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Si la loi Guizot du 28 juin 1833 a officiellement créé l'enseignement primaire en France, étonnament, l'historiographie de l'école y a porté peu d'intérêt. Notre thèse ambitionne de combler modestement ce vide en s'intéressant au positionnement de la législation scolaire par rapport à l'Ancien Régime scolaire, sous un angle pédagogique, l'organisation des classes, et structurel, à travers les écoles primaires supérieures.Dans un premier temps, les rares études consacrées à la loi nous conduisent à proposer une nouvelle lecture de la genèse du texte à partir d'une triple approche : politique, historique, et philosophique. La seconde partie est consacrée au lien pédagogique entretenu par la législation avec l'Ancien Régime scolaire. Indéniablement, certaines formes de modernité éducative émergent, même si elles resteront encore à un niveau théorique pendant de longues années durant. La troisième partie est réservée à la double influence européenne à l'oeuvre dans la loi : suisse et prussienne. Nous montrerons que François Guizot s'est appuyé sur le projet de 1798 du ministre suisse Stapfer et que Victor Cousin a importé les Bürgerschulen sur le sol français dans le but de protéger l'enseignement secondaire. À la suite, notre thèse s'attache à l'étude des écoles primaires supérieures fondées par la loi. Plutôt que de répondre à des besoins économiques nouveaux, la place qu'elles occuperont au sein de l'instruction intermédiaire permettra de réserver l'enseignement secondaire à une minorité d'élèves. Pour terminer, notre recherche se poursuit jusqu'à l'enseignement spécial de Victor Duruy, qui aurait prolongé les écoles primaires supérieures de Guizot. En conclusion, nous soulignons l'importance de la loi Guizot dans la construction de l'école moderne, mais aussi la fermeture de l'enseignement secondaire qu'elle a suscitée. / If the Guizot law of 28 june 1833 established officially the primary education in France, surprisingly, the historiography of the school had little interest in it. Our tesis aspires to fill modestly that void and is interested in the positioning of the legislation with the school of Ancien Régime, under an pedagogical angle, the organization ot the classes, and structural, through the écoles primaires supérieures.Firstly, the few studies dedicated to the law lead us to propose a new reading of the genesis of the text from a three approaches: political, historical and philosophical.The second part is devoted to the link pedagogical of the legislation with the old school system. Obviously, a certain educational modernity appear, even if they will stay at a theoretical level during many years still. The third part is dedicated to the double european influence to the law: Swiss and Prussian. We will show that Guizot relied on the school project of 1798 of the Swiss Minister Stapfer and that Victor Cousin imported the Bürgerschulen in the French ground with the aim of protecting the secondary education.Then, our tesis attemps to the study of écoles primaires supérieures funded by the law. Rather than to answer economic new needs, the place that they will occupy in the intermediate education will allow to reserve the secondary education for pupils' minority. Finally, our research goes on until the enseignement secondaire spécial of Victor Duruy, which would have extended les écoles primaires supérieures of Guizot. In conclusion, we stress the importance of the Guizot Law in the construction of the modern school, but also the closure of the secondary education it has generated.

<p>Many of the schools premises are neglected and the physical environment has not been prioritised. Instead the focus is set on scientific learning methods and pedagogic. The need for an environmental shift has not got an essential place in the governing documents for schools, although the focus on school premises should be suited to the purpose of the activity and for the pupils needs. Today the interest and the need of research within the physical environment is evermore increasing. The Swedish Work Environment Authority, present in their activityplan for 2006, that the schools premises and equipment is not adjusting to today’s activity and it is in bad condition that can lead to work-related injuries.</p><p>The purpose of this essay is to bring to light a different pedagogic train of thought around the surrounding environments importance, for students learning and to compare these with our study of a selection of classrooms and what the teachers to these classrooms consider about the environments importance. We therefore aim to focus our research on the physical environment and how that can influence the learning process. Can one overcome certain boundaries and create new possibilities in a different environment of learning?</p><p>The research declared a great number of theories that show the environment influenced students in many different ways. According to the educationalist in the study, it is important to have a miscellaneous environment so all students can learn in their ultimate way. The strict budget, schools are often left with, is preventing any positive improvements that could be made to create a more positive school environment, physically and mentally. There are many ways to get around this problem. Most important is to include everyone in the school so that they feel they are a part of that environment and that they have the power to change things.</p>

