of the school building influences student academic achievement. A community of researchers have worked to give credibility to this assumption by providing concrete data in support of this belief, however, some researchers have provided contrary results, thus stalling the progress towards a definitive statement. This study analyzed and compared 81 studies against a criteria for inclusion. Out of the 81 studies analyzed, 30 studies met the criteria and were included in this meta-analytic synthesis in order to answer two research questions. The two research questions investigated in this study are: 1) What are the characteristics of studies that investigated the relationship between school building condition and student achievement? 2) What does research inform educators about the relationship between the school building condition and student academic achievement? The studies included in this meta-analytic syntheses are unique in the methods they used to assess school buildings, how they chose to measure student academic achievement, to what level of education was the focus, how large or how small was the student/school population, what statistical measures were used, and what confounding variables were controlled. These specific characteristics were then separated into categories where the findings were reported quantitatively using percentages to draw conclusions. This study found patterns and trends that are noteworthy to future researchers and educational stakeholders. To a major degree, the assessment instrument used to measure school facilities and the people responsible for completing the assessments are important factors concerning the outcomes of studies. Additionally, the same can be said concerning the size of the student/school population used among studies. The purpose of this meta-analytic synthesis was to synthesize existing research in order to make a definitive statement on behalf of the research community. Following the completion of this analytic synthesis of studies and data gathering process, this study ultimately found that school facility condition positively influences student academic achievement. / EDD / This dissertation is a collection of findings from 30 studies which were conducted on the topic of school facility condition and student academic achievement. In all, 81 studies were located and were compared against a specific criteria. The 30 studies that met the criteria were: written in English, appeared in published or unpublished form after December 31, 1977, focused on public schools in the United States, and used an assessment instrument or survey to measure the overall condition of school facilities. The study was driven by two research questions. The first question asked about similarities and differences among the 30 studies that met the criteria. The characteristics which were investigated involved methodologies of studies, the school facility assessment instruments or surveys used, who administered the assessment instruments or surveys used, sizes of study populations, and the confounding variables used by researchers. The second question focused on the relationship between the condition of school facilities and student academic achievement and presents that information to educators. Findings extracted from all 30 studies were displayed in chart form along with percentages. The patterns and trends reported provides helpful information concerning the relationship between the condition of school facilities and student academic achievement. This study may be helpful to school administrators, school board members, parents, or community members interested in the topic of school facilities.

A tese tem por objeto a produção de prédios escolares efetuada pelo IPESP Instituto de Previdência do Estado de São Paulo com projetos contratados junto aos arquitetos paulistas atuantes na iniciativa privada, entre 1959 e 1962. As recorrentes assertivas da historiografia, relativas ao caráter modelar dos prédios projetados por Vilanova Artigas Ginásios de Itanhaém (1959) e Guarulhos (1960) para a produção enfocada e para a arquitetura paulista em geral, são reexaminadas, em um percurso metodológico que inclui a revisão da historiografia da arquitetura moderna paulista e brasileira. Aprofunda-se neste o quadro teórico e a problematização do tema, a partir dos trabalhos pioneiros dedicados à história da arquitetura escolar de Segawa (1988) e Wolff (1992). Evita-se assim uma abordagem formal da arquitetura escolar paulista, baseada na eleição de modelos e inovações tipológicas, em favor de um olhar que a vê no âmbito dos diferentes projetos de Brasil moderno vigentes no debate político e cultural brasileiro, marcado pelo embate ideológico característico da Guerra Fria. As experiências de planejamento estatal no Brasil configuram um locus privilegiado deste embate, visível também no âmbito da política partidária e eleitoral em que se dá a vitória de Carvalho Pinto nas eleições para o governo do Estado de São Paulo, em 1958. Igualmente reveladora, neste sentido, é a análise comparativa das personalidades de Carvalho Pinto e Juscelino Kubitschek e de seu planejamento, consubstanciado, respectivamente, no PAGE Plano de Ação do Governo do Estado e no Plano de Metas. Analisa-se os distintos papéis ocupados pelos arquitetos nestes planos. Acompanha-se a passagem de um cenário de otimismo para outro de crise institucional, nos agitados anos das gestão de JK (1956 