Cette thèse se propose de penser l’expérience des dispositifs écraniques à partir de pratiques artistiques contemporaines. Il s’agit d’analyser comment des artistes travaillant à partir d’images appareillées (de l’installation vidéo au cinéma expérimental en passant par le net art) et de leur mise en espace, opèrent des déplacements dans les diverses strates des dispositifs pour proposer des situations esthétiques qui relèvent du hors champ, de l’impensé, du refoulé des dispositifs écraniques fonctionnels, faisant écho aux frictions qui se jouent entre leur mode d’action et notre expérience.Face à la difficulté de définir les dispositifs écraniques de par la multiplicité de leurs formes et de leur usages, il est proposé en premier lieu une réflexion sur la notion de dispositif, corrélée à celles d’écran et de technologie (I). Puis sont considérées les tactiques artistiques permettant de détourner l’impact de ces dispositifs (par l’expérimentation de la mise en défaut, du détournement, de l’appropriation…). S’en suivent cinq mouvements, comme autant de voies de déplacement, qui abordent les dispositifs écraniques selon des entrées différentes : il s’agit de révéler la part d’être de l’appareil par des opérations plastiques et contextuelles (II), de créer des voies de figuration alternatives par et à travers l’interface (III), de détourner la relation physique et émotionnelle entretenue avec l’écran (IV), d’opposer à la mobilité des écrans celles des spectateurs (V), et enfin de confronter les dispositifs écraniques à l’épreuve de l’espace (VI). Un dernier chapitre propose une synthèse de ces déplacements concrétisée par l’analyse d’un projet de création (entrepris parallèlement aux recherches théoriques) où sont mis en œuvre les mouvements précités (VII).Les analyses plastiques sont étayées par des mises en perspective historiques et sociétales, avec une considération particulière pour les questions de réception et d’usage. / In a time when screens are more and more studied and analysed, this thesis is based on observations of both users’ behaviors and contemporary artists’ productions.It chooses to present the experience created by screened devices and systems through these observations. It defines the screen as an apparatus — meaning, as a mix of different elements assembled for a specific purpose — which articulates separation and re-synthesising. We analyse how artists work with images in devices (from video installation to experimental cinema and net art) and how they use space to produce an attentional shift, therefore creating artworks that call for realizations.Facing the difficulties of clearly defining screened apparatus due to the multitudes of shapes they take and uses they create, we first orient our reflexion to the very notion of apparatus, combined with those of screen and technologie. Then we consider the artists’ tactics to hijack the impact of these apparatus (through experimentation, appropriation and misappropriation). This is followed by five movements, presented as possible means of displacements, each addressing, in its own way, the screened apparatus. We study the different relationships those screens can have inside the apparatus, and how they react and interact with space. We feed this research with analyses of artworks, historical and societal perspectives, with a special leaning towards the notions of reception and user’s experience.

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The aim of this diploma thesis is to create paintings with a technical approach close to the traditional Japanese painting. The topics of the paintings are freely inspired by the themes of short stories of Japanese writer Ibuse Masuji. The diploma thesis consists of written part and practical part. The major part of the written part focuses on the brief summary of topic of the Japanese painting and related subjects from the Japanese culture. The main topic of the practical part is the painting on the folding screens.

