Charter school expansion is on the forefront of educational reform. There is currently little research on what issues charter school organizations face when they expand, how specific organizational structures are implemented during a charter school expansion process, and which structures provide a favorable outcome of the expansion. The overall goal of this study was an in-depth analysis of two expanding charter schools. This qualitative two-site case study examined several select issues that charter schools face during expansion, with the goal of identifying differences in approach, and evaluating outcomes of the expansion in the light of these differences. Two urban charter school organizations within the same city were chosen for this case study. The following are the four specific research questions addressed: 1) What issues did the selected charter school organizations face when they were expanding? 2) What type of organizational system did the charter schools have and how did that system facilitate their expansion? 3) How was information communicated during the Charter School Organizations' expansion? 4) How did the selected charter school organizations handle heightened turbulence during the expansion period? The primary sources were: 1) data obtained through interviews with three school administrators within each organization; and, 2) data collected via questionnaires in order to determine administrator's approaches to decision making, strategic plans, and communication flow within each organization. The data were analyzed and the research reflects an in-depth analysis of the varying level of turbulence experienced by each charter school organization including factors and decisions that impacted each organization's expansion process. The findings indicate that there are a variety of internal factors and external obstacles that charter school organizations must consider and ultimately overcome before and during a charter school organizational expansion. The results of these findings suggest that each organization experienced varying levels of turbulence when expanding due to a multitude of factors including relationships with stakeholders, community support, school performance, as well as the availability of resources including students, facilities, finances, and staff. Ironically, the levels of turbulence experienced by each charter school organization were quite different given the variety of factors that impacted each charter school organization's expansion. Additionally, there were only a few areas in which each charter school organization experienced similar levels of turbulence to one another. These findings indicate that while at times each charter school organization may have faced different levels of turbulence, given a variety of internal and external factors, it did not appear that these varying levels of turbulence prevented either charter school organization from expanding. Furthermore, the degree of turbulence experienced by different individuals within iv each charter school organization, based upon their positionality, was influenced by a multitude of factors that are both controllable and uncontrollable. These factors that impact the level of turbulence experienced by each organization include the organizational structure, stakeholder involvement, and the flow of communication. The benefit of this study is to better understand the variety of factors both internal and external that influence and contribute to a charter school expansion and to better understand the varying degrees of turbulence experienced by all stakeholders involved in a charter school while the organization is expanding. The results of this study provide insight regarding varying factors charter school organizations should consider when expanding and how decisions are made and communicated to all stakeholders while simultaneously considering the impact these decisions have on all individuals. / Educational Leadership

Esta pesquisa investigou a expansão do ensino médio no estado de São Paulo na década de 1990, mais precisamente no período entre 1991 e 2003, buscando compreender sua dinâmica e suas características. O crescimento das matrículas no ensino médio público foi intensificado na década de 1980, mas foi nos anos 1990 que atingiu seu ápice, produzindo a escola média massificada. Entretanto, os anos 1990 são conhecidos pela focalização das políticas no ensino fundamental, etapa para a qual convergiram os esforços governamentais, bem como a agenda da pesquisa educacional. Enquanto isso, justamente quando os olhares estavam voltados ao ensino fundamental, o ensino médio vivia o maior período do seu crescimento. Os impactos desse processo foram enormes para a rede estadual sobre a qual recai a responsabilidade constitucional pela oferta , que incorporou em número crescente um grupo social relativamente novo adolescentes, jovens e adultos que por sua vez experimentavam mutações importantes nos processos de socialização num contexto de crise do Estado, das políticas sociais e do emprego. Nesse sentido, a pesquisa se debruçou sobre as seguintes questões: Como se deu a expansão do ensino médio no estado de São Paulo, num contexto adverso em termos das políticas educacionais? Qual foi a configuração social e histórica na qual o ensino médio foi expandido? Quais foram as medidas tomadas para absorver a expansão? Para elucidar o fenômeno foram utilizadas cinco estratégias metodológicas: 1) entrevistas exploratórias com gestores educacionais; 2) levantamento e análise de dados estatísticos sobre a