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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
71

Avaliação do uso da banda de rodagem de pneus inservíveis triturada como suporte ao desenvolvimento de biofilmes em um reator anaeróbio de leito expansível / Granulated tread of scrap tires as support for the development of biofilms in an expanded bed anaerobic reactor

Niciura, Cristiano Luchesi 24 June 2005 (has links)
A presente pesquisa teve como objetivo a avaliação do uso da banda de rodagem de pneus inservíveis triturada (BPIT) como suporte ao desenvolvimento de biofilmes em um reator anaeróbio de leito expansível (RALEx), em escala plena, com volume de 32m3, empregado no tratamento de esgoto sanitário. A utilização desse material como suporte apresentou-se como proposta inovadora, com grande potencial de aplicação. Para partida do sistema foram utilizados 6,0m3 de lodo proveniente do reator UASB da Estação de Tratamento de Esgoto Jardim das Flores de Rio Claro – SP, tendo sido alcançado o equilíbrio dinâmico aparente após 80 dias de operação. A BPIT mostrou-se eficiente como recheio do RALEx, tendo em vista que promoveu remoção média de 70% de matéria orgânica, em termos de DBO (amostras não filtradas), quando operado com tempo de detenção hidráulico médio de 3,2h, velocidade ascensional média de 5,7m/h (sem recirculação do efluente), e carga orgânica volumétrica média de 5,4kgDQO/m3.dia. A remoção média de sólidos em suspensão no sistema foi de 65% (com teor residual no efluente de 95mg/L) e a porcentagem de metano no biogás manteve-se próxima a 65%. Assim como os demais reatores anaeróbios, verificou-se que a remoção de nitrogênio e fósforo no RALEx foi relativamente baixa, com valores inferiores a 10%. Avaliou-se também a perda de carga no leito de BPIT, obtendo-se valores extremamente baixos para todas as granulometrias testadas, em torno de 4cm/m de leito, e determinou-se a velocidade mínima de fluidificação em 39m/h. Nos ensaios preliminares, verificou-se que o diâmetro equivalente das partículas de BPIT foi de 4,3mm, com coeficiente de desuniformidade de 1,61 e massa específica de 1,14g/cm3. A BPIT mostrou-se competitiva também no aspecto econômico, tendo em vista que o custo de aquisição foi 12,8 vezes inferior ao do carvão ativado granular e 1,6 vezes superior ao da areia (materiais comumente utilizados como recheio de RALEx). / The present research had as objective the assessment of granulated tread of scrap tires (GTST) as support for the development of biofilms in an expanded bed anaerobic reactor (EBAR), in full scale, with a total volume of 32m3, employed for wastewater treatment. The use of this material as support was presented as an innovating proposal, with a high application potential. To start up the system 6.0m3 of sludge coming from the UASB reactor from Jardim das Flores Wastewater Treatment Plant, Rio Claro – SP, were used. The apparent dynamic equilibrium was reached 80 days after operating start up. GTST showed itself as efficient in the packing of the EBAR, where it removed an average of 70% of organic matter, in terms of BOD (non-filtered samples), when operated with hydraulic detention time of 3.2h, mean ascension velocity of 5.7m/h (without effluent re-circulation), and mean volumetric organic load of 5.4kgCOD/m3.day. The mean suspended solids removal in the system was of 65% (with 95mg/L of residual content in the effluent) and the percent of methane in biogas was close to 65%. Likewise in other anaerobic reactors, it was seen that nitrogen and phosphorous removal in the EBAR was relatively low, with values below 10%. Headloss was also assessed in the bed of the GTST, where extremely low values were obtained for all tested granulometry, around 4cm/m in the bed. In the preliminary essays, it was verified that the equivalent diameter of GTST particles was of 4.3mm, with disuniformity coefficient of 1.61 and specific mass of 1.14g/cm3. GTST was also competitive in the economical aspect, where the acquisition cost was 12.8 times lower than granular activated carbon and 1.6 times higher than sand (materials commonly used as EBAR packing material).
72

An?lise de desempenho de um fog?o solar constru?do a partir de sucatas de antena de tv