Peneiras vibratórias são equipamentos amplamente utilizados em circuitos de cominuição nas mais variadas funções, desde classificação primária, processando blocos de algumas toneladas até em um escalpe de finos para um britador, até mesmo um processo de desaguamento, no qual as telas atuam como filtros, processando polpas que contêm partículas muito finas. Sua utilização tem crescido consideravelmente nos últimos anos, pois quando as peneiras vibratórias são corretamente aplicadas, possibilitam aumentar a eficiência de uma usina a custos razoavelmente baixos. Embora as funções do peneiramento sejam de fácil entendimento, o processo de seleção e dimensionamento dos equipamentos é complexo e sujeito a erros de difícil solução. Quando o minério tem baixa umidade, caso da maioria das aplicações, os dimensionamentos feitos pelos métodos tradicionais apresentam boa correlação com os resultados obtidos nas peneiras industriais. Entretanto, quando a umidade é alta, os cálculos podem apresentar grandes desvios frente ao desempenho real ou simplesmente não funcionar. Este problema é bastante comum em regiões tropicais, como o Norte do Brasil, local com alta incidência de chuvas, onde predominam minérios alterados. O objetivo deste trabalho foi desenvolver um método de dimensionamento de peneira, através de ensaios em laboratório com pequena quantidade de amostras, que permite ao usuário estimar o desempenho de uma peneira industrial no processamento de minérios difíceis com melhor precisão, comparado aos métodos convencionais. As conclusões demonstram a viabilidade técnica do método proposto e seus limites de aplicação. / The vibrating screens are widely used in the comminution circuits for different applications. They can be used for fines removal before a crusher or as a dewatering equipment, where the screening media act as a filter. The screen utilization has been extensively growing in the last years since its accurate operation allows plant efficiency improvements at a minor cost. Although the screening process has an easy understanding, the scale-up and sizing methods can be complex and subject to errors that are difficult to solve. When an ore has low natural moisture, representing most applications, the screen size estimates done by traditional methods normally shows proper correlation compared to industrial screens. However, when the moisture content is high, calculations may present significant deviations when compared to the real operation. This kind of problem is characteristic for tropical regions such as the North of Brazil, where weathered rocks are predominated. The objective of this work was to develop a screen sizing method which allows the user to do an industrial screen performance estimation for difficult high natural moisture ores, based on laboratory test work with reduced quantity of samples, and to provide better accuracy when compared to the results coming from traditional sizing methods. The conclusions demonstrate the technical viability of the method and its application limits.

This thesis considers the effects of Picture Archive and Communications Systems (PACS), on both patient radiation doses and patient management. PACS is a relatively new technology which acquires, transmits, and stores radiological images digitally. This thesis investigates the doses which are required to produce radiographic images which are acceptable to radiologists and referring clinicians, and compares these doses with those required for the film/screen systems which they are replacing. A review of the literature shows that despite claims of dose reductions, very little good evidence exists about dose changes with the introduction of PACS. A comparison of images of test objects indicates that the images are comparable under limited conditions, that PACS has a much wider latitude than film (>250 mAs), and that contrast detail improves with increase in exposure. Two original observational studies are described in which PACS and film doses are compared for examinations of two groups of adult patients. The results indicate that the doses for PACS equate to those used with a 300 speed film/screen system thus necessitating dose increases of around 30% for the majority of adult patients in the UK. The issue of whether the number of images which are repeated, with additional patient doses, due to unsatisfactory images (rejected images), or unavailability of the images when clinically required (lost images), is addressed and indicates that PACS may allow a dose saving of 1.1 % and 1.4% respectively. The overall result of these studies indicates that the widespread introduction of PACS is likely to increase population doses. Two original studies which consider patients within the Accident and Emergency department are described. These studies aim to produce evidence to justify the introduction of the new technology, despite higher radiation doses, by identifying improvements in patient management which might improve patient outcomes. The results of these studies provide little evidence of such benefits to patients. This thesis concludes that the use of current PAC systems produces an increase in the radiation dose to the adult population in the UK, without demonstrable improvements in patient management.

