This thesis explores how newly arrived students experience conditions for learning and inclusion in their lived transitions within the Swedish school system. The thesis deploys an ethnographic approach combining interviews with participant observation. The data comprise interviews with 22 students at three points in time and three cycles of participant observation over the course of 15 months (in three municipalities of different sizes). Deploying the concept of post-migration ecology, Study I maps the structural conditions that the educational landscape offers newly arrived students after migration to Sweden. The findings point to the emergence of a parallel school system through which the newly arrived students’ individual needs risk being overlooked. Study II uses a sociocultural perspective to compare the pedagogical and social resources offered in introductory and regular classes, concluding that introductory classes are characterised by weak challenges and strong support, whereas the opposite is true for regular classes. From a critical phenomenological perspective, Study III focuses on the individual students’ embodied experiences of being out of line in school (in a Swedish monolingual school setting). Paradoxically, the separate introductory class in this setting apparently offers a sense of inclusion, whereas the regular class is related to student experiences of exclusion. Study IV analyses temporal aspects of the students' lived transition to upper secondary school. Drawing on a phenomenology of blockage, it documents how extended periods in introductory programmes create a disjunction between the students' imagined and lived school careers. In brief, through analyses that encompass organisational and structural conditions, as well as lived experience, this thesis shows that the lived transitions of newly arrived students can be understood as instances of parallel school lives, a discontinued past and a postponed future. / <p>At the time of the doctoral defense, the following paper was unpublished and had a status as follows: Paper 4: Manuscript.</p> / Newly arrived children and learning - a cross-disciplinary study on the learning conditions for newly arrived children in Swedish schools

Career counselors in schools have for a long time reported a feeling that their work is not as important as teachers work. According to the Swedish Curriculum for the compulsory schools, all staff is responsible for viable counseling for pupils. Therefore, this study focuses on teachers, headmasters and a school executive director view of school career counseling, how they experience the fulfillment of curriculum goals and how it interferes/interacts with their work. To analyze the empirical material we collected from interviews, we used theoretical terms of organizational theory with focus on social structures, differentiation and integration. We also used the career theory of Super. In the study we found that most teachers and headmasters wished for a more integrated work plan with the school counselors. None of the interviewed thought that the curriculum about career counseling was fulfilled, but thought that more cooperation would increase the fulfillment. At the moment there is too much differentiation between the professions, we believe that starting the cooperation earlier, in University courses for teaching and counseling, could decrease the gap between them.

Basée sur une approche sociologique, cette recherche a pour objet l'analyse et la compréhension du parcours scolaire des élèves de Section d'Enseignement Général et Professionnel Adapté (SEGPA) à l'île de La Réunion. Nous nous sommes principalement intéressé aux élèves en fin de scolarité dans douze SEGPA. Notre approche en termes de processus nous permet de montrer que l'histoire et le parcours scolaires des élèves rencontrés ne se réduisent pas à une aventure individuelle, mais sont le résultat d'un processus global construit dont les dynamiques sont à chercher dans la combinaison et l'interaction complexes d'un grand nombre d'éléments, de phénomènes, d'événements. Ainsi, même s'il apparaît que le fonctionnement institutionnel de l'orientation influence fortement les destins scolaires, il ressort de cette recherche que ce qui rend possibles le parcours scolaire et les sorties sans qualification des élèves de SEGPA, n'est pas réductible aux seules caractéristiques personnelles des élèves, ni à celles de leur cadre familial de socialisation, et encore moins à ce qui se joue dans l'espace scolaire ; nous y voyons plutôt le produit d'un processus global dont les dynamiques interdépendantes se conjuguent, s'imbriquent, se cumulent et s'influencent. / Through a sociological approach, this research intends to analyse and better understand the school career of SEGPA students in Reunion Island. Our study mainly focuses on students about to leaving school in 12 different SEGPA. This approach, in terms of process, demonstrates that the personal history and the school career of the students we met cannot be reduced to an individual adventure, but are the result of a comprehensive process whose dynamics are to be found in the combination and interactions of a variety of elements, phenomena and events. Even though the institutional functioning of school guidance influence school destiny, this research shows that school career and the failure of students leaving SEGPA without any qualification are not reducible to the student's personal characteristics or social family context, but is due to a comprehensive process whose interrelated dynamics combine, interact, cumulate and influence each other.

