The Yukon Umbrella Final Agreement was signed in 1993 and Chapter 16 allows Yukon First Nations to govern wildlife harvest on traditional territories. First Nation governments manage wildlife using traditional ecological knowledge and have started to collect harvest data to inventory wildlife use and incorporate in management. A workshop, hosted near Lake Laberge by Ta�an Kw�ch��n, facilitated discussion amongst First Nation delegates regarding wildlife harvest data collection was conducted November 5 and 6, 2009. A questionnaire was conducted prior to the workshop to provide guidance for discussion topics. The workshop had four objectives: 1) understand the importance of First Nation harvest data and how the data will be used during management decisions, 2) discuss methods used to collect harvest data and potential for a unified approach, 3) discuss potential methods for storing data, protecting confidentiality while allowing effective management, and 4) produce a document that can be used to implement or improve harvest data collection. This project will fulfill the fourth objective by summarizing the workshop content, explore the factors that promote and hinder data collection, and the intermediate and long-term objectives that will allow First Nation governments to become effective co-management partners while ensuring their traditional lifestyle and connection to the land is not lost.

Recently, the maximum drawdown (MD) has been proposed as an alternative risk measure ideal for capturing downside risk. Furthermore, the maximum drawdown is associated with a Pain ratio and therefore may be a desirable insurance product. This thesis focuses on the pricing of the discrete maximum drawdown option under jump-diffusion by solving the associated partial integro differential equation (PIDE). To achieve this, a finite difference method is used to solve a set of one-dimensional PIDEs and appropriate observation conditions are applied at a set of observation dates. We handle arbitrary strikes on the option for both the absolute and relative maximum drawdown and then show that a similarity reduction is possible for the absolute maximum drawdown with zero strike, and for the relative maximum drawdown with arbitrary strike. We present numerical tests of validation and convergence for various grid types and interpolation methods. These results are in agreement with previous results for the maximum drawdown and indicate that scaled grids using a tri-linear interpolation achieves the best rate of convergence. A comparison with mutual fund fees is performed to illustrate a possible rationalization for why investors continue to purchase such funds, with high management fees.

The Yukon Umbrella Final Agreement was signed in 1993 and Chapter 16 allows Yukon First Nations to govern wildlife harvest on traditional territories. First Nation governments manage wildlife using traditional ecological knowledge and have started to collect harvest data to inventory wildlife use and incorporate in management. A workshop, hosted near Lake Laberge by Ta�an Kw�ch��n, facilitated discussion amongst First Nation delegates regarding wildlife harvest data collection was conducted November 5 and 6, 2009. A questionnaire was conducted prior to the workshop to provide guidance for discussion topics. The workshop had four objectives: 1) understand the importance of First Nation harvest data and how the data will be used during management decisions, 2) discuss methods used to collect harvest data and potential for a unified approach, 3) discuss potential methods for storing data, protecting confidentiality while allowing effective management, and 4) produce a document that can be used to implement or improve harvest data collection. This project will fulfill the fourth objective by summarizing the workshop content, explore the factors that promote and hinder data collection, and the intermediate and long-term objectives that will allow First Nation governments to become effective co-management partners while ensuring their traditional lifestyle and connection to the land is not lost.

This study examines curriculum vitae (CV) data from 447 scientists and engineers at academic research centers in the United States, ranging from post-doctoral researchers to full professors and research directors in order to figure out the pattern of scientific discipline trajectory and the relation of the scientists discipline mobility to productivity. This study shows that natural sciences have highest percentage of scientists who have the same bachelors degree field as their highest degree field and higher degree of mobility across the disciplines is negatively associated with their productivity. On the contrary, for life sciences, higher degree of mobility across the disciplines is positively associated with scientific productivity.