Ramos Filho, Ricardo Eug?nio Barbosa 28 February 2011 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:58:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 RicardoEBRF_DISSERT.pdf: 4014057 bytes, checksum: 4ee7665398e3d4e0b140690a65f6b5c4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-02-28 / Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte / Given the growing environmental crisis caused by degradation, mainly due to the use of polluting energy sources, increasing the growing use of renewable energies worldwide, with emphasis on solar energy, an abundant supply and available to everyone, which can be harnessed in several ways: electricity generation; dehydration of food; heating, disinfection and distillation and cooking. The latter has as its primary feature the viability of clean, renewable energy for society, combating ecological damage caused by large-scale use of firewood for cooking foods, use in tropical countries with high solar radiation, and has funding NGOs throughout the world with the goal of achieving low-income population. The proposed project consists of a solar cooker for concentration, working from the reflection of sunlight by a hub that they converge to a focal point at the bottom of the pot, getting lots of heat. The solar cooker under study consists of two elliptical reflecting parabolas made from the recycling of scrap TV antenna, having 0.29 m? of surface area for each antenna, which were covered by multiple mirrors of 2 mm thick and mounted on a metal structure, with correction for the mobility of the apparent movement of the sun. This structure was built with the recycling of scrap metal, possessing a relatively low cost compared with other solar cookers, around US$ 50.00. This cost becomes negligible, since that will involve a great benefit to not have fuel costs for each meal, unlike the use of gas or firewood for cooking food. The tests show that the cooker has reached the maximum temperature of 740 ? C, for boiling water in an average time of 28 minutes, cooking various types of foods such as potatoes, rice and pasta in an average time of 45 minutes and still going as a solar oven, making pizza baking and meat. These cooking times do not differ much from the cooking times on a gas stove, it becomes the solar cooker as a good consumer acceptance, and furthermore not to deliver the same gases that can poison the food as with the wood stove. Proves the viability of using the stove to cook or bake in two daily meals for a family, still presenting a position to improve his performance with the addition of new materials, equipment and techniques / Diante da crescente crise ambiental provocada pela degrada??o, principalmente devido ao uso de fontes energ?ticas poluentes, cada vez mais, vem crescendo o uso de energias renov?veis em todo o mundo, tendo destaque para a energia solar, uma fonte abundante e dispon?vel a todos, que pode ser aproveitada de diversas maneiras como: gera??o de eletricidade; desidrata??o de alimentos; aquecimento, desinfec??o e destila??o de ?gua e coc??o. Este ?ltimo tem como aspecto primordial a viabiliza??o de energia limpa e renov?vel para a sociedade, combatendo os danos ecol?gicos causados pela utiliza??o em larga escala de lenha para o cozimento de alimentos, tendo utiliza??o em pa?ses tropicais com altos ?ndices de radia??o solar, possuindo financiamento de ONGS por todo o mundo com objetivo de atingir a popula??o de baixa renda. O projeto proposto consta de um fog?o solar ? concentra??o, funcionando a partir da reflex?o dos raios solares por um concentrador que converge os mesmos para um ponto focal no fundo da panela, recebendo grande quantidade de calor. O fog?o solar em estudo ? composto por duas par?bolas refletoras de forma el?ptica feitas a partir do reaproveitamento de sucatas de antena de TV, possuindo 0,29 m? de ?rea superficial para cada antena, que foram cobertas por m?ltiplos espelhos de 2 mm de espessura e montadas em uma estrutura met?lica com mobilidade para a corre??o do movimento aparente do sol. Esta estrutura foi constru?da com o reaproveitamento de sucata, possuindo um custo relativamente baixo, quando comparado com outros fog?es solares, em torno R$ 100,00. Este custo torna-se insignificante, uma vez que promover? um grande benef?cio em n?o possuir gastos com combust?vel para cada refei??o, diferente do uso do g?s ou de lenha para cozinhar alimentos. Os ensaios mostram que o fog?o chegou ? temperatura m?xima de 740?C, realizando a ebuli??o de ?gua em um tempo m?dio de 28 minutos, cozinhando diversos tipos de alimentos, como batata, arroz e macarr?o em um tempo m?dio de 45 minutos e ainda funcionando como forno solar, realizando o assamento de pizza e carnes. Esses tempos de cozimento n?o diferem muito dos tempos de cozimento em um fog?o ? g?s, fato que obt?m ao fog?o solar uma boa receptividade aos consumidores, al?m do mesmo n?o emitir gases que podem intoxicar os alimentos como no caso do fog?o a lenha. Comprova-se a viabilidade da utiliza??o do fog?o para cozinhar ou assar em duas refei??es di?rias para uma fam?lia, apresentando ainda condi??es de melhorar sua performance com adi??o de novos materiais, equipamentos e t?cnicas
73

