Esse estudo é uma pesquisa bibliométrica, cujo objetivo é analisar as características da produção científica, colaboração e impacto da matemática brasileira através dos artigos indexados na base de dados Web of Science no período de 2004 a 2013. São objetivos específicos desse estudo: identificar idiomas, áreas e temas de pesquisa dos documentos publicados; examinar os periódicos científicos quanto ao Qualis, fator de impacto e nacionalidade; investigar o vínculo institucional dos autores, a sua localização geográfica e a produtividade atrelada às instituições e regiões brasileiras; analisar a colaboração entre indivíduos, instituições e nações através da coautoria; e analisar o impacto da produção científica através das citações recebidas. Foram revisados, para tanto, aspectos literários ligados à comunicação científica, à colaboração científica e à própria matemática. É um estudo bibliométrico, descritivo, com abordagem quantitativa, de natureza aplicada e em nível macro, cujos dados foram analisados sob a figura de tabelas, gráficos, grafos e mapas, gerados através do uso dos softwares Excel, BibExcel, SPSS, VOSviewer, Philcarto, UCINET e NETDRAW. Apresenta como resultados a recuperação de 8.625 artigos, com taxa de crescimento anual de 8,04% e com coeficiente de determinação de 0,9631, os quais foram produzidos por 8.929 autores diferentes, resultando em 22.268 autorias no total, predominando os artigos escritos por grupos de 2 ou 3 autores, com media de 2,58 e desvio-padrão de 1,15. Mostra que o idioma predominante nos artigos foi o inglês, com 99,49%; que as áreas preponderantes foram Matemática e Matemática, Aplicada; e que os temas mais frequentes foram sistemas e equações. Identifica 526 periódicos, com destaque para o International Journal of Quantum Chemistry, como o periódico que mais fez publicações, e para o Bulletin of the Brazilian Mathematical Society, único periódico brasileiro encontrado. Constata a presença de 74 países e 1.342 instituições (77,2% delas estrangeiras), onde Brasil, Estados Unidos e França foram os países cujas instituições mais apareceram; São Paulo, "Brasil em Geral" (denominação dada às instituições de âmbito federal) e Minas Gerais foram as regiões do Brasil cujas instituições mais se destacaram; e Universidade de São Paulo, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro e Universidade Estadual de Campinas foram as instituições que mais publicações fizeram. Identifica que há 14,04% de autoria única, 34,91% de colaborações nacionais e 51,04% de colaborações internacionais, principalmente junto às nações Estados Unidos, França e Espanha; às instituições Universidade de São Paulo, Universidade Estadual de Campinas e Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro; e aos autores Alves CO, da Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, e Svaiter BF, do Instituto Nacional de Matemática Pura e Aplicada. Expõe que os artigos receberam 48.853 citações de 31.692 documentos, principalmente de artigos, no idioma inglês, advindos principalmente dos Estados Unidos e da China e das instituições Universidade de São Paulo e Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, publicados especialmente nos periódicos Journal of Mathematical Analysis and Applications e Nonlinear Analysis-Theory Methods & Applications, sobretudo nas áreas de Matemática, Aplicada e Matemática. Conclui que a área encontra-se em franco desenvolvimento, com significativa internacionalização. Sugerem-se novos estudos e discussões a respeito da área. / The present study is a bibliometric research, which aims to analyze the characteristics of scientific production and collaboration and their impact on Brazilian mathematics through the articles indexed in the database of Web of Science from 2004 to 2013. The specific goals are: to identify languages, areas and research topics of published documents; to examine the scientific journals about the Qualis, to impact factor and nationality; and to investigate the institutional affiliation of the authors, its geographical location and productivity linking it with Brazilian institutions and regions; to analyze the collaboration between individuals, institutions and nations through co-authorship; and analyze the impact of scientific literature through citations received. In order to make the study, were revised literally aspects linked to scientific communication, scientific collaboration and mathematics itself. It is a bibliometric, descriptive study, with quantitative approach, applied nature and macro level, whose data were analyzed under the figure of tables, charts, graphs and maps generated through the use of Excel, BibExcel, SPSS, VOSviewer, Philcarto, UCINET and NETDRAW. It presents results as the recovery of 8625 articles, with annual growth rate of 8.04 % and coefficient of determination of 0.9631, which