Many of the schools premises are neglected and the physical environment has not been prioritised. Instead the focus is set on scientific learning methods and pedagogic. The need for an environmental shift has not got an essential place in the governing documents for schools, although the focus on school premises should be suited to the purpose of the activity and for the pupils needs. Today the interest and the need of research within the physical environment is evermore increasing. The Swedish Work Environment Authority, present in their activityplan for 2006, that the schools premises and equipment is not adjusting to today’s activity and it is in bad condition that can lead to work-related injuries. The purpose of this essay is to bring to light a different pedagogic train of thought around the surrounding environments importance, for students learning and to compare these with our study of a selection of classrooms and what the teachers to these classrooms consider about the environments importance. We therefore aim to focus our research on the physical environment and how that can influence the learning process. Can one overcome certain boundaries and create new possibilities in a different environment of learning? The research declared a great number of theories that show the environment influenced students in many different ways. According to the educationalist in the study, it is important to have a miscellaneous environment so all students can learn in their ultimate way. The strict budget, schools are often left with, is preventing any positive improvements that could be made to create a more positive school environment, physically and mentally. There are many ways to get around this problem. Most important is to include everyone in the school so that they feel they are a part of that environment and that they have the power to change things.

This study focuses on the stories and experiences of Lummi students and their teachers at Ferndale High School from 1970 to 1980. The conditions of schooling for Lummis were affected by the climate of anti-Indian hostility which was fueled by the attitudes about Native fishing rights. This conflict, referred to as the "fishing wars," culminated in the landmark 1974 Boldt Decision. Throughout the 1970s the school was a site where the cultural and political conflicts of the community were played out. This study examines the ways that Lummi students saw the school and the choices they made for survival and resistance in a complex and adverse environment. It is also a study of the teachers who were at Ferndale during the 70s and how they conducted themselves in an explosive crosscultural educational setting. Utilizing an ethnohistorical perspective, this study brings forth the stories of both Lummi students and non- Native teachers and sets them within the context of the culture-conflict climate of Whatcom County in the 1970s. This study shows how political issues were inextricably welded to cultural issues for Indian students in the 1970s.

Orientador: Luiz Carlos Benini / Resumo: Este trabalho consiste na aplicação do método de números-índices que possuem várias formas de ser calculado de acordo com os diferentes estudiosos que já realizaram este método, deixando um belo legado. Apresenta os estudos realizados por alguns dos principais nomes que utilizaram números-índices e suas expressões para os cálculos. Além disso, baseado na metodologia do DIEESE e através de uma coleta de dados realizada em dois mercados em dois bairros da cidade de Presidente Prudente, foi calculado e analisado o valor da cesta básica de alimentos, juntamente com as horas necessárias trabalhadas e algumas outras análises feitas com esses dados coletados. A coleta dos dados foi realizada por alguns alunos que frequentam a Escola Estadual Vereador Pedro Tófano da cidade. Os resultados obtidos estão apresentados em tabelas e gráficos, que são meios fáceis de serem analisados, além da aplicação de algumas expressões com seus respectivos cálculos e resultados. Com estes resultados foi possível observar a realidade dos trabalhadores ao adquirir uma cesta básica. Além disso, foi observado, dentre os Números Índices estudados, a variação dos preços ao longo do período proposto, de maio a setembro, podendo então ser analisado o comportamento e a tendência dos preços dos produtos praticados pelos estabelecimentos visitados. / Mestre

Submitted by Thiago Scarini Ferrari (t_scarini@hotmail.com) on 2017-09-01T19:39:29Z No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertaçãocompleta.pdf: 1054173 bytes, checksum: d6f2047744d22f7493ec7f5e5c564187 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luiz Galeffi (luizgaleffi@gmail.com) on 2017-09-06T13:55:11Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 ferrari_ts_me_sjrp.pdf: 1054173 bytes, checksum: d6f2047744d22f7493ec7f5e5c564187 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-09-06T13:55:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ferrari_ts_me_sjrp.pdf: 1054173 bytes, checksum: d6f2047744d22f7493ec7f5e5c564187 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-08-10 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Este trabalho consiste na aplicação do método de números-índices que possuem várias formas de ser calculado de acordo com os diferentes estudiosos que já realizaram este método, deixando um belo legado. Apresenta os estudos realizados por alguns dos principais nomes que utilizaram números-índices e suas expressões para os cálculos. Além disso, baseado na metodologia do DIEESE e através de uma coleta de dados realizada em dois mercados em dois bairros da cidade de Presidente Prudente, foi calculado e analisado o valor da cesta básica de alimentos, juntamente com as horas necessárias trabalhadas e algumas outras análises feitas com esses dados coletados. A coleta dos dados foi realizada por alguns alunos que frequentam a Escola Estadual Vereador Pedro Tófano da cidade. Os resultados obtidos estão apresentados em tabelas e gráficos, que são meios fáceis de serem analisados, além da aplicação de algumas expressões com seus respectivos cálculos e resultados. Com estes resultados foi possível observar a realidade dos trabalhadores ao adquirir uma cesta básica. Além disso, foi observado, dentre os Números Índices estudados, a variação dos preços ao longo do período proposto, de maio a setembro, podendo então ser analisado o comportamento e a tendência dos preços dos produtos praticados pelos estabelecimentos visitados. / This work consists of the application of the index-number method that has several ways of being calculated according to the different scholars who have already done this method, leaving a beautiful legacy. It presents the studies performed by some of the main names that used index numbers and their expressions for calculations. In addition, based on the DIEESE methodology and through a data collection conducted in two markets in two neighborhoods of the city of Presidente Prudente, the value of the basic food basket will be calculated and analyzed along with the necessary hours worked and some other analyzes Made with this collected data. This collection was carried out by some students who attend the state public education of the city. The results are presented basically in the format of tables and graphs, which are easy means to be analyzed, besides the application of some expressions with their respective calculations and results. With these results it is possible to observe the reality of the workers when acquiring a basic basket. In addition, it was observed, among all the indices studied, its variation over the proposed period, from May to September, and then to study and analyze the price variation of the products of the analyzed markets.

