Master of Science

Recent research suggests that 60 % of quantified plate waste in school canteens was caused by only 20 % of students. This finding indicates a large potential for minimising plate waste through better-tailored interventions targeting individuals with a high-waste profile. This study uses the triangulation of three methods that combine both qualitative and quantitative approaches to answer the following two research questions: (1) “Which characteristics and behavioural patterns correlate with high plate waste generation?” and (2) “What derivations can be drawn from these findings to inform better-tailored conceptualisations of interventions to decrease plate waste?”. To investigate the relationship between plate waste generation and the parameters “age”, “sex”, “foreign background”, “educational background of parents”, “extroversion” and “group dynamics”, a correlation analysis has been conducted with food waste and school data on the national level and complemented with a correlation analysis on the local level based on observation data collected at five schools in the municipality of Uppsala. These findings were put in context with additional insights won through interviews with canteen staff at the same five schools. Each parameter was evaluated by combining the results of the applied methods as far as applicable. The strongest correlation was found for the parameter “age”, indicating that older students cause more plate waste. The findings for students’ sex on the local level are especially interesting because, in contrast to the national trend and results from previous research, male students were found to waste more than females. The parameter “foreign background” could be assigned with tendencies for a positive and “educational background of parents” with tendencies for a negative correlation with plate waste generation but both warrant further investigation due to limited assessability in the scope of this study. Students’ degrees of extroversion and the presence of group dynamics appear to be correlated and tend to result in higher amounts of plate waste. It was found that strong individuals with a “leader”-character, who tend to be located on the more extroverted side of the scale, can exert a strong influence on other students’ eating decisions. This peer pressure appears to be especially strong among female students and increase with age. Based on these findings, future interventions are recommended to focus on: students from 6th grade onwards (potentially with a special focus on upper secondary schools), female students (not because of the results for the parameter “sex” but due to peer pressure having the strongest effect among girls), facilitating a better understanding of ingredients (especially if students are not familiar with Swedish cuisine or come from a household with a smaller diversity in what is typically eaten), increasing the involvement of parents in shaping sustainable eating habits and pedagogical work to raise students’ awareness of how their words can impact others and to strengthen them to stand up against peer pressures.

This study looked at how cholesterol levels of students, ages 11-15, who participated in the NSLP and the SBP would be affected compared with those students who only participated in the NSLP. Fasting blood samples (lOmL) were analyzed from 15 students who ate lunch only (L) and 15 students who ate both breakfast and lunch (BL) from the Driver Middle School food service at least 3 times a week. Blood was analyzed for changes in total cholesterol, HDL, LDL, and Triglycerides from baseline to 4 months. Results showed a significant decrease in total cholesterol and LDL, and a significant increase in triglycerides from baseline to 4 months in both the L group and the BL group. This may be attributable to hormone levels during sexual maturation in prepubescent and pubescent students. / Department of Family and Consumer Sciences

