If the future citizens of tomorrow are to be educated, they must have, for one thing, at least, buildings in which to supply their needs adequately. This study is made with the realization that the physical plant does not make a good school, but with the idea that it does help a great deal.

Thesis use principles of play to reconstruct school building realized in the second half of the 20th Century. More broadly it deals with current state and conditions for reconstruction of modernist school buildings in Slovakia. According to Huizinga, play as such is older than culture and was a factor that stimulated the creation of culture and assumed the formation of human society. Free play is an instinct, a fundamental right, inherent in children, and a developed mechanism for acquiring skills and promoting learning. In the early 20th century, in a context marked by the horrors of war and the experience of the wild industrialization of the 19th century, society began to focus on the rights and education of children. This change in approach to childhood and children in general has been transcribed into theoretical and practical forms of architecture, from the scale of urbanism to the scale of an element of public space or domestic space. The concept of play began to penetrate into forms of education. In connection with urban transformation and housing construction playground have been created, which function should be the one of an institutionalized space education, but also of security or control. The same principles of control were also included in the architecture of other institutions such as schools. Project understands reconstruction of the school building not only as its annex or aesthetization but rather as reconfiguration and reinterpretation of its former principles.

This thesis solves the construction area of High school building in Ustí nad Orlicí deals with the main building of the complex. The High school will be located in the district town of Ustí nad Orlicí, in the district on Štěpnice, this is a developing area on the outskirts of town. The building will serve as a high school facilities, with a capacity of 360 students and 20 teachers and 10 other staff. The main building of High school is designed as a three-storey building, its shape resembles the letter T with a smaller spur of handstand. The building is roofed single-roof with vegetative planting. The building is built of structural system POROTHERM masonry blocks with precise thin cleft. Ceiling design floors form the hollow prestressed ceiling panels Spiroll from Goldbeck over the main entrance consists of reinforced concrete ceiling construction cross reinforcement plate, then the ceiling structure made of suspended ceiling drywall. Dominating the lecture hall buildings form a stepped podium staircase and from outside the auditorium finish of brick strips Klinker, located above the main entrance to the building. The building is adapted for wheelchair use. Work includes documentation and drawing part, that is handled as a detailed documentation.

This diploma project deals with a problematic area called Black Meadow in Ostrava. It proposes a school building which is located on the edge between the city centre and the greenery by the river. The shape of the building creates two courtyards. The entrance courtyard is open to the park and the second courtyard is oriented to the city.

No description available.

No description available.