Career education has become an integral part of high school programming in Canada (Gibbons, Borders, Wiles, Stephan & Davis, 2006). Research on school-based career interventions is on the rise throughout North America (Hiebert, 2010; Roest & Magnusson, 2005). The current study is intended to contribute to this growing area by examining the impact of an elective career education class offered in Saskatchewan public schools called Career and Work Exploration 30 (CWE30). CWE30 combines experiential classroom activities and work placements. Experiential learning has long been regarded as an effective way of increasing self-efficacy, as described in Social Cognitive Theory (SCT; e.g., Bandura, 1977), a factor shown to play a role in encouraging career exploration and confident career-related decision-making (e.g., Blustein, 1989). Another contributor to active career exploration is intrinsic motivation, described in Self-Determination Theory (SDT) as the innate desire to seek out knowledge and growth and to therefore engage in activities that foster this development (Deci & Ryan, 1985). Given the complex and relatively nascent nature of research in this area, the chosen methodology was a case study (Yin, 2014). Multiple types of data were collected. Fourteen grade 11 and 12 high school students from Saskatchewan completed the Career Decision-Making Self-Efficacy Scale - Short Form (CDMES-SF; Taylor & Betz, 1983) and a motivation questionnaire (adapted from Kerner et al., 2012) at the beginning and end of the second semester of the 2013-2014 school year. Two students and one teacher were interviewed. Further, the class curriculum, student attendance, blank copies of in-class activities, and homework that was assigned were collected. Results included significant differences in scores on the CDMSE-SF from pre to post testing and common themes on the qualitative measures such as frustration with assignments and placement time commitments; excitement about experiential learning; fears and uncertainties related to career decision-making; and suggestions for improvements emerged. Course documents provided further evidence as to the implementation of the CWE30 curriculum and the inclusion of factors thought to promote intrinsic motivation and self-efficacy as described in SDT and SCT respectively. Implications within the current literature as well as for future research are discussed.

Submitted by Morgana Andrade (morgana.andrade@ufes.br) on 2016-03-24T17:33:19Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) tese_8185_Renata Imaculada - Tese doutorado.pdf: 1116194 bytes, checksum: 83bd3eb1f817dda426806d327cfa251f (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Patricia Barros (patricia.barros@ufes.br) on 2016-06-07T17:44:05Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) tese_8185_Renata Imaculada - Tese doutorado.pdf: 1116194 bytes, checksum: 83bd3eb1f817dda426806d327cfa251f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-07T17:44:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) tese_8185_Renata Imaculada - Tese doutorado.pdf: 1116194 bytes, checksum: 83bd3eb1f817dda426806d327cfa251f (MD5) / Este estudo investiga o percurso escolar de jovens com deficiência e transtorno global do desenvolvimento (TGD) a fim de evidenciar aspectos que possam ter contribuído para o surgimento de processos de compensação sociopsicológica que promovem aprendizagem e desenvolvimento em sua vida acadêmica e profissional. Baseia-se na tese de que o trabalho em prol de um estágio diferenciado de consciência, necessário à formação humana num patamar mais elevado, de alunos com deficiência e TGD, pode ser alcançado pela recuperação de suas histórias de vida e suas narrativas a respeito das experiências de escolarização e das mediações vivenciadas junto a profissionais, familiares e alunos, levando à processos de compensação sóciopsicológicas. Adota a abordagem histórico-cultural como aporte teórico, prioritariamente os estudos de Vigotski, que ajudam a compreender a constituição da subjetividade dos jovens com deficiência e TGD e a prospecção de suas vidas como profissionais tendo como foco os processos de compensação social a partir da investigação de seus percursos escolares. Simultaneamente, enfoca os estudos de Walter Benjamin sobre a filosofia da história para compreender a escrita do passado, a memória, o tempo histórico, a narrativa, entre outros aspectos. Define como sujeitos de estudo três jovens, alunos da educação profissional e tecnológica do Instituto Federal de Educação Profissional e Tecnológica do Espírito Santo, matriculados em diferentes campi: uma aluna com diagnóstico de TGD associado à psicose, um aluno surdo e um aluno com autismo, cada um, em sua especificidade, narrando sua história de vida desde a infância até o momento presente, com enfoque em situações vividas no percurso escolar, relações com a família, imagens de si e da deficiência e expectativas para o futuro profissional. Considera como categorias de análise as lembranças da infância, os aspectos do percurso escolar que predominam nos discursos dos sujeitos, a inclusão na educação profissional, as marcas de si nas relações com o Outro e pistas para pensar a inclusão escolar, com base nas histórias contadas que evidenciam processos de compensação sociopsicológicos. Com base nas histórias de vida dos sujeitos pesquisados, conclui que, mesmo diante dos dilemas e das dificuldades vivenciadas por eles em sua trajetória escolar, a aprendizagem da pessoa com deficiência e TGD é possível porque eles conseguem ingressar e permanecer na escola regular. Conclui também que as condições socioeconômicas e o apoio da família se constituem em um fator que muito contribui para que esses sujeitos, cada um ao seu modo, possam ter acesso à escola e nela permanecer, bem como atingir processos de compensação sociopsíquicas.