1961) e Carvalho Pinto (1959 1963). As políticas do governo Carvalho Pinto, seu planejamento, encabeçado por Plínio de Arruda Sampaio, proveniente dos quadros da JUC (Juventude Universitária Católica) e desenvolvida por jovens arquitetos atuantes na SAGMACS (Sociedade de Análises Gráficas e Mecanográficas Aplicadas aos Complexos Sociais) é abordada, no que se direciona à questão educacional, especialmente a atuação do arquiteto Celso Lamparelli, que desempenha papel central na criação do FECE (Fundo Estadual de Construções Escolares) e na coordenação dos planos do conjunto de organismos então ligados à educação. São detalhadas as atividades de planejamento do FECE, incluindo levantamentos, definição de critérios de atendimento, elaboração de programas de necessidade, definição de parâmetros dimensionais e condicionantes de projeto, bem como é apontado o caráter polêmico da aplicação de recursos previdenciários na construção de prédios públicos. Ao mesmo tempo, a atenção da tese volta-se à atividade projetual dos arquitetos da iniciativa privada, explorando, a partir da experiência de educadores como Anísio Teixeira e Paschoal Lemme, o conteúdo modernizante dos projetos liberal democrático e revolucionário de escola, igualmente polarizados na arquitetura de Oswaldo Bratke e dos sócios da loja Branco & Preto, de um lado, e Vilanova Artigas, de outro, todos eles cercados por jovens arquitetos. As nuances existentes no interior de cada um desses dois grupos, as filiações e as especificidades das contribuições individuais, as virtudes e vicissitudes em obras de pequeno e de grande porte são perscrutadas através de uma leitura microscópica dos seus projetos executivos e dos processos para cada caso abertos pelo IPESP. Procura-se, assim, aferir os diferentes conteúdos de modernidade, englobados pela produção em questão. / The thesis focuses the production of school buildings by IPESP (Institute for the Welfare of São Paulo State), with projects contracted with the Paulista architects working in the private sector, between 1959 and 1962. The recurring assertions in the historiography, related to the model character of the buildings designed by Vilanova Artigas Secondary Schools of Itanhaém (1959) and Guarulhos (1960) in the production studied and in Paulista architecture in general, are reviewed in a methodological path that includes the review of the Paulista and Brazilian modern architecture historiography. The theoretical framework deepened the discussion of the theme, including the pioneering work in the field of school architecture history by Segawa (1988) and Wolff (1992), avoiding therefore the formal analysis, based in the election of models and typologic innovations, in favor of an approach that conceives this architecture in the scope of the different projects of a modern Brazil, which prevailed in Brazilian cultural debate of the period, marked by the ideological clash typical of the Cold War. The experiences of state planning are a privileged locus of this clash, visible also in the context of party politics in which Carvalho Pinto is elected Governor of São Paulo State, in 1958. Equally revealing, in this sense, is the comparative analysis of Carvalho Pinto\'s and Juscelino Kubitschek\'s personalities and their planning activities, established, respectively, in the PAGE (State Government Action Plan) and the Plano de Metas (Marks Plan). The different roles played by the architects in these plans are analyzed. The transition between an optimistic scenario and another, marked by institutional crisis, in the dynamic years of JK\'s presidential term (1956 - 1961) and Carvalho Pinto\'s government term (1959 - 1963). Carvalho Pinto\'s policies, his planning, led by Plinio de Arruda Sampaio, who came from the JUC (Catholic Universitarian Youth) and developed by young architects working till then in SAGMACS (Society of Graphic and Mecanographic Analysis Applied to Social Complexes) is discussed, in what regards the educational problem, specially the work of architect Celso Lamparelli, who plays a key role in the creation of FECE (State Fund for School Buildings) and in the coordination of the plans of all the State government agencies so dedicated to educational issues. The planning activities of FECE, including surveys, definition of service standards, preparation of architectural programmes, definition of dimensional parameters and design constraints are detailed, as well as is pointed the controversial character of the application of resources destined to the retirement of State public servants in the construction of public buildings. At the same time, the thesis pays attention to the design activity of the private architects, exploring the experience of educators as Anísio Teixeira and Paschoal Lemme, the modernising content of the liberal-democratic and revolutionary projects of school, also polarized in the architecture of Oswaldo Bratke and partners of the Branco & Preto store, on the one hand, and Vilanova Artigas, on the other, all of them surrounded by young architects. The nuances existing in the interior of each of these two groups, the affiliation and the specificities of individual contributions, the virtues and shortcomings in small and large buildings are scrutinized in a microscopic reading of their designs and IPESP documentation files dedicated to each building. The intent is to assess the different contents of modernity, covered by the production in question.