p. 1-129 / Submitted by Santiago Fabio (fabio.ssantiago@hotmail.com) on 2013-04-08T19:17:16Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao AMANDA VALENTE 2009 SEG.pdf: 777548 bytes, checksum: ee01485b4903ccc4ec8ffc160482e253 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Rodrigo Meirelles(rodrigomei@ufba.br) on 2013-04-09T13:15:56Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao AMANDA VALENTE 2009 SEG.pdf: 777548 bytes, checksum: ee01485b4903ccc4ec8ffc160482e253 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-04-09T13:15:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao AMANDA VALENTE 2009 SEG.pdf: 777548 bytes, checksum: ee01485b4903ccc4ec8ffc160482e253 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009 / A América Latina, apesar da transição socioeconômica, ainda concentra elevados níveis de pobreza e fome. Isto aumenta a desigualdade e as suas consequências sobre os estudantes da educação básica. Este artigo desenvolve um diálogo entre as diferentes estruturas do Programa de Alimentação Escolar (PAE) em alguns países latino-americanos. O objetivo é contribuir para um aprofundamento das questões que envolvem a alimentação escolar como um direito humano. Seis países foram selecionados para a amostra (Brasil, Chile, Cuba, México, Panamá e Uruguai), considerando o Índice de Desenvolvimento Humano (IDH), o engajamento destes países na área da alimentação escolar e a disponibilidade de informações oficiais e estudos científicos na área. A estratégia de revisão incluiu a investigação documental em fonte de origem governamental e não governamental, em páginas eletrônicas e bases científicas. As seguintes categorias foram consideradas na análise dos programas: 1.objetivos; 2.beneficiários; 3.tipo de cobertura; 4.tipo de benefício; 5.modelo de gestão e de participação e controle social; 6.sistemas de avaliação da implementação. Os resultados mostram que os programas são similares quanto aos objetivos ao atender às necessidades nutricionais dos escolares, incentivando a promoção de práticas alimentares saudáveis e reduzir a evasão escolar. A cobertura geralmente se concentra nos estudantes em situação de risco social. Apenas o Brasil formaliza a participação e o controle social do PAE, por meio do Conselho de Alimentação Escolar. Na maioria das situações consideradas, os programas são centralizados sob a gestão do Ministério da Educação. Somente Brasil e México adotam o modelo de descentralização. Finalmente, os resultados desta análise revelam que os programas ainda são carentes de mecanismos de monitoramento e avaliação de processos e resultados. As melhorias nesta área são relevantes para que os programas possam garantir a alimentação escolar como um direito universal. / Salvador

