This paper explores representations of nature that emerge through the ecological management of Mildred Lake, Syncrude’s Alberta-based oil sands extraction facility. Examining the ways Mildred Lake’s ecology has been re-presented by site eco-management teams, I argue that technologically produced visions help reproduce the regime of power infusing a state-sanctioned scientific practice of eco-management. ‘Using governmentality theory, Chapter 1 contextualizes activities at Mildred Lake: I show how the Alberta government, tethering the growth of the oil sands to technological innovation, submits eco-management questions to a capital-driven state-developmental framework. Chapter 2 examines how state-sanctioned science is discursively performed through eco-management acts. Chapter 3 uses a case study approach to consider three Mildred Lake eco-management projects: Beaver Creek, the Tailings Pond, and reclamation. While Mildred Lake’s eco-management practices cannot withstand critical scrutiny, they reveal the culturally and ecologically significant transformations of nature required to sustain authority amid the destructive effects of bitumen extraction.

This paper explores representations of nature that emerge through the ecological management of Mildred Lake, Syncrude’s Alberta-based oil sands extraction facility. Examining the ways Mildred Lake’s ecology has been re-presented by site eco-management teams, I argue that technologically produced visions help reproduce the regime of power infusing a state-sanctioned scientific practice of eco-management. ‘Using governmentality theory, Chapter 1 contextualizes activities at Mildred Lake: I show how the Alberta government, tethering the growth of the oil sands to technological innovation, submits eco-management questions to a capital-driven state-developmental framework. Chapter 2 examines how state-sanctioned science is discursively performed through eco-management acts. Chapter 3 uses a case study approach to consider three Mildred Lake eco-management projects: Beaver Creek, the Tailings Pond, and reclamation. While Mildred Lake’s eco-management practices cannot withstand critical scrutiny, they reveal the culturally and ecologically significant transformations of nature required to sustain authority amid the destructive effects of bitumen extraction.

This dissertation seeks to avoid two extremes that have polarized literary debate: on the one hand, a strong constructivism that reduces environments to textual effects; and, on the other hand, a strong realism that elides language's constructive power, assuming texts' mimetic transparency. Positioning itself within the ecocritical attempt to reconnect text and environment, my project articulates a constructive vision of material representation that I call "constrained realism." Katherine L. Hayles's "constrained constructivism" emphasizes the constructed nature of scientific knowledge while asserting science's truth; conversely, "constrained realism" re-emphasizes the material real's influence on literature while acknowledging representation's limitations. My project adapts Bruno Latour's work in science studies to literary texts, reconceiving written representation as a dynamic process of human/material interaction. My reassessment of literary materiality extends to both canonical and neglected American texts that address representational anxieties about materiality. First, I examine how the work of Henry David Thoreau presents the relation between a material world and written text as actively constructed and mutually constituted, a relationship that necessitates Thoreau's self-reflexive engagement with language. A similar dynamic between material observation and skepticism about language informs Frank Norris's

This project documents my efforts to publish STS- and gender theory-informed articles in engineering education journals. It analyzes the processes of writing and revising three articles submitted to three different journals, aiming to shed light on the field of engineering education, gender research therein, and contribute to feminist science studies literature on the challenges and opportunities of interdisciplinary work across women's studies and STEM fields. Building upon Wenger's concept of brokering, I analyze how I brought previously underexplored STS and feminist theory literature into engineering education journals. In producing this dissertation, I aim to illuminate some of the efforts and challenges of bringing STS and Women's Studies (WS) topics into engineering education journals – thus producing an account of brokering practices and an example of scalable scholarship. The first chapter introduces engineering education research (EER) as a field of inquiry, situates my project with respect to current feminist science studies, summarizes the framework of brokering that informs my analyses, and describes my methodology. The second chapter describes my initial attempts at brokering by identifying and bridging differences and the preliminary brokering practices that emerged through writing and revising