This essay is written about how the physical environment affects teachers’ own learning. The purpose is to see how the teachers’ work is affected by various factors, such as the uses and placement of the teachers’ offices, common room, or any other places where a meeting may occur. The survey was conducted using both interviews and observations of the teacher’s office. For the analysis of both the interviews and the observations we used Design for Learning by Rostvall and Selander (2008). The paper concludes that the physical environment influences learning in many ways. The design of the office and its distance from the common room had an impact on how teachers socialized with each other which is essential for learning to occur. Furthermore, there are other aspects that affect the teachers in how learning can take place in their office, such as how well the Internet works or the noise levels around it. The discussion in the paper is about the importance of teacher’s learning and further development, but also how this study can be applied to other professions.   Keywords: Physical environment, learning, teacher, school building.

New production is not the only thing that is important for the city’s growth. It is also crucial to recover existing buildings in order to create attractive areas. There is a school in Västerås city called Wenströmska skolan which consists of six high schools that provide different professional specializations and which has an area of about 35000 square meters. Due to many different reasons the city has decided to close the school down and any decisions on what to do with the remaining buildings have not yet been made. The aim of this thesis is to develop a proposal on Wenströmska skolan future. The proposal illustrates a vision towards adaptive reuse of school’s buildings based on the district’s needs and the city’s visions for the future. The proposal can be used as inspiration in the larger context or as idea for upcoming decisions regarding Wenströmska skolan. The theoretical part is an overview and compilation of general requirements and rules on availability and technical aspects regarding school buildings design. The pre-study investigates the best alternative which is based on the needs in the district that provides support making the choice of activities. SWOT-analysis helps to define strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats which affect the choice of activities too. New drawings are created in order to illustrate the proposal. Both the buildings and the plot of Wenströmska skolan are used to develop the proposal. The buildings can be adapted to a secondary school in combination with other operations such as sports and health, cultural, music and theater, rooms and areas for children activities, a restaurant with food from different cultures, offices spaces for companies and new residents. The buildings and the plot can also be used as a gathering place. The proposal shows that adoption of the vision may help to raise social values, sustainability and quality of life in the district. The residents would be connected in a way they haven’t been before. / Nyproduktion är inte det enda som är viktigt i en stad som växer utan även befintlig byggnation måste tillvaratags för att skapa attraktiva områden. I stadsdelen Vallby i Västerås är Wenströmska skolan belägen. Skolan har en yta på cirka 35 000 kvadratmeter och bedriver gymnasieverksamheter som består av sex mindre gymnasieskolor med olika yrkesinriktningar. Av olika skäl har kommunen bestämt att lägga ned skolan där utflyttningen fortfarande är under process sedan år 2013 och beräknas vara klar år 2017; något beslut om vad som ska göras med den kvarstående byggnaden har ännu inte fattats. Syftet med detta arbete är att ta fram ett förslag på möjligheter för ändrad verksamhet för Wenströmska skolan där en anpassning till en högstadieskola i kombination med övriga verksamheter ska göras. Förslaget illustrerar en vision över de