The problem with which this investigation is concerned is that of analyzing elementary school principals' perceptions of the Individually Guided Education process of staff development. A survey is made of 100 randomly selected principals from 18 states of the United States with regard to the problems of implementing the process in their schools.

M.Ed. (Educational Management) / Please refer to full text to view abstract

The aim of this study was to explore and understand the kind of partnership that exists at secondary school level between government, Catholic Church, school administration and parents. And the way these parties perceive and assume their respective duties and responsibilities, and the relationships with one another in the new school decentralised dispensation. By 2000, Rwanda restructured the education system by initiating school decentralisation reforms and devolving more powers and responsibilities to districts, schools and community. The literature on education decentralization, state and non-government provider partnerships in education theories is reviewed to identify the main issues to investigate. This study relies on taped in-depth interviews with school committees‘ members, education officers as well as documents analysis. All this enabled the researcher to answer four research sub-questions: (1) how do school committees perceive and exercise their powers and responsibilities in contributing to school development?; (2) how do school committees and the school administration work together in contributing to school development?; (3) how do Catholic Church authorities contribute to the managerial and/or professional issues and school needs? and; (4) how do the government and the Catholic Church collaborate for school development? The study discovered that, despite the reluctance of school committees to be involved in school financial management, they were eager to be involved in schools governance and school development. They undertook activities aimed at raising school funds, volunteering in school activities requesting their expertise, contributing to some school decision making and attending successfully school meetings. Moreover, results have shown that the school committees and the school community (school principals, teachers and staff) manage to work together to face the challenges of lack of capacity. Even though the Catholic Church financial support to schools has been reduced, the Catholic Church contributes via its teaching to the mobilization of the community for school development, for charitable actions, and collecting funds from aid agencies. The study recommends that the government and Catholic Church continue to collaborate to build the governance capacity of the school committees, that school principals and teachers manage to create a welcoming school environment, that the department establish a system vi support that provides information about schools‘ academic and financial performance relative to other schools, closing the gap in the existing regulations and guidelines on the respective power and responsibilities pertaining to each of stakeholders in partnership for school development. The study recommends further studies on the implementation of school decentralization in remote rural schools; the impact of the socio-economic status of school committee members on their commitment to their children‘s school development; the factors underlying teacher‘s attitude towards their involvement in financial and administrative decision making; and a comparative research of similar non catholic and Catholic schools and how they implement differently school decentralization.

O objetivo dessa dissertação é revisar a produção dos pioneiros da Administração Escolar no Brasil, compreendendo o período de 1935 a 1968. Destacam-se enquanto pioneiros da Administração Escolar no Brasil: Anísio Spínola Teixeira; Antônio Carneiro Leão; José Querino Ribeiro e Lourenço Filho. Esses educadores se enquadram enquanto pioneiros da Administração Escolar brasileira, por serem os primeiros a produzir pesquisas sobre o tema. Suas produções sobre Administração Escolar se situam nos anos 1935 a 1968, quais sejam: Administração pública: administração e desenvolvimento (TEIXEIRA, 1935); Fayolismo na Administração de escolas públicas (RIBEIRO, 1938); Introdução à Administração Escolar (LEÃO, 1939); Ensaio de uma teoria de Administração Escolar (RIBEIRO, 1952); Pequenos Estudos Sobre Grandes Problemas Educacionais (Alguns aspectos do ponto de vista da Administração Escolar) (RIBEIRO, 1952); Racionalização do Sistema Escolar (RIBEIRO, 1954); Administração pública brasileira e a educação (TEIXEIRA, 1956); Que é Administração Escolar? (TEIXEIRA, 1961); Organização e Administração Escolar: curso básico (LOURENÇO FILHO, 1963); Natureza e função da Administração Escolar (TEIXEIRA, 1968). Foi realizado um estudo do contexto em que as obras foram produzidas, recuperando dados importantes para análise das obras. Como recurso metodológico utilizou-se o método da Análise de Conteúdo (BARDIN, 2011), produzindo categorias de análise, quais sejam: Administração Escolar; Administrador Escolar; Formação dos administradores escolares e Influências do modelo de Administração Escolar. A partir dos dados coletados pelas categorias aplicamos uma segunda análise identificando as metáforas organizacionais presentes nos modelos de Administração Escolar dos pioneiros. Para esta segunda etapa foram utilizadas as metáforas organizacionais propostas por Gareth Morgan (2006) e Jorge Adelino Costa (1996). A revisão possibilitou observar a proposição de um modelo misto de Administração Escolar, centrado nas questões sociológicas e racionais da escola. Observou-se também uma divergência entre os modelos de Administração Escolar propostos pelos pioneiros. Todos apresentam em seus estudos a influência do Movimento da Escola Nova. Anísio Teixeira apresenta um modelo concentrado na metáfora da escola como cultura e democracia, observando a influência da Filosofia Pragmática