The main purpose of this study was to explore the influence of using "scientific inquiry ability scoring rubric" to be the learning scaffold and self-assessment stratagem in experiment curriculum on students' scientific inquiry ability. A quasi-experimental study was implemented in a university for one semester. Of the two classes participated in this study, one received the designed teaching stratagem and the other the traditional experiment curriculum. Students' reports were scored and sufficient data of quality were collected after each experiment to test the differences of the two classess, further analysed the self-assessment data and learning-questionnaire to assess students¡¦ perceptions. In addition, the influence of students' motive on learning was also investigated. The results obtained from this study are summarized as follows: 1. Among six abilities studied those belonging to "Nature of scientific inquiry" and "Communication"¡]¡¨forming a question¡¨, ¡¨the completeness of procedures¡¨, ¡¨the sufficiency of data¡¨, ¡§the organization of data¡¨, ¡§transferring data¡¨, ¡§reviewing and evaluating¡¨¡^had a greater progress under this stratagem. 2. Students changed step by step on four inquiry-ability dimensions (i.e., bring up self inquiry questions, try to transfer data to improve science communication etc.) during this investigation period. 3. The correlation between assessments of teachers' and those of students' increased gradually, but there was no significant difference in performance between hit and miss self-assessors. 4. Students had positive attitudes toward the self-assessment questionnaire. About 80¢Mstudents accepted that using the rubrics was beneficial for learning."Attitude" and "Science Learning Value" are the two items of students' motive that showed significant relation with their learning effects.

The objective of this research is to discuss the scientific story intergrated in science curriculum about the students¡¦ attitude towards science and conceptions of the nature of science . This research made use of the Static-group comparison design method for use in quasi-experimental research. The first step was to collect the related scientific background and a scientists¡¦ information, and then create a fictitious story according to the situation in an experimental teaching process, and finally issue a questionnaire in order to understand the students¡¦ experience and conviction. Our research samples were 4 grade 5 classes from a school in Kaohsiung, selected as our test group. Our control groups were 5 classes chosen from another school in Kaohsiung City. We made use of both quantitative and qualitative analysis to collect the data and analyze the information, and the research included the original Questionnaire on the nature of science, Questionnaire on learning science, and an interview information sheet. The questionnaire on the nature of science was analyzed using descriptive statistics and the t-test to obtain a quantitative analysis. The questionnaire on learning science uses percentiles and inductive analysis to obtain a quantitative analysis, with an interview providing qualitative information. The research results indicated that the students enjoyed the fictitious story curriculum, and especially enjoyed hearing about the scientists¡¦ background, as the students believed the stories could assist them in their learning. The students¡¦ attitudes were found to be positive, as the stories were thought to assist them in their learning. Thus, the students were highly interested in the curriculum, though the attitude towards the image of the scientists was not as positive, as was their attitude towards science career planning. On the point of the nature of science, students in the test group were modern minded, and the test group achieved more than the control group. On the quantity and quality of the students¡¦ knowledge, there were significant differences between the test group and the control group. Therefore, the recommendation of this research is that teachers, if interested in this teaching approach, should attempt to collect information on the scientists and their backgrounds. Also, the history of science should be taught to training teachers during their teaching training program. This will assist the teacher in becoming an effective aid towards the students learning of science.

I propose a particle-based technique for simulating incompressible uid that includes adaptive re nement of particle sampling. Each particle represents a mass of uid in its local region. Particles are split into several particles for ner sampling in regions of complex ow. In regions of smooth ow, neghboring particles can be merged. Depth below the surface and Reynolds number are exploited as our criteria for determining whether splitting or merging should take place. For the uid dynamics calculations, I use the hybrid FLIP method, which is computationally simple and e cient. Since the uid is incompressible, each particle has a volume proportional to its mass. A kernel function, whose e ective range is based on this volume, is used for transferring and updating the particle's physical properties such as mass and velocity. In addition, the particle sampling technique is extended to a fully adaptive approach, supporting adaptive splitting and merging of uid particles and adaptive spatial sampling for the reconstruction of the velocity and pressure elds. Particle splitting allows a detailed sampling of uid momentum in regions of complex ow. Particle merging, in regions of smooth ow, reduces memory and computational overhead. An octree structure is used to compute inter-particle interactions and to compute the pressure eld. The octree supporting eld-based calculations is adapted to provide a ne spatial reconstruction where particles are small and a coarse reconstruction where particles are large. This scheme places computational resources where they are most needed, to handle both ow and surface complexity. Thus, incompressibility can be enforced even in very small, but highly turbulent areas. Simultaneously, the level of detail is very high in these areas, allowing the direct support of tiny splashes and small-scale surface tension e ects. This produces a nely detailed and realistic representation of surface motion.