möjligheter som finns för byggnadens framtid utifrån stadsdelens behov och stadens framtidsvisioner. Förslaget kan användas som inspirationskälla i större sammanhang vid ett beslut om byggnadens framtid och användningsmöjligheter. Arbetet består av bland annat en litteraturstudie som handlar om skolbyggnaders utformning och var till hjälp vid planering av en ny skolverksamhet. Utifrån den grundläggande litteraturstudien skapades förståelse vid uppbyggnad av en skolverksamhet med hänsyn till skolbyggnaders funktioner och utrymmen, tillgänglighet och tekniska aspekter som ljud, ljus, luft samt brand och säkerhet. För skolbyggnader handlar det mest om hur anpassningen för tillgänglighet och användbarhet för personer med nedsatt rörelse- och orienteringsförmåga ska utvecklas. Skolbyggnader ses som arbetslokaler och här ska både elever och anställda som vistas i lokalen ha rätt till god arbetsmiljö där trivsel, tillgänglighet och användbarhet är tre viktiga begrepp. Arbetet består även av en förstudie som gick ut på att göra ett platsbesök i skolbyggnaden, utföra studier och analyser samt en materialinsamling hos Stadsbyggnadskontoret i Västerås för tillgång av bland annat ritningar. Platsbesöket gav en uppfattning av dagsläget som skapade en vision till nya utformningsmöjligheter. Behovsstudien belyser stadsdelens olika behov och utgör ett beslutsunderlag vid val av verksamheter. Objektet behandlas i dagsläget och med hjälp av en nulägesanalys i form av SWOT-analyser analyseras både skolbyggnaden och omkringliggande områden där dess styrkor, svagheter, möjligheter och hot tags fram. Denna analys skapar en överblick över nuläget och ligger som underlag för arbetet. De befintliga ritningarna över skolbyggnaden låg som grund vid framtagande av nya skisser på alternativa planlösningar med hänsyn till fastställda förutsättningar. En lång skissprocess resulterade slutligen i färdiga förslagsritningar. Arbetet studerar hur skolbyggnader bör utformas och hur den befintliga byggnaden kan anpassas till en ny högstadieskola samt vilka förutsättningar som finns för att uppnå detta. Den nya utformningen av byggnaden ska gynna stadsdelsborna efter de behov som finns samt koppla samman omgivande stadsdelar genom en naturlig samlingsplats för social integration och livskraft. Utifrån de möjligheter och tillgångar som behövs för att skapa en hållbar och livskraftig stadsdelsmiljö studeras omgivningen och närområdet för att ta fram de behov som finns. De mötespunkter som skapas ska främja utbyte och mångfald både kulturellt och socialt. A-byggnaden uppfyller de krav som krävs för att en skolverksamhet och därför kan en del av byggnaden anpassas till en ny grundskola med årskurserna sex till nio. A-byggnaden innehåller de viktigaste delarna en skola behöver såsom idrottshall, aula och matsal; resterande yta går enkelt att anpassa till klassrumsbehovet och övriga utrymmen för en elevmängd på cirka 500 till 600 elever. En skolbyggnad ska utformas med hänsyn till själva skolverksamheten eftersom undervisningsämnena skiljer sig mellan olika skolverksamheter. En ytterligare viktig punkt i hur en skolbyggnad bör utformas är tillgängligheten och användbarheten för personer med nedsatt rörelse- och orienteringsförmåga. Det är viktigt att skolbyggnadens alla utrymmen och funktioner är utformade efter de minimikrav som gäller så att alla elever och lärare kan röra sig i byggnaden utan hinder och problem. Även god arbetsmiljö måste råda för både elever och lärare; vid utformning av skolbyggnader måste hänsyn tags till tekniska aspekter som påverkar välbefinnandet, undervisningen och inlärningsförmågan. För att byggnaden ska bidra de omgivande stadsdelarna en naturlig samlingsplats för social integration och livskraft måste de omgivande mångkulturella stadsdelarna kopplas samman och förenas med gemensamma intressen. Byggnadens olika funktioner kommer även att skapa mötespunkter som främjar utbyte och mångfald både kulturellt och socialt; omgivningen är mångkulturell