de John Dewey e das Teorias das Relações Humanas de Elton Mayo. Os demais pioneiros apresentam um modelo também misto, no entanto, abordando de forma mais enfática as questões da administração racional da escola, tendo influência dos estudos de Taylor e Fayol. As metáforas interpretadas para estes pioneiros são da escola como arena política, empresa, burocracia, cultura, democracia e anarquia. A aplicação das metáforas na interpretação dos modelos foi importante na superação da distinção desses estudos somente às influências empresariais que possuem. Observar as metáforas também nos revela as limitações e conseqüências desses modelos para a escola pública do presente. O estudo buscou contribuir para área de Administração e Política Educacional, abordando também sugestões de outros estudos a serem realizados neste campo. / The objective of this dissertation is to review the production of the pioneers of School Administration in Brazil, covering the period from 1935 to 1968. The highlights are as pioneers in School Administration in Brazil: Anísio Spinola Teixeira; Antônio Carneiro Leão; Querino José Ribeiro and Lourenço Filho. These educators fall as pioneers of Brazilian School Administration, by being the first to produce research on the topic. His productions on School Administration lie in the years 1935-1968, namely: Public Administration: Administration and development (TEIXEIRA, 1935); Fayolismo Administration in Public Schools (RIBEIRO, 1938); Introduction to Educational Administration (LION, 1939); Test of a theory of school administration (RIBEIRO, 1952); Small Studies Major Educational Problems (Some aspects from the standpoint of School Administration) (RIBEIRO, 1952); Rationalization of the School System (RIBEIRO, 1954); Brazilian public administration and education (TEIXEIRA, 1956); What is School Administration? (TEIXEIRA, 1961); School Organization and Administration: basic course (LOURENÇO FILHO, 1963); The Nature and Function of School Administration (TEIXEIRA, 1968). A study of the context in which the works were produced, recovering important data for analysis of the works was carried out. As a methodological approach we used the method of content analysis (BARDIN, 2011), producing categories of analysis, namely: School Administration; School Administrator; Training of school administrators and Influences of the School Administration model. From the data collected by the categories we apply a second analysis identifying the organizational metaphors present in models of School Directors of the pioneers. For this second step organizational metaphors proposed by Gareth Morgan (2006) and Jorge Adelino Costa (1996) were used. The review observed allowed the proposition of a hybrid model of school administration, focusing on sociological and rational school issues. We also observed a divergence between the models proposed by the pioneers School Administration. All come in their studies the influence of the New School Movement. Teixeira presents a metaphor focused on school culture and democracy as a model, noting the influence of the philosophy of John Dewey and Pragmatic Theories of Human Relations of Elton Mayo. Other pioneers also present a mixed model, however, addressing the most emphatic manner the issues of rational administration of the school, taking influence from the studies of Taylor and Fayol. The metaphors are interpreted for these pioneers of the school as a political arena, business, bureaucracy, culture, democracy and anarchy. The use of metaphors in the interpretation of the models was important in overcoming the distinction of these studies only to corporate influences they have. Observe the metaphors also reveals the limitations and consequences of these models for public school of this. The study sought to contribute to the area of Educational Administration and Policy, also addressing suggestions from other studies to be conducted in this field.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-27T16:33:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ANGELO RICARDO DE SOUZA.pdf: 1322825 bytes, checksum: 53d2928c7d03559461341c325589017d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-02-26 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This thesis focuses in a construction of a Brazilian school administration profile, linking the author s conceptions in the field with the reality founded in basic public schools. In one hand, the profile comes from analysis of academic researches in Brazil between 1930 e 2004, using the main bibliographic references in the field (until 80 s) and researches abstracts from CAPES database. On the other hand, the thesis build a basic school principal and school administration tools profile, using the SAEB/2003 database, collected with enquires in a survey applied in public schools principals, teachers and students, who participated of SAEB 2003. With a theoretical approach of many authors, especially Weber and Bourdieu, this study evaluates the school administration political face, the democratization process, the tools of school administration, the function of principal as politician and its nature, and the ways of domination power presents in school ambient. The comparison of these profiles, supported by theoretical base, suggests the following conclusions: there is strong gender inequality, because the men principals have higher salaries and become to the principal position younger and with less experience than the women principals, and men are in the principal position especially in that schools where the symbolic power is less explicit; the public school administration is being more democratic, but there still is a strong presence of conservative politics and political control over schools and principals; in that schools where the principals were elected, there are school councils which are more active and there are pedagogical projects builded with the staff participation, suggesting that a political education happens in democratic schools; the more experient