Current debates on design and manufacturing support the claim that the ‘Third Industrial Revolution’ has already started due to Additive Manufacturing (AM) and 3D Printing. The process of solidifying liquid or powder using a binding agent or a melting laser can save time and transportation costs associated with importing primary material if locally sourced material is available. This research investigates a framework approach, titled SAFE, for discussing the functionality, economic viability, production feasibility, and aesthetic and cultural value lent by 3D printing on an architectural scale through a construction known as a Mashrabiya. This traditional window screen has distinguished aesthetic, cultural yet functional constraints, and there is a manufacturing gap in the market that makes it a viable product option to be 3D printed. The practical element and design process related to reviving this screen are examined, from complex geometry development to cost and fabrication estimations. 3D printing technologies potentially offer solutions to solve issues in construction and assembly times, reduce labour costs, and address the loss of hand craft making skills in a variety of cultures, typically Middle Eastern ones; this was a factor in the abandonment of old Mashrabiya in houses typified with Bahrain as a case. Presently, there is a growing wealth of literature that highlights not only the strength of Mashrabiya as a design concept but also as a possible 3D printed product. Interviews with a total of 42 local Bahraini manufacturers, academics and architects as well as 4 case studies and 2 surveys and 11 focus groups are hybrid mixed methods used to define a new 3D printed Mashrabiya (3DPM) prototype. The future of the 3D Mashrabiya prototype is further supported by economic forecasts, market research, and interviews with global manufacturers and 3D printing designers’ insights into the subject in an accretive design process. The research contributes to an understanding of the implications of technologies that enable mass customisation in the field of 3D-printed architecture in general and in the Bahraini market in particular. The process for developing a prototype screen and in determining its current economic value will prove significant in predicting the future benefits and obstacles of 3D-printed large scale architectural products in the coming five years as advised by industry experts. The main outcomes relate to establishing boundaries determining the validity of using 3D printing and a SAFE framework to produce a parametric Mashrabiya and other similar heritage architectural archetypes. This can be used to enhance the globalism of the design of Middle Eastern dwellings and to revive social identity and cultural traditions through innovative and reasonable yet superior design solutions using a hybrid architectural design language.

Lesbianism has received unprecedented screen time in the cinema in the first fifteen years of the twenty-first century. This marks a significant shift away from a prior invisibility, historically interrupted only by invocations of pathologisation, isolation and tragedy. At the same time, critical discourses have increasingly replaced identity categories such as “the lesbian” with the more fluid notions of “queer” sexuality. In this paradoxical context, this thesis identifies and theorises the kinds of cinematic language through which the figure of “the lesbian” has continued to be made legible on the screen. If the cultural invisibility of lesbianism is arguably a thing of the past, the invisibility of lesbianism in academic scholarship is an increasingly notable feature of the current critical landscape. The majority of anthologies on “queer” or “gay” cinema exclude lesbians both as contributors and as objects of study, rendering insecure the equation of political progress with screen visibility. Identifying a shift away from defining lesbian cinema as “about lesbians”, this project offers a series of close readings of narrative feature films released between 2001 and 2013 that put lesbianism in motion. The thesis discusses a range of recent films to consider how the cinematic language of lesbianism has moved beyond the twin burdens the term has historically carried, as deplorably singular and threateningly doubled. In dialogue with debates in psychoanalytic feminist film criticism about the woman in cinema, the first two chapters consider the relationship between lesbianism, narrative and genre in Mulholland Drive (Lynch, 2001), Nathalie (Fontaine, 2003) and Chloe (Egoyan, 2009). My argument explores how these films expose the contradictory relationship between absence and presence in cinema’s production of lesbianism, troubling the ease with which sex can be read as the visual evidence of sexuality. The subsequent two chapters move from psychoanalytically informed studies of the cinematic coding of lesbian fantasy to an investigation of the affective, spatial and temporal registers of desire and eroticism that have provoked recent debates in feminist theory. These chapters consider the ways in which the in-between and expectant modes of subjectivity and sensation that characterise adolescent sexuality coincide with, and accent, lesbian desires in Water Lilies (Sciamma, 2007), She Monkeys (Aschan, 2011) and Circumstance (Keshavarz, 2011). Moving from transactions of power to those of pleasure, the final chapter offers a close reading of Blue is the Warmest Colour (Kechiche, 2013) and of the discursive constructions of explicit lesbian sex surrounding it. My reading of the film argues that it formally queers desire in a way that unsettles the over-privileging of sex in the characterisation of lesbian sexuality. Across these five chapters, this thesis explores the relationship between the figuration of the singular lesbian and the multiple registers of her desire and sexuality. In conclusion, the thesis argues that a new field of figurations, emerging from the influences of queer theory, has pushed at the limits of lesbian legibility and generated nuanced and sensitive renderings of debates about sexuality on the screen.