movimentação das matrículas; 3) análise de dados sobre o financiamento educacional; 4) levantamento em dois grandes jornais de circulação estadual de 1991 a 2003 e 5) pesquisa documental sobre as ações e os programas governamentais. A análise do corpus empírico permitiu identificar dois períodos distintos no processo de expansão do ensino médio: 1991 a 1994 e 1995 a 2003. Entre 1991 e 1995 o crescimento das matrículas foi mais intenso, chegando a 50,4%. Foram anos em que o estado de São Paulo viveu o ápice da onda jovem e um aumento significativo nos concluintes do ensino fundamental. Houve enorme pressão por vagas públicas no ensino médio, gerando um cenário de escassez. A partir de 1995 o ritmo de crescimento das matrículas diminuiu, acompanhado de uma desaceleração da onda jovem. O que caracterizou o período de 1995 a 2003 foi a mudança no padrão da oferta de ensino médio, com a implementação de uma política educacional sistêmica na rede estadual, marcada pela racionalização administrativa, criação de mecanismos de planificação da oferta escolar com centralização decisória e fortalecimento de uma burocracia interna. A matrícula automática eliminou a concorrência entre as escolas da rede estadual. De forma geral, se concluiu que as políticas educacionais tiveram papel secundário na expansão do ensino médio paulista. Maior importância pode ser atribuída ao aumento da demanda social que pressionou pela extensão da escolaridade, para além do ensino fundamental obrigatório, pressão esta ligada ao contexto demográfico e econômico e à evolução interna do atendimento educacional que foi resultado de expansões anteriores. / This research has investigated the expansion of secondary education in the state of São Paulo in the 1990s, more precisely in the period between 1991 and 2003, trying to understand its dynamics and its features. The growth of enrollment in public high school was intensified in the 1980s but it was in the 1990s that it reached its peak. It produced a mass middle school. However, the 1990s are known for focusing policies on elementary school, into which converged government efforts as well as the agenda of educational research. While the attention was drawn to elementary school, high school lived its longest period of growth. The impacts of this process were huge for the state schools network, where the constitutional responsibility for demand lies on. It incorporated the growing number of a relatively new social group teenagers, young adults and adults who in turn experienced major changes in the processes of socialization in a context of crisis of the state, social and employment policies. In this sense, the research has focused on the following questions: How has the expansion of secondary education in the state of São Paulo developed, in a difficult environment in terms of education policy? What was the social and historical setting in which high school was expanded? What measures were taken to absorb the expansion? Five methodological strategies were used to elucidate the phenomenon: 1) exploratory interviews with education managers; 2) survey and analysis of statistical data on the movement of enrollment; 3) analysis of data on educational funding; 4) survey in two major newspapers of state circulation from 1991 to 2003 and 5) documentary research on the actions and government programs. The analysis of the empirical corpus identified two distinct periods in high school expansion process: from 1991 to 1994 and from 1995 to 2003. Between 1991 and 1995 the growth in enrollment was more intense, reaching 50.4%. These were years in which the state of São Paulo lived the culmination of the \"youth wave\" and a significant increase in the number of graduates from elementary school. There was tremendous pressure for public vacancies in high school, generating a shortage scenario. As of 1995 the rate of growth of enrollments decreased accompanied by a slowdown in the \"youth wave\". The change in high school offer pattern characterized the period from 1995 to 2003, with the implementation of a systematic educational policy in the state system and marked by administrative streamlining, creating planning mechanisms of school provision with centralized decision-making and strengthening an internal bureaucracy. Automatic enrollment eliminated competition between schools of the state. Overall, it was concluded that educational policies have had a secondary role in the expansion of São Paulo high schools and greater importance may be attributed to increased social demand pressured by the extension of schooling beyond the compulsory elementary school which is linked to the demographic and economic context and the internal evolution of the educational service that was the result of previous expansions.