the first of my three articles. It discusses an article published in Journal of Engineering Education that analyzes the uses of feminist theory in EER and argues that further engagement with a broader range of feminist theories could benefit EER. The third chapter describes how some of these practices were reinforced, but also supplemented, while writing and revising the second article. It discusses an article published in International Journal of Engineering Education that analyzes problematizations of underrepresentation in EER and argues that further reflection upon and formal discussion of how underrepresentation is framed could benefit EER. The forth chapter describes how the established brokering practices guided writing the third article, making the process easier as I had become more comfortable with the requirements and challenges of brokering. It discusses an article submitted to European Journal of Engineering Education that analyzes feminist research methodologies in the context of EER, using data from interviews with feminist engineering educators. The fifth chapter concludes by summarizing the brokering practices and discussing their respective challenges, discussing the implications of this project for STS and WS, and, finally, by discussing other implications for peer review engineering education. The Appendix contains aims, scope, author guidelines, and review criteria for the three journals. Chapters 2, 3, and 4 each begin with a narrative recounting of the practices of brokering that went into producing and revising each article. The narratives describe processes of writing and preparing to submit the articles, reviews received, and subsequent revision processes. The published or submitted articles appear after the brokering narrative. / Ph. D.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Fundação Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro / Nosso trabalho tem como objetivo central mostrar que as mudanças ocorridas no modo de produção da ciência contemporânea possuem implicações, tanto para os aspectos sociológicos da ciência quanto para os seus princípios filosóficos, que ainda apontam para uma necessidade de uma análise da relação entre ciência e sociedade. Baseamos nossa tese no trabalho desenvolvido pelo físico e epistemólogo da ciência John Michael Ziman F. R. S. (1925-2005), que defende que as mudanças ocorridas nos últimos 60 anos, relacionadas a uma nova forma de organizar, gerir e financiar a prática científica, i.e., a uma nova forma de prática científica, levaram ao surgimento de uma ciência pós-acadêmica ou pós-industrial. Sua consequência mais grave é a incorporação de um novo ethos científico, que tem como base princípios gerenciais, em detrimento do ethos mertoniano, cujo objetivo principal seria a manutenção de princípios que foram histórica e socialmente defendidos pelos cientistas em um ideal de ciência acadêmica, tais como os de objetividade, busca da verdade e autonomia, ainda que como ideais reguladores. Contudo, mostraremos que Ziman não adere à interpretação tradicional do ethos mertoniano, que o associa a uma epistemologia fundacionista. Além disso, ele reformula, seguindo as novas filosofia e sociologia da ciência, os ideais epistêmicos preconizados pelas tendências positivistas e neopositivistas, em especial a noção da objetividade. Para Ziman, a ciência ainda produz conhecimento confiável, pois possui um mecanismo cooperativo de produção, que tem como base a crítica entre os pares. / The major objective of this work is to demonstrate that the changes occurred in the last sixty years in the way science is organized, managed and funded, i.e., in the mode of knowledge production, have consequences both to the sociological and to the philosophical principles of science. Those changes raise the necessity to analyse sience and society relationship. Our thesis is mainly based on the work of the physicist and epistemologist John Michael Ziman F. R. S. (1925-2005), who argued that the collectivization of science led to a new mode of knowledge production called post-academic or post industrial science. One of its major consequences is related to the changes on the scientific ethos. In a post academic science a new ethos of science, based on managerial values, is deflating the mertonian ethos, which main goal would be the maintenance of principles historically and socially shared by scientists, in an ideal of academic science, such as objectivity, search for truth and autonomy (even tough as regulatory principles). Furthermore we will show that Ziman does not incorporate the traditional interpretation of the mertonian ethos, which associates it to a fundacionist epistemology. Besides that, he reinterprets it - by following the new trends in philosophy and in sociology of science the epistemic ideals preconised by the positivists and neo-positivists, specially the notion of objectivity. In Zimans point of view, we can still trust science, because it has a social mechanism of knowledge production that is based on the cooperation and organized scepticism.