med olika målgrupper där studenter och ungdomar, barnfamiljer och äldre är bosatta. En viktig utgångspunkt för de möjligheter och tillgångar som behövs för att skapa en hållbar och livskraftig stadsdelsmiljö är stadsdelens behov. Stadsdelens behov är bland annat skola, idrott och hälsa, mat, boenden av olika slag, kultur- och föreningsliv samt möjligheter för verksamheter i form av kontorsytor och lokaler. Omgivningen består av blandad bebyggelse och kultur med närområden som består av mångkulturella stadsdelar vilket innebär en anpassning till olika målgrupper som i sin tur bidrar till många möjligheter. Området har en stor del odefinierade ytor utan funktion vilket gör att området har stor potential att utvecklas och förtätas.

A tese tem por objeto a produção de prédios escolares efetuada pelo IPESP Instituto de Previdência do Estado de São Paulo com projetos contratados junto aos arquitetos paulistas atuantes na iniciativa privada, entre 1959 e 1962. As recorrentes assertivas da historiografia, relativas ao caráter modelar dos prédios projetados por Vilanova Artigas Ginásios de Itanhaém (1959) e Guarulhos (1960) para a produção enfocada e para a arquitetura paulista em geral, são reexaminadas, em um percurso metodológico que inclui a revisão da historiografia da arquitetura moderna paulista e brasileira. Aprofunda-se neste o quadro teórico e a problematização do tema, a partir dos trabalhos pioneiros dedicados à história da arquitetura escolar de Segawa (1988) e Wolff (1992). Evita-se assim uma abordagem formal da arquitetura escolar paulista, baseada na eleição de modelos e inovações tipológicas, em favor de um olhar que a vê no âmbito dos diferentes projetos de Brasil moderno vigentes no debate político e cultural brasileiro, marcado pelo embate ideológico característico da Guerra Fria. As experiências de planejamento estatal no Brasil configuram um locus privilegiado deste embate, visível também no âmbito da política partidária e eleitoral em que se dá a vitória de Carvalho Pinto nas eleições para o governo do Estado de São Paulo, em 1958. Igualmente reveladora, neste sentido, é a análise comparativa das personalidades de Carvalho Pinto e Juscelino Kubitschek e de seu planejamento, consubstanciado, respectivamente, no PAGE Plano de Ação do Governo do Estado e no Plano de Metas. Analisa-se os distintos papéis ocupados pelos arquitetos nestes planos. Acompanha-se a passagem de um cenário de otimismo para outro de crise institucional, nos agitados anos das gestão de JK (1956 1961) e Carvalho Pinto (1959 1963). As políticas do governo Carvalho Pinto, seu planejamento, encabeçado por Plínio de Arruda Sampaio, proveniente dos quadros da JUC (Juventude Universitária Católica) e desenvolvida por jovens arquitetos atuantes na SAGMACS (Sociedade de Análises Gráficas e Mecanográficas Aplicadas aos Complexos Sociais) é abordada, no que se direciona à questão educacional, especialmente a atuação do arquiteto Celso Lamparelli, que desempenha papel central na criação do FECE (Fundo Estadual de Construções Escolares) e na coordenação dos planos do conjunto de organismos então ligados à educação. São detalhadas as atividades de planejamento do FECE, incluindo levantamentos, definição de critérios de atendimento, elaboração de programas de necessidade, definição de parâmetros dimensionais e condicionantes de projeto, bem como é apontado o caráter polêmico da aplicação de recursos previdenciários na construção de prédios públicos. Ao mesmo tempo, a atenção da tese volta-se à atividade projetual dos arquitetos da iniciativa privada, explorando, a partir da experiência de educadores como Anísio Teixeira e Paschoal Lemme, o conteúdo modernizante dos projetos liberal democrático e revolucionário de escola, igualmente polarizados na arquitetura de Oswaldo Bratke e dos sócios da loja Branco & Preto, de um lado, e Vilanova Artigas, de outro, todos eles cercados por jovens arquitetos. As nuances existentes no interior de cada um desses dois