Esta pesquisa investigou a expansão do ensino médio no estado de São Paulo na década de 1990, mais precisamente no período entre 1991 e 2003, buscando compreender sua dinâmica e suas características. O crescimento das matrículas no ensino médio público foi intensificado na década de 1980, mas foi nos anos 1990 que atingiu seu ápice, produzindo a escola média massificada. Entretanto, os anos 1990 são conhecidos pela focalização das políticas no ensino fundamental, etapa para a qual convergiram os esforços governamentais, bem como a agenda da pesquisa educacional. Enquanto isso, justamente quando os olhares estavam voltados ao ensino fundamental, o ensino médio vivia o maior período do seu crescimento. Os impactos desse processo foram enormes para a rede estadual sobre a qual recai a responsabilidade constitucional pela oferta , que incorporou em número crescente um grupo social relativamente novo adolescentes, jovens e adultos que por sua vez experimentavam mutações importantes nos processos de socialização num contexto de crise do Estado, das políticas sociais e do emprego. Nesse sentido, a pesquisa se debruçou sobre as seguintes questões: Como se deu a expansão do ensino médio no estado de São Paulo, num contexto adverso em termos das políticas educacionais? Qual foi a configuração social e histórica na qual o ensino médio foi expandido? Quais foram as medidas tomadas para absorver a expansão? Para elucidar o fenômeno foram utilizadas cinco estratégias metodológicas: 1) entrevistas exploratórias com gestores educacionais; 2) levantamento e análise de dados estatísticos sobre a movimentação das matrículas; 3) análise de dados sobre o financiamento educacional; 4) levantamento em dois grandes jornais de circulação estadual de 1991 a 2003 e 5) pesquisa documental sobre as ações e os programas governamentais. A análise do corpus empírico permitiu identificar dois períodos distintos no processo de expansão do ensino médio: 1991 a 1994 e 1995 a 2003. Entre 1991 e 1995 o crescimento das matrículas foi mais intenso, chegando a 50,4%. Foram anos em que o estado de São Paulo viveu o ápice da onda jovem e um aumento significativo nos concluintes do ensino fundamental. Houve enorme pressão por vagas públicas no ensino médio, gerando um cenário de escassez. A partir de 1995 o ritmo de crescimento das matrículas diminuiu, acompanhado de uma desaceleração da onda jovem. O que caracterizou o período de 1995 a 2003 foi a mudança no padrão da oferta de ensino médio, com a implementação de uma política educacional sistêmica na rede estadual, marcada pela racionalização administrativa, criação de mecanismos de planificação da oferta escolar com centralização decisória e fortalecimento de uma burocracia interna. A matrícula automática eliminou a concorrência entre as escolas da rede estadual. De forma geral, se concluiu que as políticas educacionais tiveram papel secundário na expansão do ensino médio paulista. Maior importância pode ser atribuída ao aumento da demanda social que pressionou pela extensão da escolaridade, para além do ensino fundamental obrigatório, pressão esta ligada ao contexto demográfico e econômico e à evolução interna do atendimento educacional que foi resultado de expansões anteriores. / This research has investigated the expansion of secondary education in the state of São Paulo in the 1990s, more precisely in the period between 1991 and 2003, trying to understand its dynamics and its features. The growth of enrollment in public high school was intensified in the 1980s but it was in the 1990s that it reached its peak. It produced a mass middle school. However, the 1990s are known for focusing policies on elementary school, into which converged government efforts as well as the agenda of educational research. While the attention was drawn to elementary school, high school lived its longest period of growth. The impacts of this process were huge for the state schools network, where the constitutional responsibility for demand lies on. It incorporated the growing number of a relatively new social group teenagers, young adults and adults who in turn experienced major changes in the processes of socialization in a context of crisis of the state, social and employment policies. In this sense, the research has focused on the following questions: How has the expansion of secondary education in the state of São Paulo developed, in a difficult environment in terms of education policy? What was the social and historical setting in which high school was expanded? What measures were taken to absorb the expansion? Five methodological strategies were used to elucidate the phenomenon: 1) exploratory interviews with education managers; 2) survey and analysis of statistical data on the movement of enrollment; 3) analysis of data on educational funding; 4) survey in two major newspapers of state circulation from 1991 to 2003 and 5) documentary research on the actions and government programs. The analysis of the empirical corpus identified two distinct periods in high school expansion process: from 1991 to 1994 and from 1995 to 2003. Between 1991 and 1995 the growth in enrollment was more intense, reaching 50.4%. These were years in which the state of São Paulo lived the culmination of the \"youth wave\" and a significant increase in the number of graduates from elementary school. There was tremendous pressure for public vacancies in high school, generating a shortage scenario. As of 1995 the rate of growth of enrollments decreased accompanied by a slowdown in the \"youth wave\". The change in high school offer pattern characterized the period from 1995 to 2003, with the implementation of a systematic educational policy in the state system and marked by administrative streamlining, creating planning mechanisms of school provision with centralized decision-making and strengthening an internal bureaucracy. Automatic enrollment eliminated competition between schools of the state. Overall, it was concluded that educational policies have had a secondary role in the expansion of São Paulo high schools and greater importance may be attributed to increased social demand pressured by the extension of schooling beyond the compulsory elementary school which is linked to the demographic and economic context and the internal evolution of the educational service that was the result of previous expansions.