principals tend to have more disposition to dialogue with the staff and communities than the non experiented principals; the school politics, personalized in principal, is developed in a consensus way between the demands from community and the dispositions of policymakers / Esta tese tem por objeto a construção de um perfil da gestão escolar no Brasil, procurando cotejar as relações entre as concepções dos autores do campo e a realidade encontrada nas escolas públicas de educação básica. Esse perfil emerge, de um lado, da análise da produção acadêmica no país entre 1930 e 2004, utilizando-se para tanto das bibliografias de referência no campo (até a década de 1980) e dos resumos das teses e dissertações do banco de teses da CAPES. Por outra parte, a tese constrói o perfil do diretor e dos processos de gestão escolar a partir do banco de dados do SAEB 2003, coletado a partir dos instrumentos de medida de contexto (questionários) aplicados em diretores, professores e alunos de escolas públicas que participaram daquela avaliação. Discutindo teoricamente com diversos autores, especialmente com Weber e Bourdieu, a pesquisa avalia a face política da gestão escolar, os elementos da sua democratização, os instrumentos e processos da gestão, o papel do dirigente na condução da política escolar e a natureza da função de diretor e as formas de dominação nas relações de poder que se estabelecem na escola. O cotejamento daqueles perfis, mediado pela análise possibilitada pela base teórica, permite as seguintes conclusões: entre os diretores parece haver uma marca de gênero forte, que faz com que os homens ganhem mais e ascendam à função com menos idade e experiência e destacadamente ocupam proporcionalmente mais as direções das escolas nas quais o poder simbólico parece ser menos explícito; a gestão das escolas públicas caminha para ampliação da democratização da política escolar, mas há ainda forte presença do patrimonialismo e do controle político institucional sobre as escolas e seus dirigentes; as escolas cujos diretores foram eleitos têm conselhos mais ativos e construíram projetos pedagógicos de forma mais independente e com maior participação coletiva, sugerindo que há uma espécie de educação política mais ampliada nas escolas mais democráticas; os diretores mais experientes na educação tendem a ter mais disposição ao diálogo com os seus pares e com as comunidades do que os mais novos; a política escolar, centrada na figura do diretor, é articulada de maneira a articular o máximo possível os interesses da comunidade e as disposições dos sistemas de ensino, traduzidas pelos posicionamentos das instâncias superiores ao diretor

The continuing disadvantage that poor and marginalized communities face in low-income countries is well recognized but international initiatives and government policies still fall short of providing sustainable quality education. The recently published Global Monitoring Report 2013 – 2014 “Teaching and Learning: Achieving Quality for All” recommends strategies for solving the quality crisis through attracting the best teachers, getting them where they are most needed and providing incentives to retain them. Few would dispute these strategies but their achievement is problematic, given the vastness of the challenge in a financially constrained global environment. This study is predicated on the acknowledgement that the strategies proposed provide too narrow a focus and that poor quality education is also due to contextual factors that have been relatively ignored. These contextual factors are investigated through this research. This research study explores community perceptions of school benefits as a lens through which to engage with marginalized rural communities' conceptualization of “quality” education. It utilizes Tikly and Barrett's (2011) framework for analysing quality education with its three key dimensions of inclusion, relevance and democracy. It investigates the factors and processes that are shaping perceptions of benefits within the three environments of policy-making, school and community. The research study uses a qualitative methodology, employing a critical stance, but engaging also with the insights of Bourdieu and Foucault viewing power as both repressive and productive. This research engages with the “regimes of truth” that have constrained social action as well as the process of discourse deconstruction and reconstruction that has shaped agency and facilitated social change. This is a multiple case study of four rural primary schools in marginalized communities in Sindh, Pakistan (two opened in 2002, two in 2007), using purposive sampling to maximize data heterogeneity. Data, mostly qualitative, was generated from semi-structured interviews with community leaders, school management committee members, parents and teachers. Focus groups were conducted with school graduates and teachers. Photographs were used as a participatory tool to facilitate interview and focus group discussions. The findings indicate that context-led policy, contextualized teacher training, pedagogy and curriculum and community leadership that facilitates agency are the key factors shaping perceptions of benefits. Emerging from these factors is both the employment of local teachers who can experience a transformational process that enables them to bring social change and a dynamic interaction between pedagogy and benefits. Positional benefits are highly valued with social skills being key to the development of social capital, which the findings indicate should be included in the discourse of “quality” education. The study provides empirical data demonstrating how the recent theoretical frameworks for quality education are being “fleshed out” in specific contexts and addresses issues raised in quality debates. It makes recommendations for the complementary role of non-government schools in the post-2015 EFA strategy and the provision of quality education in hard to reach areas characterized by poverty and marginalization in the global South.