Možnosti využití odpadového materiálu ve výtvarné výchově na prvním stupni základní školy. / Possibilities of Scrap Material Utilisation for Teaching Arts at Elementary Schools

NOVÁKOVÁ, Jitka January 2011 (has links)
The Thesis is focused on the interconnection of Arts and Environmental Education as a possible way for teaching elementary school children both the sensitive relation to nature and the conscious environmental behaviour. Junk-art, a phenomenon of environmental arts, is introduced in the theoretical part of the Thesis. In this part of the Thesis, there are also theoretical basis of Arts and Environmental Education, as they are embodied in the Framing Program of Education and the analysis of possible areas for utilisation of scrap materials within intermediate and experimental activities in Arts at elementary schools. In the conclusion of the theoretical part of the Thesis, there is a list of books available in the Czech market which deal with possibilities of waste media utilisation for the development of creative activities of pupils. In the practical part of the Thesis, there are some results and reflexions of the implementation of my own set of Arts lessons with utilisation of scrap materials which I gave in the third, fourth and fifth grades at a traditional rural school in Stará Říše.
74

Heurística para logística reversa de material não conforme na indústria aeronáutica. / Heuristic model for the reverse logistics of non conform materials in the aerospace industry.

Wilson Antonio Mancia 12 August 2005 (has links)
Em qualquer setor onde exista fornecimento de materiais, as decisões da recuperação do material não conforme são relevantes. Este trabalho estuda as decisões da recuperação de material não conforme na indústria Aeronáutica, onde o seu produto final tem um longo ciclo de fabricação e de suprimento e elevado custo o que exige que o tempo dessa recuperação seja o mínimo possível. O material não conforme tem diferentes destinos, podendo ser recuperado através do retorno ao fornecedor ou oficina autorizada, ou ainda ser destruído. Esse trabalho utiliza o conhecimento da Logística Reversa como suporte para essa decisão de recuperação, porém sob a ótica do cliente e não do fornecedor como a maioria da literatura apresenta. Muitas vezes, o custo dessa recuperação é muito maior que o de uma nova aquisição e nesse tipo específico de indústria 95% do material comprado é importado tornando a logística ainda mais difícil. Este trabalho propõe a utilização de um modelo heurístico, que decide o destino do material não conforme. Os parâmetros para medidas de desempenho desse modelo é a comparação de dados do histórico de itens recuperados pela empresa estudada com os dados obtidos pelo modelo heurístico. / In any company where supply of materials exists, the decisions of recovering non-conform materials are relevant. This paper studies these decisions in an aerospace company, which its finished product has a long production and supply cycles with a high cost, what demands that the time of this recovery be as short as possible. The non-conform material has different destinies, being recovered through the return to the supplier or authorized workshop, or still to be destroyed. This paper uses the knowledge of the Reverse Logistics as a support for that recovery decision, however under the customer’s point of view and not of the supplier as most of the literature presents. A lot of times, the cost of that recovery is much larger than the one of a new acquisition and in that specific type of industry 95% of the bought material is imported turning the reverse logistics still more difficult. This work proposes the use of a heuristic model, which decides the destiny of the non-conform materials. The parameters for measures of acting of that model are the comparison of data of the report of items recovered by the company studied against the data obtained by the heuristic model.
75

Caracterização e utilização do resíduo da borracha de pneus inservíveis em compósitos aplicáveis na construção civil / Caracterization and utilization of the waste rubber from scrap tires in composites to use in the civil construction