Cette thèse vise à étudier la géographie urbaine critique en suivant trois groupes contemporains qui s'en réclament : le GESP (Grupo de Estudos sobre São Paulo) au Brésil, Kritische Geographie Berlin en Allemagne et le réseau international INURA (International Network for Urban Research and Action). Cette démarche inspirée des science studies implique de s‘intéresser autant à leurs pratiques qu’aux savoirs qu’ils produisent. Dans cette optique, les idées n’existent que parce qu’elles sont portées, mobilisées et diffusées par des collectifs. A partir des données collectées auprès de ces groupes, il est possible, par recoupements, de définir la géographie urbaine critique par sa position de seuil : au seuil du normatif et du descriptif, de la théorie et de la pratique, aux marges de l’université et des champs scientifiques. Ce travail cherche également à évaluer si les liens entre les trois groupes sont assez denses pour qu’il soit possible de parler d’un courant de pensée mondial. / The aim of this dissertation is to study critical urban geography through three contemporary groups which claim to partake in it : Brazil’s GESP (Grupo de Estudos sobre São Paulo), Germany’s Kritische Geographie Berlin, and the international network of INURA (International Network for Urban Research and Action). This method is inspired by the science studies and implies studying what is being done just as much as whatever theoretical content is being produced. In this view, ideas exist only insofar as they are borne, carried out and broadcast by these groups. From the data collected, it is possible, by crosschecking, to define critical urban geography as « on the threshold » : between the normative and the descriptive, between theory and practice, at the margins of the academic and scientific fields. This research also purports to assess whether the bonds between these groups are strong enough to allow us to talk about a global current of thought.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Com esta tese, eu examino a relação entre ciência e sociedade a partir das novas discussões no interior da filosofia da ciência, suscitadas, em grande parte, pelos trabalhos empíricos produzidos pelos science studies. Trata-se de uma abordagem temática, na qual eu discorro sobre as principais teses dos profissionais mais renomados e autorizados de escrita inglesa nas áreas de história da ciência, sociologia da ciência e filosofia da ciência, tais como Thomas Kuhn, Paul Feyerabend, David Bloor, Ian Hacking, Bruno Latour, Peter Galison, Joseph Rouse e Steve Fuller. O argumento que eu desenvolvo é o de que, apesar de a contribuição fornecida por esses autores, ainda persiste uma assimetria no tratamento do problema: passamos a dispor de uma concepção bem mais rica e adequada de ciência graças a seus trabalhos; em contrapartida, permanecemos com uma concepção de sociedade bastante reificada. A filosofia da ciência, em parceria com os science studies, poderia auxiliar na mudança desse quadro indesejável com as suas ferramentas da crítica e com a sua visão de conjunto. / This thesis aims to exam the problem of the relationship between science and society. We focus on the new discussions inside the philosophy of science, which were mainly brought up by the empirical works from science studies. It is a thematic approach in which I shall discuss the main theses that have been carried out by the most notably writers in English Literature in the fields of history of science, sociology of science and philosophy of science, such as Thomas Kuhn, Paul Feyerabend, David Bloor, Ian Hacking, Bruno Latour, Peter Galison, Joseph Rouse and Steve Fuller. The argument which I defend is that despite the contribution that those authors have made, one can still notice an asymmetric approach to the problem mentioned above. On the one hand there has been available a richer and more adequate conception of science thanks to their works, but on the other hand still remains a much reified conception of science. The philosophy of science in partnership with science studies could help to change this undesired picture by making use of its critical arguments and its overview of the problems concerning the so special relation between science and society.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Com esta tese, eu examino a relação entre ciência e sociedade a partir das novas discussões no interior da filosofia da ciência, suscitadas, em grande parte, pelos trabalhos empíricos produzidos pelos science studies. Trata-se de uma abordagem temática, na qual eu discorro sobre as principais teses dos profissionais mais renomados e autorizados de escrita inglesa nas áreas de história da ciência, sociologia da ciência e filosofia da ciência, tais como Thomas Kuhn, Paul Feyerabend, David Bloor, Ian Hacking, Bruno Latour, Peter Galison, Joseph Rouse e Steve Fuller. O argumento que eu desenvolvo é o de que, apesar de a contribuição fornecida por esses autores, ainda persiste uma assimetria no tratamento do problema: passamos a dispor de uma concepção bem mais rica e adequada de ciência graças a seus trabalhos; em contrapartida, permanecemos com uma concepção de sociedade bastante reificada. A filosofia da ciência, em parceria com os science studies, poderia auxiliar na mudança desse quadro indesejável com as suas ferramentas da crítica e com a sua visão de conjunto. / This thesis aims to exam the problem of the relationship between science and society. We focus on the new discussions inside the philosophy of science, which were mainly brought up by the empirical works from science studies. It is a thematic approach in which I shall discuss the main theses that have been carried out by the most notably writers in English Literature in the fields of history of science, sociology of science and philosophy of science, such as Thomas Kuhn, Paul Feyerabend, David Bloor, Ian Hacking, Bruno Latour, Peter Galison, Joseph Rouse and Steve Fuller. The argument which I defend is that despite the contribution that those authors have made, one can still notice an asymmetric approach to the problem mentioned above. On the one hand there has been available a richer and more adequate conception of science thanks to their works, but on the other hand still remains a much reified conception of science. The philosophy of science in partnership with science studies could help to change this undesired picture by making use of its critical arguments and its overview of the problems concerning the so special relation between science and society.