Career choice is one of the most daunting decisions one has to make, since it has implications that affect a variety of aspects in one’s life. For adolescents, career decision–making is even more challenging because it is done at a time when adolescents are going through a period of identity formation, and when their core personalities have not yet been fully formed. It is therefore essential to provide systematic career guidance programmes that will assist adolescents in their career development in order to empower them to make realistic career choices. The school, as a place where adolescents spend most of their time, can be used as a vehicle to promote meaningful career development amongst adolescent learners. However, the contribution by adolescents themselves in determining the appropriate content and career guidance services/activities that will best address their needs is vital. Senior secondary school learners, in particular, are in a position to articulate their career planning needs and to identify the deficits in existing career guidance programmes. The situation in Botswana where career guidance forms only a quarter of the public secondary school guidance and counselling programme, which, with all its four components, is allocated only one 40 minute–period per week deserves special attention. Hence, this study set out to determine: * the career planning needs of Senior Public Secondary School Learners in Gaborone, Botswana as articulated by the learners themselves; * the extent to which the current career guidance programme in Senior Public Secondary Schools meets the needs of the learners. A mixed methods design, consisting of the use of a questionnaire to collect the quantitative data and a qualitative method in the form of focus–group interviews, was used to collect the data for the study. The findings of the study highlight several challenges which hamper the provision of a systematic career guidance programme to the learners, which include limited time, lack of trained personnel and less than optimal career service delivery practices. The lack of key career exploration activities in schools, such as the use of internet resource materials and career video/audio tapes, job–shadowing, career field–trips/excursions and, in some cases, career talks, results in learners experiencing unmet career needs. This situation affects the extent to which the curriculum in place addresses the career planning needs of the learners. No significant differences were noted in the needs of the learners according to gender. The study reveals that the Career Guidance Programme provides the relevant theoretical frame–work for providing the necessary assistance to learners to make informed career decisions. However, the actual implementation of the programme in the different schools leaves a lot to be desired, with several learning outcomes for the career guidance programme in both Form 4 and Form 5 not being achieved. The effectiveness of the annual career fair as a major method of disseminating career information to learners also came into question since most learners expressed having gained minimal benefit from it. / Thesis (M.Ed.)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2011.