were produced by 8929 different authors, resulting in 22268 authorship total, predominantly articles by 2 or 3 groups of authors, with an average of 2.58 and standard deviation of 1.15. It shows that English is the predominant language in the articles, with 99.49%; the predominant areas are Mathematics and Applied Mathematics; and that the most frequent topics are systems and equations. It identifies 526 periodicals, with the International Journal of Quantum Chemistry, as the journal with more publications and the Bulletin of the Brazilian Mathematical Society as the only Brazilian journal found. It is noticed the presence of 74 countries and 1342 institutions (77.2% of them foreign), where Brazil, United States and France are the countries with most institutions. São Paulo, "Brazil in General" (name given to federal institutions) and Minas Gerais are the regions of Brazil whose institutions stand out; and University of São Paulo, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro and Campinas State University are institutions with most publications. It identifies that there are a 14.04% percentage of single authorship, 34.91% of national collaborations and 51.04% of international collaborations, especially with the nations of the United States, France and Spain with the following Brazilian institutions: University of São Paulo, State University of Campinas and Federal University of Rio de Janeiro; and the authors Alves CO, of the Federal University of Campina Grande; and Svaiter BF of the National Institute of Pure and Applied Mathematics. It shows that the articles received 48853 citations of 31692 documents, mainly from articles in the English language, also coming mainly from the United States and China and from the institutions University of São Paulo and the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro. It also shows that they are published especially in: Journal of Mathematical Analysis and Applications and Nonlinear Analysis-Theory, Methods & Applications, especially in the fields of Mathematics and Applied Mathematics. It concludes that the area is rapidly developing, with significant internationalization and suggests new studies and discussions about the area.

Orientador: Maria das Graças Conde Caldas / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Estudos da Linguagem / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-17T13:44:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Levy_ClaytonBianchini_M.pdf: 7834432 bytes, checksum: 6f317bcb031213723dcc3a7a2002b88a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 / Resumo: Este trabalho examina a atuação do Jornal da Ciência (JC), veículo impresso da Sociedade Brasileira para o Progresso da Ciência (SBPC), na cobertura de temas relacionados à política nacional de Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação (CT&I). Trata-se de um Estudo de Caso que examina a trajetória editorial do JC desde a sua criação, em julho de 1985, até julho de 2010. A metodologia central é a de Análise de Conteúdo, de natureza qualitativa, combinada, em alguns momentos, com a quantitativa. Examina como o JC, conhecido como "o amarelinho", exerce três das principais funções do jornalismo nas democracias contemporâneas: agendar os temas prioritários na esfera pública de discussões; promover a informação contextualizada sobre estes mesmos temas; e atuar como fiscal (watchdog) dos formuladores e executores de políticas públicas, colaborando para elevar o grau de transparência (accountability) dos mesmos. A pesquisa foi dividida em três etapas: 1) análise da evolução gráfica e editorial do JC; 2) análise das capas, incluindo manchetes, textos das chamadas e charges; e 3) análise das matérias que tratam especificamente de política de CT&I. O corpus foi constituído por 48 edições, tendo como fio condutor as gestões dos 14 ministros de CT&I no período de 1985 a 2010. Para cada ministro foram extraídas três edições, compreendendo início, meio e final de cada mandato. Ao escolher os ministros dos diferentes governos como uma das variáveis pretendeu-se contextualizar a trajetória do JC nas diversas fases que marcaram o Sistema Nacional de C&T. A pesquisa apontou que o jornal exerce um monitoramento crítico e analítico das políticas públicas de CT&I. Consegue pautar o tema entre a comunidade científica, estimulando o debate nesse segmento, mas tem dificuldades para atingir um público maior e ouve pouco outros segmentos da sociedade civil. A Ciência é apresentada como estratégica enquanto os cientistas são projetados como agentes sociais engajados, críticos e propositivos. O exame do corpus revelou, ainda, que a maior parte dos textos e charges remetem a uma imagem negativa do Governo. A postura de "cão de guarda" em relação às ações do Governo transparece sobretudo no tom das matérias e charges, que