O Colégio de Aplicação Pedagógica da Universidade Estadual de Maringá (CAP/UEM) fazia parte de um projeto de âmbito nacional criado na década de 1990, os Centros de Atenção Integral à Criança e ao Adolescente - CAIC´s. O projeto inicial é de autoria do arquiteto João Filgueiras Lima, Lelé, reconhecido pela preocupação com o conforto ambiental dos usuários em suas obras. Em geral, sabe-se que os alunos têm uma melhor qualidade no aprendizado quando os espaços estão bem ventilados, iluminados e silenciosos. Sendo assim, este trabalho tem como objetivo avaliar o conforto térmico no edifício do CAP/UEM verificando o desempenho das estratégias passivas para proporcionar conforto térmico, a sensação térmica dos usuários e aferindo o desempenho de uma estratégia, sugerida pelo arquiteto Lelé em entrevista a autora, para melhoria do comportamento térmico da cobertura. A metodologia proposta consiste, inicialmente, em um levantamento de dados que se destaca pela entrevista com o arquiteto. Após, foi feita uma análise projetual para a identificação e caracterização das soluções passivas de conforto e a verificação do funcionamento destas no âmbito de projeto. Para verificar a eficiência destas estratégias foi aplicado o método dos Votos Médios Preditos (PMV), que envolve medições das variáveis ambientais concomitantemente com aplicação de questionários aos alunos no período de verão. Além disso, ainda foi avaliado o desempenho térmico da cobertura, através de medições de temperaturas superficiais internas e externas comparadas entre três salas de aula: uma inalterada, outra lavada e a terceira, lavada e pintada de branco, sugestão do arquiteto Lelé para melhorar o desempenho térmico do edifício. Os resultados indicaram que a cobertura do prédio ocasiona grande ganho térmico e insatisfação dos usuários praticamente o tempo todo, prejudicando as condições de conforto no interior do edifício. Esse alto grau de desconforto pode ser explicado pela falta de manutenção e a pouca inércia térmica do sistema, principalmente da cobertura. A pintura do telhado de branco se mostrou eficiente para diminuir o calor que entra pela cobertura, ressaltando a importância da temperatura radiante para promoção das condições de conforto térmico nas salas de aula. / The Pedagogical College of the State University of Maringá (CAP/UEM) was part of a nationwide project created in the 1990s, the Centres for the Integral Care to Children and Adolescents - CAIC\'s. The initial design was concived by the architect João Filgueiras Lima (a.k.a. Lelé), acknowledged for his concern for the environmental comfort of users in his work. In general, it is known that the students have a better quality of learning when the spaces are well chilled, lighted and quiet. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the thermal comfort in the building of the CAP/UEM checking the performance of passive strategies of thermal comfort, thermal sensation of users and verifying the performance of a strategy, suggested by the architect Lelé in an interview for the author, to improve the thermal performance of the roof. The proposed methodology consists, initially, in a collection of the datas that stands out from the interview with the architect. Afterwards, it was made an analysis projectual in order to identify passive solutions to obtain thermal comfort, at the same time, to verify the work system of this project. To check the efficiency of these strategies it was apllied the Predicted Mean Vote Method (PMV), that envolve measurements of environmental variables concurrently with questionnaires applied to students during the summer time. Futher there, it was analized the thermal performance of the roof, throught out indoor and outdoor superficial temperature measurements, compared between three classrooms: one untouchable, another washed and the third one washed and white painted, suggested by the architect Lelé to improve thermal comfort of the building. The results indicate that the roof of the building causes huge thermal gain and unsatisfaction of the users all the time, damaging the comfort conditions within the building. This high level of uncomfortable can be explained by the lack of maintenance and the low thermal inertia of the system, especially the roof. The white paint of the roof has shown efficient to reduce the heating coming throughout the roof, highlighting the importance of radiant temperature for promotion of thermal comfort conditions in classrooms.

O comportamento do usuário afeta o impacto ambiental gerado durante a fase de uso das edificações e de produtos em geral. O Design para o Comportamento Sustentável (DCS) é uma abordagem que visa tornar o comportamento do usuário mais sustentável através do design do produto. Apesar de estar sendo estudada principalmente nas duas últimas décadas, poucos estudos examinam a eficácia dessa abordagem e a aplicam em edificações escolares. A aplicação de estratégias de DCS em edificações escolares pode trazer benefícios, uma vez que as crianças têm influência no ambiente em que estão inseridas e no comportamento dos adultos ao seu redor. O objetivo deste estudo é propor e avaliar uma solução desenvolvida a partir de estratégias de DCS para criar um ambiente escolar que torne o comportamento do usuário mais sustentável. Primeiramente, os comportamentos que afetam o impacto ambiental nas edificações escolares foram identificados. Após, um kit de adesivos para sanitários (EcoSticker) foi proposto e implementado em duas escolas. O consumo de recursos (energia, papel higiênico, papel toalha e sabão) antes e após a intervenção foi medido. Posteriormente, entrevistas, questionários e um workshop foram realizados para entender melhor os dados de consumo coletados e a percepção dos usuários sobre o kit. O consumo de energia diminuiu nas duas escolas, demonstrando que o EcoSticker pode alterar positivamente o comportamento do usuário. A partir deste trabalho foram obtidos os potenciais benefícios e limitações da aplicação de estratégias de DCS em edificações escolares. / The user behaviour affects the environmental impact generated during the usage phase of buildings and products in general. Design for Sustainable Behaviour (DfSB) is an approach that focus on influence users to behave more sustainably through the product design. Although it has received attention particularly in the last two decades, few studies examined the effectiveness of such approach and apply it on school buildings. The application of DfSB strategies in school buildings can bring some benefits, once children have influence on their environment and on how adults behave. The goal of this study is to propose and test an artefact developed according to the DfSB strategies to create a school environment that leads to a more sustainable behaviour. First, behaviours on school buildings that affect the environmental impact were identified. Then, a toolkit for washrooms (EcoSticker) was proposed and implemented in two schools. The resources consumption (energy, toilet paper, paper towel and soap) prior and after the intervention was measured. Afterwards, interviews, questionnaires and a workshop were carried out to further understand the consumption data collected and users’ perception of the toolkit. The consumption of energy have decreased in both schools, demonstrating that the EcoSticker toolkit can change user behaviour positively. At the end, the potential benefits and constrains in applying DfSB strategies on school buildings were discussed.