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Fundação Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro / Nosso trabalho tem como objetivo central mostrar que as mudanças ocorridas no modo de produção da ciência contemporânea possuem implicações, tanto para os aspectos sociológicos da ciência quanto para os seus princípios filosóficos, que ainda apontam para uma necessidade de uma análise da relação entre ciência e sociedade. Baseamos nossa tese no trabalho desenvolvido pelo físico e epistemólogo da ciência John Michael Ziman F. R. S. (1925-2005), que defende que as mudanças ocorridas nos últimos 60 anos, relacionadas a uma nova forma de organizar, gerir e financiar a prática científica, i.e., a uma nova forma de prática científica, levaram ao surgimento de uma ciência pós-acadêmica ou pós-industrial. Sua consequência mais grave é a incorporação de um novo ethos científico, que tem como base princípios gerenciais, em detrimento do ethos mertoniano, cujo objetivo principal seria a manutenção de princípios que foram histórica e socialmente defendidos pelos cientistas em um ideal de ciência acadêmica, tais como os de objetividade, busca da verdade e autonomia, ainda que como ideais reguladores. Contudo, mostraremos que Ziman não adere à interpretação tradicional do ethos mertoniano, que o associa a uma epistemologia fundacionista. Além disso, ele reformula, seguindo as novas filosofia e sociologia da ciência, os ideais epistêmicos preconizados pelas tendências positivistas e neopositivistas, em especial a noção da objetividade. Para Ziman, a ciência ainda produz conhecimento confiável, pois possui um mecanismo cooperativo de produção, que tem como base a crítica entre os pares. / The major objective of this work is to demonstrate that the changes occurred in the last sixty years in the way science is organized, managed and funded, i.e., in the mode of knowledge production, have consequences both to the sociological and to the philosophical principles of science. Those changes raise the necessity to analyse sience and society relationship. Our thesis is mainly based on the work of the physicist and epistemologist John Michael Ziman F. R. S. (1925-2005), who argued that the collectivization of science led to a new mode of knowledge production called post-academic or post industrial science. One of its major consequences is related to the changes on the scientific ethos. In a post academic science a new ethos of science, based on managerial values, is deflating the mertonian ethos, which main goal would be the maintenance of principles historically and socially shared by scientists, in an ideal of academic science, such as objectivity, search for truth and autonomy (even tough as regulatory principles). Furthermore we will show that Ziman does not incorporate the traditional interpretation of the mertonian ethos, which associates it to a fundacionist epistemology. Besides that, he reinterprets it - by following the new trends in philosophy and in sociology of science the epistemic ideals preconised by the positivists and neo-positivists, specially the notion of objectivity. In Zimans point of view, we can still trust science, because it has a social mechanism of knowledge production that is based on the cooperation and organized scepticism.

<p>Eftersom det inte finns något universellt rätt eller fel sätt att hantera jordens resurser så håller etiska frågor på att bli en allt viktigare del av diskussionen kring våra gemensamma tillgångar. Det övergripande syftet med uppsatsen är att undersöka och beskriva gymnasieungdomars etiska tankar kring människans förhållande till naturen. För analysen används två perspektiv som står i konflikt med varandra, nämligen de miljöetiska centrismerna och ekofeminismen, som kritiserar centrismtanken.</p><p>Sex gymnasieungdomar har intervjuats i grupper om tre angående sin syn på människans förhållande till naturen. Resultatet pekar på att elevernas miljöetik är mestadels antropocentrisk, med vissa inslag av djurrättsbiocentrism, och att de ser omsorg som ett moraliskt motiv.</p><p>I diskussionen problematiseras resultatet i förhållande till de två synsätten och kopplingar görs till den svenska samhällsdebatten, media och tecknad film. Slutsatsen är att omsorgsdimensionen bör stärkas i naturkunskapsundervisningen eftersom den idag är en outnyttjad resurs i fråga om att skapa engagemang för miljöfrågorna, men att man samtidigt inte får glömma bort att fakta utgör en viktig del av välgrundade beslut.</p> / <p>Solving environmental issues is not only a matter of good knowledge but also of ethics, since there is no absolute right or wrong in man’s way of handling nature. To be able to design a science education that meets governmental requirements and enables the students to participate in future environmental discussions it is important to be aware of their own ethic reflections. The over all aim of this study is to describe and survey the environmental ethics of students in the age of 16-19 years.</p><p>Six students at the age of 16-19 was interviewed concerning their opinion on man’s relationship to nature. The result shows that the environmental ethics of these students is mostly anthropocentric with a certain amount of animal rights biocentrism and that they consider care to be a moral reason.</p><p>The result is discussed in relation to the two different perspectives and the author makes connections to social debate, media and cartoons. The conclusion is that the perspective of care should receive more attention in science education. Care is today an unused resource of involvement to environmental issues. Finally the author pinpoints the fact that also good knowledge is absolutely necessary when making sensible decisions.</p>