Seed dormancy is a mechanism with great importance in plant fitness and it inhibits seed germination until is broken and seeds can germinate under optimal environmental conditions favorable for successful reproduction. Primary dormancy is contingent to the environment that seeds and the mother plant experience. Temperature is a major factor participating in the regulation of this complex trait. High and low levels of dormancy are induced during seed maturation by cold and warm temperatures respectively but the mechanism at the basis of temperature signaling in seeds is not well understood. Climate change and increased weather variability threaten the constant supply of high quality seeds into the market hence agriculture productivity. Therefore, understanding and taking control of the molecular mechanism behind the regulation of seed dormancy and germination will help to control and predict seed behavior in the field. Here I describe and discuss a forward genetic screen for the selection of mutant seed lines with altered seed dormancy in response to cool temperature during seed set. Putative mutant seed lines designated awake1 to awake52, were preliminarily characterized. Eleven awake lines were selected for further analysis and one was investigated in more detail. It was revealed that awake1 seeds shares common phenotype with seeds of a suberin deficient mutant which were previously reported to display increased dormancy but, here, I show they also display a reduction of seed dormancy. Segregation analysis suggests that the reduced dormancy phenotype is maternally inherited as the suberin deficient mutants. Also, transcriptomic analysis shows that many suberin associated genes are temperature-regulated. I conclude that control of suberin deposition may play a role in the regulation of dormancy in response to cool temperature.

More information is now readily available to computer users than at any time in human history; however, much of this information is often inaccessible to people with blindness or low-vision, for whom information must be presented non-visually. Currently, screen readers are able to verbalize on-screen text using text-to-speech (TTS) synthesis; however, much of this vocalization is inadequate for browsing the Internet. An auditory interface that incorporates auditory-spatial orientation was created and tested. For information that can be structured as a two-dimensional table, links can be semantically grouped as cells in a row within an auditory table, which provides a consistent structure for auditory navigation. An auditory display prototype was tested. Sixteen legally blind subjects participated in this research study. Results demonstrated that stereo panning was an effective technique for audio-spatially orienting non-visual navigation in a five-row, six-column HTML table as compared to a centered, stationary synthesized voice. These results were based on measuring the time- to-target (TTT), or the amount of time elapsed from the first prompting to the selection of each tabular link. Preliminary analysis of the TTT values recorded during the experiment showed that the populations did not conform to the ANOVA requirements of normality and equality of variances. Therefore, the data were transformed using the natural logarithm. The repeated-measures two-factor ANOVA results show that the logarithmically-transformed TTTs were significantly affected by the tonal variation method, F(1,15) = 6.194, p= 0.025. Similarly, the results show that the logarithmically transformed TTTs were marginally affected by the stereo spatialization method, F(1,15) = 4.240, p=0.057. The results show that the logarithmically transformed TTTs were not significantly affected by the interaction of both methods, F(1,15) = 1.381, p=0.258. These results suggest that some confusion may be caused in the subject when employing both of these methods simultaneously. The significant effect of tonal variation indicates that the effect is actually increasing the average TTT. In other words, the presence of preceding tones increases task completion time on average. The marginally-significant effect of stereo spatialization decreases the average log(TTT) from 2.405 to 2.264.

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a devastating adult onset neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the selective degeneration of upper and lower motor neurons. Patients typically die from respiratory failures within 2-5 years after diagnosis. One of the milestones in ALS research is the discovery Fused in Sarcoma (FUS), an ALS causative gene. FUS is an RNA/DNA-binding protein and predominantly resides in the nucleus. Majority of the FUS mutations are located in the C-terminus and causing aberrant misdistribution to the cytoplasm. Currently, only a few binding partners of FUS are known, which makes it difficult to speculate on the function and interaction of the protein. In this study, we conducted a kinome-wide RNAi screen to identify kinases that affect the localization of FUS. A dual specificity protein kinase named CDC2-like kinase (CLK1) from the screen was found to be responsible for in post-translational modification of FUS and affects the localization of FUS in the nucleus. The identification of CLK1 as FUSmodifying kinase is consistent with roles ascribed to both in the binding and regulation of RNA.