em sua maioria apresentam conotação crítica ou de denúncia sobre a ausência de visão estratégica do governo sobre o setor / Abstract: This work examines the performance of the Jornal da Ciência (JC), a printed medium by the "Brazilian Society for the Progress of Science" (Sociedade Brasileira para o Progresso da Ciência - SBPC), in covering issues related to the national politics of Science, Technology and Innovation (ST&I). This is a Case Study that examines the editorial trajectory of JC since its creation, in July of 1985, until July of 2010. The central methodology is Content Analysis, of a qualitative nature, combined, in some points with the quantitative. It will examine how the JC, also known as "little yellow", perform three of the main duties in journalisms in contemporary democracies: schedule the main issues in the public sphere of discussion; promote the contextualized information on such topics; and act as a watchdog on the formulators and executioners of public politics, contributing in elevating their degree of accountability. The research was divided into three stages: 1) analysis of the graphic and editorial evolution of JC; 2) analysis of the front pages, including headlines, catch-phrases and political satire; and 3) analysis of the pieces that deal specifically with ST&I politics. The body of work is comprised by 48 editions, having as biding thread the management of the 14 ministers of ST&I during the period of 1985 to 2010. For each Minister three editions were extracted, comprising the beginning, middle and end of each administration. In choosing the Ministers from different governments as one of the variables, the intention was to contextualize JC's trajectory in the several phases that have imprinted the National System of S&T. The research pointed out that the journal has a critical and analytical monitoring of the ST&I public politics. It can outline the issue between among the scientific community, stimulating the debate in this segment, but has difficulties to reach wider audience and listens to a few other segments of civil society. The Science is presented as strategic while the scientists are projected as committed, critical and pro-positive social agents. The examination of the body of work, also revealed, that most of the texts and political satires reflect a negative image of Government. The role of "watchdog" in relation to Government actions specially in the tone of the pieces and political satire, in which most of them present a critical or denunciation on the absence of strategic vision of the Government regarding the sector / Mestrado / Divulgação Científica e Cultural / Mestre em Divulgação Científica e Cultural

Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-11T13:57:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 cristiane.pdf: 8315665 bytes, checksum: 840236bd1265b6c79481e4c6eca5a631 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-07-12 / This work aims at analyzing whether and how the movement from the Scientific Discourse to the Scientific Divulgation Discourse happens. For the analysis, it focuses on some products of scientific divulgation in the State of Amazonas, Brazil. The research has its theoretical basis on Discourse Analysis, specially stemming from the works by Eni Orlandi. The corpus was designed in order to allow the discursive analyses of the Science & Technology newspaper supplements of Amazonas em Tempo and of the magazine named Amazonas faz ciência, published by the office for research support in the State of Amazonas (Fapeam). Both were chosen for being focused on the science produced in the State. The expected outcome for the work is the design of parameters for the practice of scientific journalism, considering for this the marks and the functioning of the genres belonging in this discourse. The results point at the articulation of linguistic strategies for both journalists and scientists. / Este trabalho tem como objetivo principal analisar se e como ocorre o deslocamento do Discurso Científico para o Discurso de Divulgação Científica em produtos de divulgação científica no Estado do Amazonas. É um estudo feito a partir da teoria da Análise do Discurso de linha francesa, sobretudo a partir dos construtos trabalhados no Brasil por Eni Orlandi. O corpus da pesquisa se consubstancia da análise discursiva do suplemento de Ciência e Tecnologia do jornal Amazonas em Tempo e da revista Amazonas faz ciência, por serem publicações voltadas exclusivamente para a ciência no Estado. A principal contribuição pretendida é a formulação de diretrizes para a prática do jornalismo científico, considerando as marcas e o funcionamento dos gêneros textuais inerentes a esse discurso. Os resultados apontam a direção para a articulação de estratégias linguísticas tanto para jornalistas quanto para cientistas.