Successful Fisheries Management should be constructed upon accurate data to evaluate the fisheries stock correctly. Meanwhile, efficient monitoring system is required to oversee the execution of policies. Observer Program which is the most effective method to understand the data of fisheries was promoted since 2001 in Taiwan. However, due to the different values, roles, living habits between observers and captains, they still have conflicts. Amount 50 scientific observers, 25 randomly selected for the survey during October to December in 2008. The interview focus on five major subjects: (1) report of fishing activities; (2) Bycatch; (3) Biological sample collection; (4) Living area; (5) Daily schedule. The conflict factors and the conflict points between observers and captains were discussed (with qualitative and quantitative methods) in the research. It reveals that the most significant element leads to conflicts is relating Bycatch¡F88% (22 persons) of the reviewed observers reported conflict in this issue, and the main reason is the profits of shark fin. Besides, there are 20 observers, which is 80% of the sample, mentioned that Logbook is another factor leads to arguments of commercial benefits. Furthermore, 16 persons (64%) also agree that Biological sample collections is another factor; the main reason is the otolieh sampling will destroy the price catch. Finally, it shows that few observers chose Activity area and Living habits, which only have 12% (3 person) and 24% (6 person) respectively. In addition, in the factors of Logbook and Bycatch, the conflict level is effected by educational degree of observers. This research also investigates the opinions of observers, which could improve the relationship within the industry. To sum up, the study has reviewed and integrated available researches to deal with conflicts in Fisheries management. The findings of this research could be applied in setting up fisheries policies.

The purpose of this research was to investigate, with the strategy of cooperative learning and traditional narrative teaching, the learning achievement, scientific attitude, and the diversity of different class environment for the seventh graders¡¦ learning in biological reproduction of natural science. In addition, the progress of learning and teaching were studied followed up. In the quasi-experimental design, 27 subjects of the experimental group were taught by Student¡¦s Team Achievement Division (STAD) of cooperative learning, and 27 subjects of control group were by traditional narrative teaching. They were all seventh grade students in Kaohsiung County. The instruments consist of ¡§Biological Reproduction Learning Achievement Test,¡¨ ¡§Science Attitudes Scale,¡¨ ¡§What Is Happening in This Class? Questionnaire,¡¨and ¡§Cooperation Learning Questionnaire.¡¨ The data were analyzed by applying descriptive statistics and ANCOVA. The results of the research were summarized as follows: STAD cooperative learning teaching method stimulated students to show more positive scientific attitudes and experienced more class environment encouragement. Moreover, it promoted the seventh graders¡¦ learning achievement in study the unit of reproduction and exhibited retentive effect. During the different stages of group discussion, students were in a hopeless tangle in the beginning, followed by a more cooperative manner gradually, and finally they were leading group learning. The processes of the sharing of the groups were embarrassing in the beginning and then they were gradually open-handed at the end .Objectively, students think they could complete the learning of biology with cooperative learning and subjectively, they also enjoyed this kind of learning atmosphere and hope the teacher could use the teaching strategy of cooperative teaching more often. On the other hand, the teacher was able to follow up the students¡¦ thought and progress to guide them in more details during the group discussion and group sharing. Also the teacher should listen and respect the students¡¦ opinion and will even though the teacher worried about the methodology didn¡¦t suit for the students in the beginning.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--West Virginia University, 2003. / Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains iv, 265 p. Vita. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 245-258).