This study focuses on the stories and experiences of Lummi students and their teachers at Ferndale High School from 1970 to 1980. The conditions of schooling for Lummis were affected by the climate of anti-Indian hostility which was fueled by the attitudes about Native fishing rights. This conflict, referred to as the "fishing wars," culminated in the landmark 1974 Boldt Decision. Throughout the 1970s the school was a site where the cultural and political conflicts of the community were played out. This study examines the ways that Lummi students saw the school and the choices they made for survival and resistance in a complex and adverse environment. It is also a study of the teachers who were at Ferndale during the 70s and how they conducted themselves in an explosive crosscultural educational setting. Utilizing an ethnohistorical perspective, this study brings forth the stories of both Lummi students and non- Native teachers and sets them within the context of the culture-conflict climate of Whatcom County in the 1970s. This study shows how political issues were inextricably welded to cultural issues for Indian students in the 1970s. / Education, Faculty of / Educational Studies (EDST), Department of / Graduate

Nella prima parte la tesi analizza la fondazione e i primi anni di attività dei quattro collegi femminili fondati in età napoleonica: il Reale Collegio delle fanciulle di Milano, il Collegio agli angeli di Verona, il Collegio san Benedetto di Montagnana e il collegio Maria Cosway di Lodi. Lo studio è stato condotto mediante una puntuale attività di ricerca negli archivi di stato di Milano, Verona e Venezia, e nell'archivio comunale di Montagnana. Il collegio di Milano fu il modello per gli altri collegi, ai quali fornì l'esempio dei regolamenti, dei programmi di studio e più in generale, dell'impostazione pedagogica complessiva di un moderno convitto laicale. Nel presente lavoro quindi vengono ricostruite la giornata delle educande e il livello della loro preparazione culturale in un'ottica di un rinnovato modello di donna. Si analizzano con attenzione i libri di testo adottati per comprendere la qualità dei saperi riservati alle donne. Nell'ultima parte della tesi, vi è uno studio quantitativo relativo all'età delle alunne e alla loro provenienza geografica e sociale. / In the first part the doctoral thesis analyses the foundation and the first years of activity of the four girls' boarding schools founded during the Napoleonic age: the Reale Collegio delle fanciulle in Milan, the Collegio agli angeli in Verona, the Collegio San Benedetto in Montagnana and the Collegio Maria Cosway in Lodi. The survey has been pursued through accurate researches in the state archives in Milan, Verona and Venice and in the municipal archives in Montagnana. The Milan girls' boarding school was the model for the other schools, to which it provided paragon for regulations, curricula and in general for comprehensive pedagogic methods of a modern lay boarding school. This work reconstructs the boarders' daily life and the level of their cultural background in the perspective of a renewed idea of woman. The chosen textbooks are carefully examined to understand the quality of knowledge intended for women. In the last part of the dissertation there is a quantitative study about the age of the schoolgirls and about their social and geographical provenance.