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This dissertation presents an integrated high-level computer-aided design (CAD) environment, the VAR (VHDL-based Array Reconfiguration) system, for the tasks of design, diagnosis, reconfiguration, simulation, and evaluation in a defect tolerant VLSI/WSI (Wafer Scale Integration) parallel architecture modeled by VHDL. Four issues in the VAR system are studied: (1) the development of a CAD framework for reconfigurable architectures, (2) the development of an array model, and its VHDL description and simulation, (3) the development of efficient fault diagnosis techniques, and (4) the development of a systematic method for evaluating architectures and yield. The first issue describes the modules in the CAD framework and their functionalities. The second issue addresses the hierarchical VHDL description and simulation of the array model, and the detailed designs of its components. The third issue proposes two fault diagnosis algorithms based on the parallel partition approach and the self-comparison approach respectively, and an optimal group diagnosis procedure. These fault diagnosis techniques all have the contribution of reducing testing time significantly under different application scenarios. The fourth issue depicts a complete set of figures of merits for quantitative architecture and yield evaluation. Although an easily diagnosable and reconfigurable two-dimensional defect tolerant array is used as an example to illustrate the methodology of VAR, the VAR environment can be equally applied to other parallel architectures. VAR allows the designers to study and evaluate fault diagnosis and reconfiguration algorithms by inserting faults, which are generated according to actual manufacturing yield data, into the array and then locating the faulty elements as well as simulating the reconfiguration process. Thus, VAR can assist the designers in evaluating different combinations of fault patterns, fault diagnosis and reconfiguration techniques, and reconfigurable architectures through the figures of merit with aim at architectural improvements. Extensive simulation and evaluation have been performed to demonstrate and support the effectiveness of VAR. The results from this research can drive the applications of large area VLSI or WSI closer to reality and result in producing low cost and high yield parallel architectures.

String pattern matching is an extensively studied area of computer science. Over the past few decades, many important theoretical results have been discovered, and a large number of practical algorithms has been developed for efficiently matching various classes of patterns. A variety of general pattern matching tools and specialized programming languages have been implemented for applications in areas such as lexical analysis, text editing, or database searching. Most recently, the field of molecular biology has been added to the growing list of applications that make use of pattern matching technology. The requirements of biological pattern matching differ from traditional applications in several ways. First, the amount of data to be processed is very large, and hence highly efficient pattern matching tools are required. Second, the data to be searched is obtained from biological experiments, where error rates of up to 5% are not uncommon. In addition, patterns are often averaged from several, biologically similar sequences. Therefore, to be useful, pattern matching tools must be able to accommodate some notion of approximate matching. Third, formal language notations such as regular expressions, which are commonly used in traditional applications, are insufficient for describing many of the patterns that are of interest to biologists. Hence, any conventional notation must be significantly enhanced to accommodate such patterns. Taken together, these differences combine to render most existing pattern matching tools inadequate, and have created a need for specialized pattern matching systems. This dissertation presents a pattern matching system that specifically addresses the three issues outlined above. A notation for defining patterns is developed by extending the regular expression syntax in a consistent way. Using this notation, virtually any pattern of interest to biologists can be expressed in an intuitive and concise manner. The system further incorporates a very flexible notion of approximate pattern matching that unifies most of the previously developed concepts. Last, but not least, the system employs a novel, optimized backtracking algorithm, which enables it to efficiently search even very large databases.

The case study as a scientific method is, and has been for a long time, a subject of heavy discussion in the scientific community. Some scientists disregard the study completely and argue that it’s nothing more than story-telling, while others claim that the case study is the most relevant research method there is. As with all scientific methods case studies have both advantages and disadvantages and the aim of this study is to present and discuss these.

Thesis advisor: Katherine L. McNeill / Recent science education reform documents and standards, such as the Next Generation Science Standards (NGSS), call for school science to better reflect authentic scientific endeavors by highlighting the centrality of students engaging in science practices. This dissertation study focuses specifically on argumentation (through the modality of talk), one of the eight science practices emphasized in the NGSS. Although extensively studied, argumentation rarely occurs in classrooms. The absence of this science practice in classrooms is partly due to the student-driven exchanges required by argumentation differing greatly from the interactions that occur during traditional instruction, where students primarily speak to and through the teacher. To transform the type of talk that occurs in science classrooms it is necessary to examine discourse patterns, as well as the roles classroom members take on, in order to identify and develop strategies that can facilitate the shift in discourse norms. This dissertation employs a mixed-methods approach, using social network analysis (SNA), multiple case study methodology, and discourse analysis (DA), to deeply examine video recordings of three middle school classrooms engaged in argumentation through a science seminar (a type of whole class debate). Findings from the SNA highlight the importance of argumentation research integrating a focus on argument structure with dialogic interactions, and point to the benefits of using multiple types of representations to capture engagement in this science practice. Furthermore, examining the manner by which teachers articulated student expectations and goals for the argumentation activity suggest the need to continue supporting teachers in developing and using rich instructional strategies to help students with the dialogic component of argumentation. Additionally, this work sheds light on the importance of how teachers frame the goals for student engagement in this science practice, specifically as being either individual goals or communal goals. Lastly, findings from the DA stress the relationship between discourse patterns and interactional norms, and also suggest the need to expand our perspectives of who can prompt for critique during an argumentation activity.