The aim of this diploma thesis was to evaluate the eating habits of students at a grammar school. We directly monitored students of the first, third, fifth and seventh year of an eight-year grammar school in Trebon during the academic year 2010/2011. The research can be divided into several parts. The first part of this work consists of evaluating the nutritional quality of lunches of selected micronutrients and macronutrients and comparison with the standard requirements for the age brackets. The second part is focused on the diversity of diets in terms of representation of individual foods and meals. These data were compared with the recommended consumption basket. In the third part I monitored eating habits of students by using a questionnaire survey. In the fourth part there is a comparison of BMI values of individual pupils at the beginning and at the end of the school year, including the assignment of percentile. The hypothesis test was evaluated in the fifth part of this thesis. Regarding to the analysis of the various menus was found that annual energy intake from lunch of the students in the first and third year of a grammar school was less than the recommended values. By the contrast this is met by students in the fifth and seventh year of an eight-year grammar school. Annual protein intake from lunch in all classes reached the high value. Fat intake by the students in the first and the third year was in a range of the recommended standards. A slight increase of the macronutrients was found out in meal of students in the fifth and seventh year. The daily recommended intake of carbohydrate was in the average year-round directly lower; about 3,3% the first class, 3,6% the third class and 2,05% the seventh class. Lunch in the fifth year of an eight-year grammar school achieved the desired quantity. The analysis also shows that the intake of dietary fibre was at all four classes of students in sufficient quantities. The intake of calcium in all classes was lower than the recommended standard. The intake of magnesium was higher in all classes than is recommended. Lunch of students in all classes contains a sufficient representation of other minerals. The daily recommended intake of vitamin A in all classes was higher than the given recommended valueThe daily recommended dose of vitamin C was received in the amount of 108% in the first class, 117% in the third, 128,4% in the fifth, 125,6% in the seventh. According to the research vitamin B6 and B12 was received in excess. By comparing the diversity of menus was found that the consumption of yeast soup fails. Pulses soups were represented by the standard. This research also discovered the lack of meat-less/vegetarian meals, chicken and pulses meals. On the other hand fried, sweet meals and pork meat was chosen very often. It should be noted that diversity is influenced by the students themselves, by their choice at all. The survey shows that there is the same amount of students who have breakfast and the same amount of those who don´t. The eating of morning and afternoon snacks is likely rare. Student who took part in this survey also pointed out that they have lunch regularly in the school canteen. Nobody mention his/her distaste to daily consumption of fruit or vegetables. The fluid intake was inadequate in most cases. BMI for most students is in the norm. There is only a minimum of respondents with low weight, overweight or obese. Hypothesis testing has not shown that the missing breakfast causes higher BMI. The level of eating at the eight-year grammar school measured in the studied canteen corresponds to the most evaluated parameters to the nutritional requirements of children's ages. Consumer basket is filled, but the variety of the menu is influenced by the consumers themselves.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-18T21:31:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 4 Ana Cristina Medeiros Moreira1.pdf: 86814 bytes, checksum: 45364eada4d323c3b88223d4d2010595 (MD5) Ana Cristina Medeiros Moreira2.pdf: 477418 bytes, checksum: c0c3f53cd7f795fdd30d68e2cb029106 (MD5) Ana Cristina Medeiros Moreira3.pdf: 769917 bytes, checksum: 80bc96a991d0a6acb2196d19d4ecb708 (MD5) Ana Cristina Medeiros Moreira4.pdf: 3240134 bytes, checksum: 603494a4692126e11b7c1b137cd21cc4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-08-15 / Fundo Mackenzie de Pesquisa / The changes in alimentary behavior that are occurring in our society have been promoting a deep impact on the health outlook of the brazilian people, causing a representative increase of non transmissible chronic diseases that are associated to the more common death causes nowadays. These changes have equally affected children. The incidence of infantile obesity has triplicated in last three decades. School has been presented as an outstanding space for promoting health, including formation of healthy alimentary habits. The study aims to know the performance of the Municipal School of Infantile Education (São Paulo) facing the challenge of nutritional education, considering the infantile obesity issue from the observation of school lunch, educational school projects, and teachers' knowledge degree and effective actions on the matter. The paper was characterized by an exploratory and participative study, with a methodological approach of qualitative research. The target population was a sample of approximately 400 students and 14 teachers. Diaries with personal registers, interview with pedagogic coordinator, field observation, questionnaire applied to teachers, photographies and videos were all used. An analysis of anthropometric data of children was conducted, by using the Epiinfo applicable. In the school lunch, the matter of lack of variety in the provided menu was stressed. From qualitative and sensory aspect (taste and appearance) viewpoint, the meal presented greater adequacy than the lunch. School agents and school lunch cooks were not oriented to contribute in the nutritional education of children. It was verified that the school has an ongoing educational project (Projeto Horta) related to nutritional education actions. It can be stated that educators feel the importance of nutritional education being inserted in the school activities, but this has not still been transformed in effective actions by all teaching body. The obesity percentile encountered among chidren was of 14%, being greater among girls. The lecture conducted in the school was well-succeeded in the attainment of its objectives. Because of the interdisciplinary bias of the current research, it could be observed that the professional interaction between nutritionist and teachers is not only possible, but is also extremely necessary in nutritional education actions. It could be observed that there is little communication between the organs that take part in the school food system. Health centers have not been integrated to the nutritional education activities in school environment. It is recommended that there is a nutritionist professional in charge of the follow-up of nutritional education actions, coordinating, articulating, and following the phases up to the end of processes. It is also suggested a periodical conduction of nutritional orientation lectures for parents and capacitation courses for teachers, school lunch cooks, and teaching agents. / As mudanças de comportamento alimentar que estão ocorrendo na sociedade estão promovendo grande impacto no panorama da saúde do povo brasileiro, provocando um representativo aumento das doenças crônicas não-transmissíveis, associadas às causas mais comuns de morte na atualidade. Essas alterações têm, igualmente, afetado as crianças. A incidência da obesidade infantil triplicou nas últimas três décadas. A escola tem sido apresentada como um espaço privilegiado para promover saúde, incluindo a formação de hábitos alimentares saudáveis. O estudo visa conhecer a atuação de uma Escola de Educação Infantil do Município de São Paulo, frente ao desafio da educação nutricional, considerando a problemática da obesidade infantil, partindo da observação da merenda escolar, dos projetos educacionais da escola, do grau de conscientização e das ações efetivas dos professores nesse sentido. O trabalho caracterizou-se por um estudo exploratório e participante, com uma abordagem metodológica de pesquisa qualitativa. A população alvo constituiu-se de uma amostra de aproximadamente 400 alunos e de 14 professoras. Foram utilizados diários com registros pessoais, entrevista com a coordenadora pedagógica, observação de campo, questionário aplicado aos professores, fotos e vídeos. Foi efetuada uma análise dos dados antropométricos das crianças, por meio da utilização do aplicativo Epiinfo. Na merenda escolar, destacou-se a falta de variedade do cardápio oferecido. Do ponto de vista qualitativo e dos aspectos sensoriais (sabor e aparência), a refeição era mais adequada do que o lanche. Os agentes escolares e as merendeiras não eram orientados a contribuir com a educação nutricional das crianças. Verificou-se que a escola possui em andamento um projeto educacional (Projeto Horta) relacionado com as ações de educação nutricional. Pode-se afirmar que os educadores percebem a importância desse tema estar inserido nas atividades da escola, mas que ainda não foi transformado em ações efetivas por parte de todos. O percentual de obesidade encontrado entre as crianças foi de 14%, sendo maior entre as meninas. A palestra realizada na escola foi bem sucedida na consecução de seus objetivos. O caráter interdisciplinar da pesquisa permitiu concluir que a interação profissional entre o nutricionista e os educadores é possível e extremamente necessária para as ações de educação nutricional. Pôde-se observar que há pouca comunicação entre os órgãos do governo que integram o sistema de alimentação escolar, incluindo também os Centros de Saúde, os quais não estão inseridos nas atividades de educação nutricional no ambiente escolar. Recomenda-se que haja um profissional nutricionista responsável pelo acompanhamento das ações de educação nutricional, coordenando, articulando e acompanhando as diferentes fases dos processos. Recomenda-se também a realização periódica, não só de palestras orientadoras aos pais, como ainda cursos de capacitação aos professores, merendeiras e agentes de ensino.