Career choice is one of the most daunting decisions one has to make, since it has implications that affect a variety of aspects in one’s life. For adolescents, career decision–making is even more challenging because it is done at a time when adolescents are going through a period of identity formation, and when their core personalities have not yet been fully formed. It is therefore essential to provide systematic career guidance programmes that will assist adolescents in their career development in order to empower them to make realistic career choices. The school, as a place where adolescents spend most of their time, can be used as a vehicle to promote meaningful career development amongst adolescent learners. However, the contribution by adolescents themselves in determining the appropriate content and career guidance services/activities that will best address their needs is vital. Senior secondary school learners, in particular, are in a position to articulate their career planning needs and to identify the deficits in existing career guidance programmes. The situation in Botswana where career guidance forms only a quarter of the public secondary school guidance and counselling programme, which, with all its four components, is allocated only one 40 minute–period per week deserves special attention. Hence, this study set out to determine: * the career planning needs of Senior Public Secondary School Learners in Gaborone, Botswana as articulated by the learners themselves; * the extent to which the current career guidance programme in Senior Public Secondary Schools meets the needs of the learners. A mixed methods design, consisting of the use of a questionnaire to collect the quantitative data and a qualitative method in the form of focus–group interviews, was used to collect the data for the study. The findings of the study highlight several challenges which hamper the provision of a systematic career guidance programme to the learners, which include limited time, lack of trained personnel and less than optimal career service delivery practices. The lack of key career exploration activities in schools, such as the use of internet resource materials and career video/audio tapes, job–shadowing, career field–trips/excursions and, in some cases, career talks, results in learners experiencing unmet career needs. This situation affects the extent to which the curriculum in place addresses the career planning needs of the learners. No significant differences were noted in the needs of the learners according to gender. The study reveals that the Career Guidance Programme provides the relevant theoretical frame–work for providing the necessary assistance to learners to make informed career decisions. However, the actual implementation of the programme in the different schools leaves a lot to be desired, with several learning outcomes for the career guidance programme in both Form 4 and Form 5 not being achieved. The effectiveness of the annual career fair as a major method of disseminating career information to learners also came into question since most learners expressed having gained minimal benefit from it. / Thesis (M.Ed.)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2011.

This diploma thesis deals with poverty and social exclusion in the context of education, on both a theoretical and empirical level. The theoretical part provides a comprehensive picture of the phenomena of poverty, social exclusion and low-income families and then shows them towards education. The theoretical basis of the protection of families and children is also clarified in this part. The text focuses in detail on the specifics of the schooling of students from low-income families in Most, this focus is then extended by a qualitative data survey in the practical part. The research report provides interpretation of data from interviews with primary school pupils in Most, whose families meet the poverty risk attributes. The results of the practical part capture the student's perception of their educational careers. The results of research interviews are then confronted with the conclusions of the research reports mentioned in the theoretical part. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)

Thesis Career Counseling, as a part of a general system of counseling at high schools, deals with diverse approaches towards professional preparation at high schools. Any help, with making a right decision of choosing a career or continuing in studies, is undoubtedly an important source for each person at high school and has been occupying this distinctive role in education. This thesis is trying to bring about the changing of the position of Career Counselor's within the school system, in a general system of counseling. The goal of this thesis is to cover the various subjects' conception of counselors at high schools and also trying to entitle their targets in connection with reality. At the end there will be given a description and clarification of three different high schools (each with different cultural and social-economic conditions) and their correspondences towards Career counseling in cooperation with the content analyses of the subjects' conceptions of Career counseling.

This diploma thesis is divided into a theoretical and practical part. In the theoretical part, the author derives from the historical findings of Educational Counselling Facilities in the Czech Educational system. Furthermore, she focuses on the definition of Educational Counselling Facilities before the introduction of the new concept of Individual Integration in 2016, including the working methods of school guidance counsellor. The author defines the terms of Individual Integration in detail and deals with the amendment and its consequences in the work of school guidance counsellors and teachers. The practical part includes an empirical research based on semi-structured interviews with school guidance counsellors. The author summarizes the findings of her questionnaire survey carried on among schoolteachers. In the final part, the author specifies the changes in the working methods of school guidance counsellors after the implementation of the new concept of Individual Integration starting from 1st September 2016. The author also clarifies the impact of the Individual Integration concept on the everyday responsibilities of the teachers and the educational facilities from their point of view.