Mara Regina Pagliuso Rodrigues 29 August 2008 (has links)
Este trabalho tem como objetivo o desenvolvimento de uma tecnologia para a atenuação do impacto provocado pelo passivo ambiental gerado por pneus inservíveis, conjuntamente ao desenvolvimento de novos materiais compostos para uso na construção.Os pneus têm uma estrutura física especial, com grande resistência e durabilidade, mesmo ao término de sua vida útil e, por isso, sua deposição em aterros sanitários é inadequada, já que eles não permitem compactação, tornando-se favoráveis para a criação de agentes causadores de enfermidades e oferecem grandes riscos de incêndios, o que acarreta sérios danos ao meio ambiente. A tecnologia desenvolvida utilizou a borracha de pneus inservíveis, após serem picados por processo mecânico, segundo diferentes tamanhos, para a composição de produtos de baixo custo e utilizáveis na construção civil em elementos construtivos, placas de amortecimento sonoro e de revestimento de pisos para edificações, sinalização horizontal em vias públicas, absorvedores de impacto em estradas,etc. O agente de aglomeração utilizado foi a resina poliuretânica derivada do óleo de mamona (Ricinus communis), uma fonte renovável, que também apresenta estabilidade física e química, e um excelente desempenho como aglomerante. O composto obtido foi testado com relação à durabilidade, às propriedades mecânicas como resistência à compressão e tração, módulo de elasticidade e fluência por meio da termo análise, demonstrando resultados satisfatórios e confirmada sua aplicação em vários campos da construção civil. / The objective of this work is to develop a technology for the impact attenuation caused by the passive environmental generated by scrap tires, jointly to the development of new composites for being used in construction. The tires have a special physical structure, with great resistance and durability, also in the term of their useful life, therefore, their deposit in landing fields are inadequate, once they do not allow compacting, becoming favorable for the creation of causes of diseases and they offer great fires risks, what causes serious damages to the environment. The developed technology used the rubber of useless tires, after being fragmented by mechanic process, according to different sizes, for the composition of products of low cost to be used in the civil construction in constructive elements, noise reduction plates and lining of floors for constructions, horizontal signaling in public ways, impact insulating in highways, and so on. The agent of mass used was the polyurethane resin, derived of the castor oil (Ricinus communis), a renewable source that also presents physical and chemical stability, and a good bonding behavior. The obtained composite was tested in relation to durability behavior, mechanical properties which the compression forces and tension, and also its modulus of elasticity and creep by use of thermo analisys, demonstrated satisfactory results and confirmed its application in a many fields of the civil construction.
76

Avaliação do uso da banda de rodagem de pneus inservíveis triturada como suporte ao desenvolvimento de biofilmes em um reator anaeróbio de leito expansível / Granulated tread of scrap tires as support for the development of biofilms in an expanded bed anaerobic reactor

Cristiano Luchesi Niciura 24 June 2005 (has links)
A presente pesquisa teve como objetivo a avaliação do uso da banda de rodagem de pneus inservíveis triturada (BPIT) como suporte ao desenvolvimento de biofilmes em um reator anaeróbio de leito expansível (RALEx), em escala plena, com volume de 32m3, empregado no tratamento de esgoto sanitário. A utilização desse material como suporte apresentou-se como proposta inovadora, com grande potencial de aplicação. Para partida do sistema foram utilizados 6,0m3 de lodo proveniente do reator UASB da Estação de Tratamento de Esgoto Jardim das Flores de Rio Claro – SP, tendo sido alcançado o equilíbrio dinâmico aparente após 80 dias de operação. A BPIT mostrou-se eficiente como recheio do RALEx, tendo em vista que promoveu remoção média de 70% de matéria orgânica, em termos de DBO (amostras não filtradas), quando operado com tempo de detenção hidráulico médio de 3,2h, velocidade ascensional média de 5,7m/h (sem recirculação do efluente), e carga orgânica volumétrica média de 5,4kgDQO/m3.dia. A remoção média de sólidos em suspensão no sistema foi de 65% (com teor residual no efluente de 95mg/L) e a porcentagem de metano no biogás manteve-se próxima a 65%. Assim como os demais reatores anaeróbios, verificou-se que a remoção de nitrogênio e fósforo no RALEx foi relativamente baixa, com valores inferiores a 10%. Avaliou-se também a perda de carga no leito de BPIT, obtendo-se valores extremamente baixos para todas as granulometrias testadas, em torno de 4cm/m de leito, e determinou-se a velocidade mínima de fluidificação em 39m/h. Nos ensaios preliminares, verificou-se que o diâmetro equivalente das partículas de BPIT foi de 4,3mm, com coeficiente de desuniformidade de 1,61 e massa específica de 1,14g/cm3. A BPIT mostrou-se competitiva também no aspecto econômico, tendo em vista que o custo de aquisição foi 12,8 vezes inferior ao do carvão ativado granular e 1,6 vezes superior ao da areia (materiais comumente utilizados como recheio de RALEx). / The present research had as objective the assessment of granulated tread of scrap tires (GTST) as support for the development of biofilms in an expanded bed anaerobic reactor (EBAR), in full scale, with a total volume of 32m3, employed for wastewater treatment. The use of this material as support was presented as an innovating proposal, with a high application potential. To start up the system 6.0m3 of sludge coming from the UASB reactor from Jardim das Flores Wastewater Treatment Plant, Rio Claro – SP, were used. The apparent dynamic equilibrium was reached 80 days after operating start up. GTST showed itself as efficient in the packing of the EBAR, where it removed an average of 70% of organic matter, in terms of BOD (non-filtered samples), when operated with hydraulic detention time of 3.2h, mean ascension velocity of 5.7m/h (without effluent re-circulation), and mean volumetric organic load of 5.4kgCOD/m3.day. The mean suspended solids removal in the system was of 65% (with 95mg/L of residual content in the effluent) and the percent of methane in biogas was close to 65%. Likewise in other anaerobic reactors, it was seen that nitrogen and phosphorous removal in the EBAR was relatively low, with values below 10%. Headloss was also assessed in the bed of the GTST, where extremely low values were obtained for all tested granulometry, around 4cm/m in the bed. In the preliminary essays, it was verified that the equivalent diameter of GTST particles was of 4.3mm, with disuniformity coefficient of 1.61 and specific mass of 1.14g/cm3. GTST was also competitive in the economical aspect, where the acquisition cost was 12.8 times lower than granular activated carbon and 1.6 times higher than sand (materials commonly used as EBAR packing material).
77