This thesis is about change, and the impact of change on the restructuring of special educational needs provision. The impetus for my research came from my work with the National Association of Head Teachers, supporting school leaders in managing the education of a more diverse pupil population. The research relates to the Labour Government's policy to increase the number of children with more complex needs in mainstream schools. Following Baroness Warnock's (2005) call for a review of special educational needs, the House of Commons Education and Skills Committee carried out an ‘Inquiry'. Their final report (SEN: Third Report of Session 2005-06), identified high levels of dissatisfaction amongst parents and teachers, and it concluded that the Special Educational Needs framework was no longer fit for purpose. In response, the Labour Government stated that it was too early to carry out a review because their ‘Every Child Matters' initiative was still developing. However, they stated that, in future, local authorities would be required to demonstrate improved special educational needs provision when restructuring their overall educational provision. This significant response prompted me to explore the implementation of the restructuring of provision as several authorities were putting forward proposals for change during 2007-08. The research began in 2008. It is a piece of small-scale educational research which explores the perspectives of school leaders in one local authority and the local authority's documented evidence. The concepts of ‘inclusion' and ‘change' provided the foundation to develop my research study within a broad ‘constructivist interpretative' paradigm and, the direction to review relevant literature on inclusive education and on strategies for implementing change. It discusses the qualitative methods used to investigate my overarching research question: What is the nature and impact of change, in the restructuring of special educational needs provision? I set out to explore two aspects of the nature of change: the first objective was to investigate the process and the second was to investigate the impact of change. My intention was to tease out whether school leaders in mainstream schools, subject to competing government policies (‘inclusion' and ‘market' ideologies) would choose to increase their provision and the impact of proposed change on the individuals and schools involved. My fieldwork was carried out during 2008-09, and follow-up interviews were carried out with those respondents, who were directly involved in the restructuring of provision, during 2010-11. The findings illustrate the influence of individual values and attitudes and the importance of effective school leaders in driving forward reform. It describes the actions of the local authority during the process of implementing change and highlights the improvements that could be made during the stages of transition. Importantly, the significance is considered of internal and external influences that impact on the actions of school leaders and how they influenced the policies of the local authority. Each individual's, or body's, interaction within and between each level (i.e. national, local, school and individual levels), created an impact on the other levels, a process that was far from straightforward. A significant finding of the research was the importance of the interrelationship between these four dimensions, building on Fullan's (2003) tri-level reform. Although the findings demonstrated that to implement progressive change requires motivated school leaders, it also depends on the collaborative effort of all stakeholders involved. However, even with a concerted effort other unexpected events may alter its course: change may be influenced but it cannot be controlled. It is therefore important to develop and understand those strategies and dimensions that contribute to the effective implementation of ‘change' because, in the world of education, change is on going.

The problem of this study was an investigation of teacher and administrator perceptions of teacher evaluation and the relationship of those perceptions to teacher evaluation policies and practices in public high schools in the State of Texas.