The following report is an investigation of growth strategies for charter management organizations. The report begins with an overview of the School Choice Movement and its introduction of market forces into the public education system. Drawing from the private, nonprofit and education sectors, the report introduces three existing frameworks for organizational growth and new market entry. The report evaluates the robustness of each of these frameworks as well as their applicability to charter school expansion through the lens of a case-study investigation of IDEA Public Schools’ expansion from the Rio Grande Valley to the Austin, Texas education market. The report concludes by introducing a new, cross-sector framework for charter expansion that brings together the strengths of existing models as well as the lessons learned from the IDEA case. The framework consists of four phases: pre-expansion, geographic market selection, growth mechanism selection and implementation. / text

Cette thèse analyse l’expérience lycéenne au Brésil dans le contexte de massification de ce niveau scolaire. Des entretiens semi-structurés ont été menés avec des lycéens inscrits dans des lycées publics et privés, à recrutement social contrasté, situés dans la ville brésilienne de Curitiba. La définition de l’école et du travail des lycéens, empruntée à la sociologie de l’expérience scolaire, a guidé l’analyse du matériel empirique. La première épreuve lycéenne est de gérer la sociabilité et l’efficacité scolaire. Les rapports aux collègues, aux professeurs et le choix de l’établissement dépendent des logiques priorisées par les lycéens. L’autre épreuve est de donner du sens aux connaissances scolaires. Les lycéens cherchent l’intérêt et l’utilité de ce qu’ils apprennent au lycée mais, ils n’arrivent pas toujours à les trouver. La logique de la subjectivation qui guide les découvertes et réveille les passions par des connaissances scolaires, est subordonnée à la logique instrumentale par laquelle les lycéens cherchent l’efficacité dans leur préparation aux concours d’entrée sélectifs des universités. L’enjeu de leur scolarité au lycée est d’accéder à l’université, à l’image des modèles, des proches qui ont réussi, ou de contre-modèles, ceux qui ont des métiers peu valorisés et parfois même des routines exténuantes. Si les épreuves de l’expérience lycéenne sont communes, les ressources des lycéens, qu’elles soient d’origine sociale ou de secteur du lycée sont inégales, d’où la difficulté de les surmonter. Les sentiments d’injustice du système scolaire ont engendré des mouvements lycéens revendiquant de meilleures conditions dans les lycées publics. / The present thesis analyses the schooling experience of high school students in the context of high school expansion in Brazil. High school students enrolled in private and public high schools with contrasting social recrutement were interviewed in Curitiba, Brazil. The sociological definition of the school and of the students’ work, taken form the sociology of social experience theory, guided the analysis of the empiric data. The first challenge high school students face is to dose their social life and their school outcomes. Their relations to their colleagues, their teachers and their school choice depend on whether the students prioritize an instrumental action logic or an action logic that seeks their integration in a peer group, in a class. Other challenge is to give meaning to school content. The high school students search for the interest and the utility of what they learn at school but, they do not always find it. The subjectivation logic that guide their intellectual findings and reveal passions for school contents is subordinated to the instrumental logic through which students look for the effectiveness in their preparation for the selective exams for university admission. The goal is to make it to college, as did their models, family members and close friends who made it, and to avoid the devalued and in some cases, extenuating jobs, their counter-models have. The challenges present in the high schooling experience are common to all high school students interviewed, however, the resources they dispose to face them are unequal. These vary according to the social background and the school sector student is enrolled. The feeling of the injustice of the educational system lead to students’ mouvements demanding better schooling conditions in public high schools.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-07-29T15:13:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Joao Roberto Resende Ferreira.pdf: 484554 bytes, checksum: 100446d07d8058e7d3e57b521f648d05 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-07-14 / FERREIRA, João Roberto Resende. Expansion of basic education and the relationship capital, labor and education on the 70 s in Brazil. 2011. 125 pages. Thesis (Graduate Education Program) Faculdade de Educação, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, 2011. This study is a bibliographical research which belongs to the research field of Education, Labor and Social Movements. It sets out to understand the expansion of basic education in Brazil in the context of its close relationship with capital, labor and education. The study tries to understand the logic underlying the action of capital, workers and State in relation to the school and the principles and values which inspired educational reform in the late twentieth century. It is based on the Gramscian theoretical framework in what refers to Americanism and Fordism, according to which all historical particularities require people to acquire specific formation and it is up to the different schools and intellectuals to exercise this formative function in a society of classes. In Brazil, the process of industrial expansion and unplanned urbanization generated urban contradictions and put access to education at center stage in popular struggles. / FERREIRA, João Roberto Resende. Expansão da escola básica e a relação capital, trabalho e educação no Brasil dos anos 1970. 2011. 125 páginas. Tese (Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação) Faculdade de Educação, Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG), Goiânia, 2011. Trata-se de uma pesquisa bibliográfica vinculada à Linha de Pesquisa Educação, Trabalho e Movimentos Sociais. Tem como objeto de estudo apreender a expansão da educação básica no Brasil em sua estreita relação com o capital, o trabalho e a educação. Busca-se entender a lógica que fundamenta as ações do capital, dos trabalhadores e do Estado relativas à escola e os princípios e valores que orientaram as reformas educacionais no final do século XX. Fundamenta-se no referencial teórico gramsciano referente ao americanismo e fordismo, segundo o qual toda particularidade histórica exige uma formação específica dos indivíduos, cabendo às diferentes escolas e aos diferentes intelectuais exercer essa função em uma sociedade de classes. A realização desta pesquisa permite afirmar que, no Brasil, o processo de expansão industrial e de urbanização desordenada gestou as contradições urbanas e, nas lutas populares, o acesso à escola ganhou centralidade.