學校建築佔用最大宗的教育經費與投資，故實施學校建築用後評估，至為重要。台北市尚未有高中對學校建築進行全面用後評估，因此本研究選擇以南湖高中學校建築用後評估為主題。 本研究之目的包含:探討學校建築整體規劃與用後評估之理念與範疇;探究臺北市立南湖高中學校建築整體規劃的理念與過程；研析其學校建築新建完成後的使用情形與使用者的滿意程度；最後提出用後評估的建議，以作為日後改進之參考依據。 本研究使用的研究方法包括文件分析、訪談、調查、觀察等四種方法。以文件分析明瞭南湖高中學校建築之規劃理念。觀察校園內7處定點，訪談南湖高中校長、秘書、主任、教師等7人，以明瞭學校建築使用的情況。問卷調查學生113人，以描述統計、t考驗、F考驗等方法，比較學生在不同性別與不同年級間對學校建築滿意度的差異。 所得研究結論如下:南湖高中學校建築整體規劃的理念以整體性、教育性、舒適性與前瞻性為主。各項設施空間使用情形良好，符合規劃機能與預期效果。教師對壯觀的造型、齊備的教學空間與設施、多樣的活動空間與動靜分明的區分、流暢的動線等項目，尤感滿意。學生對教學空間的大小與使用滿意度最高，性別之間滿意度差異小，各項空間的使用滿意度一、二年級分別高於三年級。師生對使用現況的建議多屬修繕維護與使用行為事項。 本研究依據研究結論，提出建議如下:應推動學校建築用後評估；重視規劃之整體性、教育性、舒適性、與前瞻性；加強部分設施的管理與維護；發展圖書館為教學資源中心；鼓勵教師更充分使用優良的教學設施。以及對後續研究的建議等。 / The purpose of this research is to explore the notions of the total school building planning and the Post-occupancy Evaluation. Illustrated by Taipei Municipal Nanhu High school, the research has inquired into Nanhu High School’s concepts of total school building planning, the space usage condition and user satisfactory. The goal is to propose suggestions for the future use and the improvement. This research is conducted through document analysis, focus interviews, student questionnaire, and campus observation. The conclusions this research has reached and suggestions provided are as follows: (1) ‘The wholeness’, ‘educational’, ‘the comfortableness’ and ‘the foresightedness’ are the main concepts of the total school building planning of Nanhu High School. (2) Each facility and space are well-utilized, conforming to the purpose of design and reaching the planned efficiency. (3) The teachers are significantly satisfied by the spectacular exterior, all-ready teaching spaces plus facilities, various activity spaces, the clear division of mobility and immobility, and the efficient routes. (4) The students are the most satisfied by the size and the usage of the learning space. There is little difference in the satisfactory by gender. The freshmen and the juniors (Year Ten and Year Eleven) reach higher satisfactory of the space usage than the seniors (Year Twelve) in every item. (5) Most of the suggestions from the teachers and the students are about the maintenance and user behaviors. Ultimately, this research, based on the findings and conclusions of the study, proposes following suggestions: (1) It is advised and encouraged to apply Post-occupancy Evaluation. (2) The school building planning should value the wholeness, the educational-ness, the comfortableness and the foresightedness. (3) School should enhance the management and maintenance of certain facilities. (4) School library should develop into the teaching and learning resource centre. (5) Teachers are encouraged to proficiently utilize school’s high quality facilities.