Problem: This research proposes to examine the effects of Reaganomics on pricing and participation in the regular paying sector of the National School Lunch Program in Dade County Public High Schools. Subproblems: The first subproblem is to examine the effects of Reaganomics on pricing in the regular paying sector of the National School Lunch Program in Dade County Public High Schools. The second subproblem is to examine the effects of Reaganomics on participation in the regular paying sector of the National School Lunch Program in Dade County Public High Schools. Hypotheses: The first hypothesis is that Reaganomics has resulted in price increases to the regular paying sector of the National School Lunch Program in Dade County Public High Schools. The second hypothesis is that Reaganomics has decreased the percentage of the regular paying sector participating in the National School Lunch Program in Dade County Public High Schools.

Due to the short time the updated National School Lunch Program standards have been in place since fall of 2012, few research studies have explored what effect these new standards have had on fruit and vegetable (F/V) consumption, particularly among elementary school students. Because the new standards require schools to offer students more F/V than before, researchers are interested to know if F/V consumption has indeed increased. The participants in the study were enrolled in a program to motivate students to eat more F/V – the Food Dudes program. The results of the data analysis found that most students, regardless of grade, were eating less F/V initially after the new standards were in place. However, the group of students receiving prizes from the Food Dudes program actually ate more F/V over time instead of less. Also, F/V consumption for the first spring under the new standards did not decrease as much as it had during the spring under the old standards. These results indicate that, despite initial declines in F/V consumption, students could be adjusting to the updated standards. Also, students who have participated in the incentives group of the Food Dudes program did not show a drop in F/V consumption, even during the first semester the new standards were in place. Future studies should look at the current F/V intake of students under the updated guidelines now that they have been in place for several school years, as well as at additional intervention programs to increase F/V consumption among this population.

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