grupos, as filiações e as especificidades das contribuições individuais, as virtudes e vicissitudes em obras de pequeno e de grande porte são perscrutadas através de uma leitura microscópica dos seus projetos executivos e dos processos para cada caso abertos pelo IPESP. Procura-se, assim, aferir os diferentes conteúdos de modernidade, englobados pela produção em questão. / The thesis focuses the production of school buildings by IPESP (Institute for the Welfare of São Paulo State), with projects contracted with the Paulista architects working in the private sector, between 1959 and 1962. The recurring assertions in the historiography, related to the model character of the buildings designed by Vilanova Artigas Secondary Schools of Itanhaém (1959) and Guarulhos (1960) in the production studied and in Paulista architecture in general, are reviewed in a methodological path that includes the review of the Paulista and Brazilian modern architecture historiography. The theoretical framework deepened the discussion of the theme, including the pioneering work in the field of school architecture history by Segawa (1988) and Wolff (1992), avoiding therefore the formal analysis, based in the election of models and typologic innovations, in favor of an approach that conceives this architecture in the scope of the different projects of a modern Brazil, which prevailed in Brazilian cultural debate of the period, marked by the ideological clash typical of the Cold War. The experiences of state planning are a privileged locus of this clash, visible also in the context of party politics in which Carvalho Pinto is elected Governor of São Paulo State, in 1958. Equally revealing, in this sense, is the comparative analysis of Carvalho Pinto\'s and Juscelino Kubitschek\'s personalities and their planning activities, established, respectively, in the PAGE (State Government Action Plan) and the Plano de Metas (Marks Plan). The different roles played by the architects in these plans are analyzed. The transition between an optimistic scenario and another, marked by institutional crisis, in the dynamic years of JK\'s presidential term (1956 - 1961) and Carvalho Pinto\'s government term (1959 - 1963). Carvalho Pinto\'s policies, his planning, led by Plinio de Arruda Sampaio, who came from the JUC (Catholic Universitarian Youth) and developed by young architects working till then in SAGMACS (Society of Graphic and Mecanographic Analysis Applied to Social Complexes) is discussed, in what regards the educational problem, specially the work of architect Celso Lamparelli, who plays a key role in the creation of FECE (State Fund for School Buildings) and in the coordination of the plans of all the State government agencies so dedicated to educational issues. The planning activities of FECE, including surveys, definition of service standards, preparation of architectural programmes, definition of dimensional parameters and design constraints are detailed, as well as is pointed the controversial character of the application of resources destined to the retirement of State public servants in the construction of public buildings. At the same time, the thesis pays attention to the design activity of the private architects, exploring the experience of educators as Anísio Teixeira and Paschoal Lemme, the modernising content of the liberal-democratic and revolutionary projects of school, also polarized in the architecture of Oswaldo Bratke and partners of the Branco & Preto store, on the one hand, and Vilanova Artigas, on the other, all of them surrounded by young architects. The nuances existing in the interior of each of these two groups, the affiliation and the specificities of individual contributions, the virtues and shortcomings in small and large buildings are scrutinized in a microscopic reading of their designs and IPESP documentation files dedicated to each building. The intent is to assess the different contents of modernity, covered by the production in question.