Zavedení přenosu dańové povinnosti na vybrané zboží / The implementation of a reverse-charge mechanism on selected goods

Polzerová, Veronika January 2015 (has links)
The subject of this thesis is an implementation of a reverse-charge mechanism on selected goods, more specifically waste and scrap, which are listed in Annex no. 5 of the Act no. 235/2004 Coll., on Value Added Tax. The reverse charge mechanism, as is evident from the title, is the transfer of VAT obligations of provider to the recipient of taxable transactions. The reverse charge mechanism is not only in the Czech Republic, but also throughout the European Union, introduced as a measure against VAT frauds. The main objective of this thesis is an analysis of the impact of the reverse-charge mechanism on waste and scrap in the Czech Republic covering the period from 1. 4. 2008 to 31. 3. 2015. This analysis is shown that the implementation of the reverse-charge mechanism eliminated fictitious deliveries of waste and scrap related to carousel frauds within trades of Czech Republic and EU 28. The estimation of tax evasion in the period from 1. 4. 2010 to 31. 3. 2011, the period just before the implementation of the reverse-charge mechanism, is in the amount of CZK 1,561,278,000.
78

Analýza příčin zmetkovitosti při výrobě ložiskových kroužků valivých ložisek / Root cause analysis of scrap during production of bearing rings in a roller bearing company

Studýnka, Pavel January 2017 (has links)
This diploma thesis concerns about measuring of rings of bearings from the input material, throughout machining processes, such as turning, heat treatment, grinding, till finishing operations as honing. Purpose of this thesis is to map all the processes in a roller/needle bearing company, measuring of rings of bearings, evaluating data, propose actions leading to decrease the number of scrap product and technical-economical evaluation of changed processes.
79

Plan de negocio para el desarrollo e implementación de una empresa exclusiva de chatarra para SIDERPERU / Business plan for the development and implementation of an exclusive scrap company for SIDERPERU