O presente trabalho propõe-se analisar a forma como os fatores sociais, associados à prática do aleitamento materno, vêm sendo tratados na literatura científica. Num primeiro momento, procura identificar o comportamento do volume da produção científica, seguindo-se à identificação e análise dos fatores sociais arrolados nos estudos sobre a prática do aleitamento materno. O material de estudo compreende os trabalhos indexados na \"Nutrition Abstracts and Reviews\", no período de 1945 a 1985. Concluiu-se que a produção de conhecimento científico sobre o aleitamento materno faz-se presente em todo o desenvolvimento científico sobre nutrição infantil, no período estudado, com importância relativa acentuada em determinados momentos históricos. Destaca-se a produção de trabalhos sobre a prática do aleitamento materno dentre os estudos sobre o aleitamento materno. Identificam-se, como mais freqÜentes, entre os fatores sociais associados, o nível socio-econômico, o nível educacional, a distribuição urbano-rural e o trabalho da mulher. Os fatores sociais, arrolados nos estudos sobre a prática do aleitamento materno, caracterizam-se numa abordagem predominantemente multicausal. / The purpose of this work is to analyse how social factors associated with breast-feeding have dealt with scientifical literature. At first it outlines the behavior of the total scientific production and then it identifies and analyses the social factors connected up with the practice of breast-feeding. The material for this study encloses all the papers indexed in Nutrition Abstracts and Reviews throughout the period comprised between 1945 and 1985. There is concluded that the production of scientific knowledge on breast-feeding has been present throughout the general scientific development of child nutrition in the studied period with relative more deeper importance at certain historical moments. The practive of breast-feeding has been more dealt with studying breast-feeding at large. The most frequently associated social factors that were identified in this work were the socio-economic level, the educational level, the urban-rural distribution and women employment. These social factors connected up with breast-feeding practice have been approached essentialy from a multicausal angle.

This thesis can be described in various terms. It is a translation of Vygotsky's theory of scientific concepts, in reality a theory of development, into a theory of mathematics teaching and learning. It is a theorisation, and development, of connectionist pedagogy in mathematics (a relatively underdeveloped, yet exemplary, amalgam of various reform/progressive /meaningful approaches to teaching). And, it is an investigation of the elements and processes involved in mathematical concept development, and the mediating role which classroom tasks can play. Alongside this, these understandings are embedded within a wider understanding of society, schooling, mathematics and mathematics teaching which help explain the current dominant practice in the classroom, and in doing so add to the understandings already described. In sum, the thesis therefore represents the beginnings of a systematic Marxist perspective of mathematics education which can cohere analysis at the multiple levels of society, schooling, classroom teaching and learning, and individual concept development. As such it is also, as should always be the case with Marxist perspectives, a guide to action for critical mathematics educators. The thesis begins with context, motivation and strategy, an overview of relevant literature, and an explanation of the methodology and methods used within. The relationship between Vygotsky's theory of concept development and connectionist teaching is then outlined and developed. The wider societal perspective follows, with an emphasis on generalised commodity production as the key shaper of schools and classrooms. Both of these themes are then developed in relation to the example of vocational mathematics, both providing evidence of the existence and nature of scientific activity and concepts, and connecting their absence to the obstacles related in the previous section. The thesis continues by exploring a pedagogical development based on Vygotsky's theory, looking at the explicit problematising of generalisation, and analysing classroom dialogue in relation to this. In the other direction, a theoretical development is then made, following an illustration of the pedagogical and theoretical framework through the development of a particular concept. Finally, conclusions are drawn and future work outlined.