O Colégio de Aplicação Pedagógica da Universidade Estadual de Maringá (CAP/UEM) fazia parte de um projeto de âmbito nacional criado na década de 1990, os Centros de Atenção Integral à Criança e ao Adolescente - CAIC´s. O projeto inicial é de autoria do arquiteto João Filgueiras Lima, Lelé, reconhecido pela preocupação com o conforto ambiental dos usuários em suas obras. Em geral, sabe-se que os alunos têm uma melhor qualidade no aprendizado quando os espaços estão bem ventilados, iluminados e silenciosos. Sendo assim, este trabalho tem como objetivo avaliar o conforto térmico no edifício do CAP/UEM verificando o desempenho das estratégias passivas para proporcionar conforto térmico, a sensação térmica dos usuários e aferindo o desempenho de uma estratégia, sugerida pelo arquiteto Lelé em entrevista a autora, para melhoria do comportamento térmico da cobertura. A metodologia proposta consiste, inicialmente, em um levantamento de dados que se destaca pela entrevista com o arquiteto. Após, foi feita uma análise projetual para a identificação e caracterização das soluções passivas de conforto e a verificação do funcionamento destas no âmbito de projeto. Para verificar a eficiência destas estratégias foi aplicado o método dos Votos Médios Preditos (PMV), que envolve medições das variáveis ambientais concomitantemente com aplicação de questionários aos alunos no período de verão. Além disso, ainda foi avaliado o desempenho térmico da cobertura, através de medições de temperaturas superficiais internas e externas comparadas entre três salas de aula: uma inalterada, outra lavada e a terceira, lavada e pintada de branco, sugestão do arquiteto Lelé para melhorar o desempenho térmico do edifício. Os resultados indicaram que a cobertura do prédio ocasiona grande ganho térmico e insatisfação dos usuários praticamente o tempo todo, prejudicando as condições de conforto no interior do edifício. Esse alto grau de desconforto pode ser explicado pela falta de manutenção e a pouca inércia térmica do sistema, principalmente da cobertura. A pintura do telhado de branco se mostrou eficiente para diminuir o calor que entra pela cobertura, ressaltando a importância da temperatura radiante para promoção das condições de conforto térmico nas salas de aula. / The Pedagogical College of the State University of Maringá (CAP/UEM) was part of a nationwide project created in the 1990s, the Centres for the Integral Care to Children and Adolescents - CAIC\'s. The initial design was concived by the architect João Filgueiras Lima (a.k.a. Lelé), acknowledged for his concern for the environmental comfort of users in his work. In general, it is known that the students have a better quality of learning when the spaces are well chilled, lighted and quiet. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the thermal comfort in the building of the CAP/UEM checking the performance of passive strategies of thermal comfort, thermal sensation of users and verifying the performance of a strategy, suggested by the architect Lelé in an interview for the author, to improve the thermal performance of the roof. The proposed methodology consists, initially, in a collection of the datas that stands out from the interview with the architect. Afterwards, it was made an analysis projectual in order to identify passive solutions to obtain thermal comfort, at the same time, to verify the work system of this project. To check the efficiency of these strategies it was apllied the Predicted Mean Vote Method (PMV), that envolve measurements of environmental variables concurrently with questionnaires applied to students during the summer time. Futher there, it was analized the thermal performance of the roof, throught out indoor and outdoor superficial temperature measurements, compared between three classrooms: one untouchable, another washed and the third one washed and white painted, suggested by the architect Lelé to improve thermal comfort of the building. The results indicate that the roof of the building causes huge thermal gain and unsatisfaction of the users all the time, damaging the comfort conditions within the building. This high level of uncomfortable can be explained by the lack of maintenance and the low thermal inertia of the system, especially the roof. The white paint of the roof has shown efficient to reduce the heating coming throughout the roof, highlighting the importance of radiant temperature for promotion of thermal comfort conditions in classrooms.