Ugarte Franco, Luis Raul, Ramos Barreto, Anthony, Moncada Leon, Paulo Andre 29 August 2020 (has links)
El presente trabajo de investigación tiene por objetivo desarrollar un plan de negocios para la constitución de una empresa proveedora de chatarra ferrosa para SIDERPERU y aprovechamiento de los subproductos de esta actividad. La empresa se enfocará en cuatro productos: Maquila de Chatarra, aluminio, cobre y plomo, para los cuales se identifica una oportunidad de negocio, sustentada en que actualmente el acopio y proceso de la chatarra metálica es realizado ya sea por pequeños recolectores informales, o por las mismas empresas fundidoras de metales las cuales emplean recursos en una actividad que no es el objetivo principal de su negocio. Para determinar la viabilidad se realizó un análisis previo del sector de procesamiento de chatarra y subproductos en nuestro país, donde se evidenció que las empresas que realizan la maquila (acopio, selección y clasificación) son en mayoría informales, sin una organización estructurada lo que no les permite obtener rentabilidad en los procesos internos. A través de diversas herramientas para el análisis estratégico del negocio, se realizó un diagnóstico tanto externo como interno, concluyendo que existe un mercado demandante en crecimiento y una oferta que no cubre la totalidad de las necesidades. Dentro del análisis económico financiero realizado, se calcularon los diferentes indicadores que permitieron determinar la rentabilidad del negocio, además se definió el plan de financiamiento, la estructura de costos y se estimó el estado de resultados. Se concluye que es recomendable la inversión en el negocio por el concepto novedoso, la oportunidad en el mercado y la rentabilidad esperada. / The objective of this research work is to develop a business plan for the constitution of a supplier of ferrous scrap for SIDERPERU and use of the by-products of this activity. The company will focus on four products: Processed metal scrap, aluminum, copper and lead, for which a business opportunity is identified, supported by the fact that currently the collection and processing of metal scrap is carried out either by small informal collectors, or by the same metal smelting factories which use resources in an activity that is not the main objective of their business. To determine the viability, a previous analysis of the scrap and by-products processing sector in our country was carried out, where it was shown that the companies that carry out the process (collection, selection and classification) are mostly informal, without a structured organization, which is not allows them to obtain profitability in internal processes. Through various tools for the strategic analysis of the business, an external and internal diagnosis was made, concluding that there is a growing demanding market and an offer that does not cover the totality of the clients' needs. Within the economic and financial analysis carried out, the different indicators that allowed determining the profitability of the business were calculated, in addition the financing plan, the cost structure and the income statement were estimated. It is concluded that investment in the business is recommended due to the novel concept, the opportunity in the market and the expected profitability. / Trabajo de investigación
80

Circularity of aluminium: Mapping difficulties in scrap circulation : A literature study and interviews with actors with focus on aluminium circulation in Sweden

Fernström, Felix, Karpe, Erik, Thellenberg, Paul January 2022 (has links)
Aluminium has great properties that are utilised the world over, but the production of primary aluminium is very energy intensive. In order to reduce the energy-cost, the aluminium can be recycled by re-melting aluminium scrap. This results in a circularity of the aluminium, as it is produced from ore to a metal and then the metal scrap can be re-melted again for other use.  The study also focuses on secondary production in Sweden. Through interviewing diverse actors in Sweden and analysing literature, an understanding of how the circulatory systems work was developed and the problems that can occur within it.  The major problems found is that through re-melting, the previous alloying elements can become impurities in the new scrap-based material. These impurities can change the properties in the aluminium. Separating these impurities from the aluminium is not an easy process, but a growing research question. Easiest is to minimise these contaminations, companies do this by sourcing where scrap is coming from and its compositional information, so to better organize or use the scrap for a similar purpose aluminium alloy.  This study looked at how the circulation of aluminium scrap works and how used scrap is once again returned to new reusable aluminium. With an understanding of how the processes it is easier to locate problems to improve the processes. / Aluminium har mycket goda mekaniska egenskaper som används i hela världen, men att producera primär aluminium är extremt energikrävande. För att minska energikostnaden kan man återvinna aluminiumet, det görs genom att återanvända gammalt aluminiumskrot. När man gör detta så leder det till ett cirkulärt kretslopp, där det börjar från malm som produceras till metall, när metallen blir till skrot så kan det återanvändas för att producera nytt aluminium.  Genom att intervjua folk inom branschen och att analysera litteratur inom ämnet, så skapades en förståelse hur det cirkulär kretsloppet fungerar och problem som kan uppstå inom systemet.  Det största problemet som hittades var att genom att återvinna aluminium skrot, så kan det tidigare legeringselement bli föroreningar i den nya skrot baserade materialet. Dessa föroreningarna kan ändra egenskaperna hos aluminiumet. För att får bort dessa föroreningar kan vara en svår process eller fortfarande utvecklande processen. Det är mycket lättare att försöka undvika dessa föroreningarnas från börja. Företagen gör detta genom att veta var skrotet kommer ifrån och skrotets legeringsämnen innan de återanvänder det. Då kan de organisera skrotet bättre och använda det till liknande skrot material i framtiden.  Denna studien fokuserar på hur skrotbaserat aluminium fungerar i ett kretslopp och hur gammalt skrot kan återanvändas till ny användbar aluminium. Med en förståelse på hur processen fungerar, så är det mycket lättare att hitta problem som kan leda till möjligheter att förbättra processen.

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