本研究係以苗栗縣的國民中學(簡稱國中)校史檔案為研究對象，針對學校校史檔案管理與應用之現況調查與探討，其中檔案管理部分包括校史室的建置與情形、行政管理的情形，應用包括資料編修、研究及展示等，藉以了解校史建置工作的歷程和困難點，希望能提供進一步的改善方法，供需建置校史的學校參考。 本研究藉由對苗栗縣國民中學校史檔案管理與運用情形的了解與探討，進而分析目前苗栗縣國民中學校史檔案典藏管理及面臨方式問題和解決之道，研究結果期盼相關單位對校史檔案及校史價值能有更多的認識與討論，使這些珍貴的學校資產能得到應有的重視，並獲得妥善的保存與維護。 本研究所採行的方法為「問卷調查法」與「訪談法」，問卷調查以各校校史檔案管理人員為問卷填寫對象；訪談以各校校史檔案管理人員或實際從事校史編纂工作相關人員做為訪談對象，主要對象是校長秘書、總務主任、設備組長、圖書館管理人員或兼任校史檔案管理工作之行政幹部。 本研究主要目的是探討苗栗縣國民中學校史檔案管理與運用情形，並透過問卷調查及訪談的方式，了解苗栗縣國民中學校史檔案管理與運用現況所面臨的困境，提出研究結論如下：一、苗栗縣各國民中學校史檔案管理單位不一，學校校史檔案無專責人員；二、苗栗縣各國民中學校史室之成立與使用規模；三、苗栗縣各國民中學學校大都未有校史設置作業法規；四、苗栗縣各國民中學大都欠缺校史檔案的徵集政策；五、苗栗縣各國民中學學校校史檔案整理分類作業情形現況；六、苗栗縣各國民中學學校校史檔案的維護及其他安全措施；七、苗栗縣國民中學學校校史檔案目前保存的狀況；八、苗栗縣各國民中學校史檔案的運用面向。 學校是教育的重鎮，成立學校的最終目標是培養將來社會的人才，學校一切的工作都是以此為出發點，在實現此一目標之時，需要學校所有的處室配合，其中最重要的一項就是學校校史檔案工作。學校校史檔案管理工作是隨學校發展而展開的，學校校史檔案工作是為整各學校教育單位服務，也應該屬於行政部門的一部分，檔案管理單位是做好學校校史檔案的保障。本研究提出五項建議如下：一、盡速訂定校史設置作業法規；二、配置校史檔案管理專責人員；三、擬訂校史檔案的徵集政策；四、妥善進行校史檔案之整理與分類；五、實體校史檔案之管理與數位校史檔案之備份儲存。 / Using the archives of junior high school in Miaoli County as an object of study, this study assess the management of school history archives (SHA) and provide extensive discussions of its current applications. The section of SHA management examines the foundation and administration of school archives room; the section of applications is primarily concerned with literature revision, research and exhibition. Our objective in this study is to address the process and challenges regarding the establishment of SHA, and to present improvement approaches as a reference for schools being in need of SHA establishment. The focus of discussions presented in this study is on the management of SHA and its application in order to provide analyses related to administration of SHA management, encountered problems, and solutions, in junior high school in Miaoli County. Findings have broad implications in a number of areas: corresponding departments’ growing understanding of SHA and its value, holding high regard for school assets, and being concerned with maintaining and preserving access to historical collection. The methods to carry out this study were using questionnaire survey and interviewing. The participants for questionnaire survey were administrators at school archives, and those for interviewing were selected from the administrators at school archives or the professional staff members responsible for archival materials (e.g., Principal’s secretary, Chief of General Affair Section, Section Chief of Teaching Facilities, school librarian, and administrative workers). The major purpose of the present study was to investigate the management and application of archival materials in junior high school in Miaoli County. By utilizing questionnaire survey and interviewing, we present a conceptual framework for the process and challenges regarding the establishment of SHA. The results revealed that, first, no steering committee responsible for any aspect of selection, preservation, or use of archival materials; second, the foundation and scale of SHA in junior high schools in Miaoli County; third, junior high schools in Miaoli County does not establish basic working rules; fourth, most junior high schools in Miaoli County lack regulations in relation to SHA; fifth, the current condition of archival material classification in junior high school in Miaoli County; sixth, maintenance policy and other measurements concerning archival materials in junior high school in Miaoli County; seventh, current condition of archival material maintenance in junior high school in Miaoli County; eighth, application of archival material in junior high school in Miaoli County. School is the cradle of education. The object of education is to create suitable member of the society. Cooperation between different offices and management of SHA in a school may be of importance in explaining how all the works in a school are designed to reach this goal. Furthermore, the management of SHA not only booms with school development, but facilitates collaboration and consensus, which also belongs to part of the administration division; the dept. of SHA definitely plays a vital part, taking responsibility for school history archive. While this study has limitations, 5 suggestions are given as follows: 1.establishment of basic working rules and regulations; 2. organization of steering committee of individuals responsible for historical documents; 3. collection policy to define the types of archival materials to be collected; 4. proper use of organization and categorization; 5. management of paper format SHA and backup copy of digital format SHA. Key Words: archives management; school history archives; junior high school archives