Resumo: O trabalho toma como fontes documentais os livros "Ensaio de uma teoria da Administração Escolar", de José Querino Ribeiro, e "Organização e Administração Escolar", de Manoel Bergström Lourenço Filho. Através dessas fontes, analisa-se a teoria de Administração Escolar produzida no Brasil, entre 1952 e 1963, objeto de estudo da pesquisa. A partir das datas de publicação dos livros referidos, o recorte histórico é delimitado entre 1930 e 1960. As três referências bibliográficas da área de Administração Escolar, comuns em ambos os livros, possibilitaram a investigação das raízes de modelos teóricos (racional/burocrático, de sistema social, político e anárquico) apresentados na obra "A Escola como Organização e a Participação na Organização Escolar", de Licínio C. Lima, utilizada como referência teórica. Os três trabalhos identificados, escritos em língua inglesa, foram: "Public School Administration", de Ellwood Cubberley; "School Administration. Its Development, Principles and Function in the United States", de Arthur B. Moehlman; e "The Nature of the Administrative Process. With Special Reference to Public School Administration", de Jesse B. Sears. A partir desse referencial teórico e metodológico, a pesquisa ensaiou uma abordagem sociológica na análise dos dados, apontando para a necessidade de um aprofundamento na área da Sociologia da Ciência. A tese defendida é a de que havia, nos anos de 1930, uma concepção de ciência que possibilitou a constituição inicial do campo de estudos da Administração Escolar. Nos anos de 1950, condições e processos de produção científicos diferenciados permitiram identificar as raízes dos modelos teóricos, constituindo-se como instrumentos analíticos. / Abstract: The doctoral dissertation has as sources the books "Ensaio de uma teoria da Administração Escolar", by José Querino Ribeiro and "Organização e Administração Escolar", by Manoel Bergström Lourenço Filho. Through those sources the school administration theory produced in Brazil between 1952 and 1963, the study object of the research, is analyzed. From the referred books publishing dates the research historical period of analysis is limited between 1930 and 1960. The three bibliographical references on school administration, common in both books, made it possible to investigate the roots of potential theoretical models (rational/bureaucratic, social system, political and anarchical) presented in the book "A Escola como Organização e a Participação na Organização Escolar", by Licínio C. Lima, used as theoretical reference on the subject. The three pieces of work identified, written in English, were: "Public School Administration", by Ellwood Cubberley; "School Administration. Its Development, Principles and Function in the United States", by Arthur B. Moehlman; and "The Nature of the Administrative Process. With Special Reference to Public School Administration", by Jesse B. Sears. The thesis defended is that there was, in the 1930's, a conception of science that permitted the initial constitution for School Administration studies. In the 1950's scientifically differentiated production conditions and processes made it possible to identify the roots of the theoretical models getting shaped as analytical instruments. / Orientador: Lourdes Marcelino Machado / Coorientador: Licínio C. Lima / Banca: Benno Sander / Banca: João Gualberto de Carvalho Meneses / Banca: Maria Sylvia Simões Bueno / Banca: Paschoal Quaglio / Doutor

Resumo: Este trabalho tem como objeto de estudo o papel do diretor de escola, com foco na década de 1970 e na atualidade, tendo como objetivo principal contrapor o papel atribuído ao mesmo nas duas épocas. Tem como ponto de partida o livro O papel do diretor na administração escolar, de Myrtes Alonso (1976). A autora desenvolveu um trabalho com alguns pressupostos básicos utilizando-se de um esquema teórico de referências bastante amplo que permitiu a análise da função administrativa, transpondo-a para a situação escolar. A partir do referido livro, são retomadas algumas teorias administrativas e identificado o papel do diretor de escola na década de 1970. Para contrapor os dados colhidos sobre o papel do diretor na Administração Escolar na referida década ao momento atual, são analisados alguns textos referentes à Administração Escolar contemporânea, enfatizando a teoria da Qualidade Total. São identificadas algumas características comuns entre a teoria dos sistemas abertos, considerada por Alonso (1976) a mais apropriada para o estudo das organizações escolares, e a teoria da Qualidade Total. O estudo é de natureza qualitativa e a metodologia utilizada é a Análise de Conteúdo. / Abstract: This thesis has as study object the school principal's role focusing the 70's and currently and the main objective is to compare the principal's role in both periods of time. The starting point is the book O papel do diretor na administração escolar, by Myrtes Alonso (1976). The author produced a piece of work with basic premises using a broad theoretical scheme of references that made it possible to analyze the administrative function, quoting it to school situation. From that book, some administrative theories are reviewed and the school principal's role in the 70's is identified. To analyze the data collected about school principal's role in school administration and to compare it to current days some texts of modern School Administration are analyzed, emphasizing Total Quality theory. Some common characteristics between Systems Theories, considered by Alonso (1976) the most appropriate to study school organizations, and Total Quality Theory are identified. The research is qualitative and the methodology used is Content Analysis. / Orientador: Lourdes Marcelino Machado / Coorientador: Graziela Zambão Abdian Maia / Banca: Anita Fávaro Martelli / Banca: Paschoal Quaglio / Mestre