Sedan industrialismens start har människan påverkat klimatbalansen genom förbränning av fossila bränslen. Rökgasemissionerna förorsakade av internationell sjöfart kan inte tillskrivas någon särskild nations ansvar på grund av dess globala och komplicerade verksamhet. FN:s sjöfartsorgan IMO har således åtagit sig ansvaret att minska sjöfartens miljöpåverkan. Införandet av nya miljömål har resulterat i strängare globala och nationella regler som tvingar sjöfartsnäringen till omfattande anpassningar under kort tid. Som lösning för att uppfylla kommande krav gällande rökgasemissioner har flertalet alternativa bränslen diskuterats. Drift på metanol medför låga rökgasemissioner och anses därav ha potential till att bli ett hållbart bränsle inom sjöfarten. Studiens syfte har varit att undersöka vad rederier, maskintillverkare och klassningssällskap anser om metanol som ett alternativt bränsle. Inledningsvis genomfördes en litteraturstudiedel som sedan låg till grund under utformandet av intervjufrågorna. Resultatet visar att metanol anses ha stor potential i jämförelse med andra alternativa bränsle. Då metanol kan produceras från överskottsenergi och transport kan ske med befintlig infrastruktur betraktas det både miljövänligt och ekonomiskt försvarbart. Likväl medför det kraftigt varierande metanolpriset att rederier hämmas att satsa på utvecklingen som krävs för att realisera metanoldrift av fartyg. / Since the start of industrialization humans have affected the climate balance by burning fossil fuels. Exhaust gas emissions caused by the international shipping cannot be attributed to any particular nation because of its global and complex business. The International Maritime Organisation has therefore undertaken the responsibility to reduce the environmental impact of shipping. The introduction of new environmental goals has resulted in stricter global and national regulations that force the shipping industry to make significant adjustments in a short period of time. As a solution to meet future requirements for exhaust gas emissions several alternative fuels have been discussed. Operating vessels on methanol results in low exhaust gas emissions and is therefore considered to have the potential to become a sustainable fuel for the shipping industry. The aim of this study was to investigate what shipping companies, machine manufacturers and classification societies considers about methanol as an alternative fuel. Initially, a literature study was implemented which formed the basis of the interview questions. The result shows that methanol is considered to have great potential compared with other alternative fuels. Since methanol can be produced from excess energy and transportation can be done with existing infrastructure methanol is considered both environmentally friendly and economically viable. Nevertheless, the highly fluctuating methanol price can causes shipping companies to hesitate in the financing of developments that is necessary for the realization of methanol operation on board vessels.

<p>Under vårt sista år var vi intresserade av att ta reda på de problem som vi kan stöta på i våra yrkesroller som fartygsingenjörer. Arbetet tar upp de tekniska problem som uppstår p.g.a. de allt strängare kraven på minskade svavelutsläpp från fartyg. De tekniska problemen härstammar från de olika bränslekvaliteternas vitt skilda egenskaper. Som svar på dessa problem har det utvecklats tekniska lösningar varav två stycken har tagits upp i detta arbete.</p><p>För att ta reda på vilka tekniska problem som kan uppstå tog vi del av den berörda utrustningens tillverkares erfarenheter enligt empirisk modell. Enligt samma modell har vi även utfört en kvalitativ intervju med en teknisk chef för att ta del av dennes erfarenheter.</p><p>Miljölagarna rörande luftföroreningar från fartyg kommer med tiden stramas åt allt mer, varpå de kommer få en än mer betydande inverkan på fartygsdriften i framtiden. Bränsleövergångar ombord kommer att bli ett mer frekvent inslag då destillatbränslen krävs för att följa vissa områdens utsläppsregler men samtidigt nyttja tjockolja i så stor utsträckning som möjligt av ekonomiska skäl.</p> / <p>During our final year, we developed an interest in the difficulties we may encounter as marine engineers. This diploma thesis concerns the technical issues that occur due to new regulations concerning the sulphur emissions from merchant vessels. These technical issues are a consequence of the vast property differences between fuel qualities. As a result of these problems, technical solutions have been developed as a countermeasure, of which two have been presented in this comprehensive report.</p><p>In order to identify the difficulties that may arise we analysed the manufacturers experiences in an empirical method. Using the same method we conducted an in-depth interview with a chief engineer in order to take part of his experiences.</p><p>The environmental legislation concerning air pollution from merchant vessels will in a near future be even stricter, thus they will have an increasing impact on the ships operation. Fuel change-overs will be a more frequent event as in some areas distillate fuels are required to meet the demands on low sulphur emissions. At the same time the economical advantages of heavy fuel oil makes it preferable to use in other areas.</p>

Under vårt sista år var vi intresserade av att ta reda på de problem som vi kan stöta på i våra yrkesroller som fartygsingenjörer. Arbetet tar upp de tekniska problem som uppstår p.g.a. de allt strängare kraven på minskade svavelutsläpp från fartyg. De tekniska problemen härstammar från de olika bränslekvaliteternas vitt skilda egenskaper. Som svar på dessa problem har det utvecklats tekniska lösningar varav två stycken har tagits upp i detta arbete. För att ta reda på vilka tekniska problem som kan uppstå tog vi del av den berörda utrustningens tillverkares erfarenheter enligt empirisk modell. Enligt samma modell har vi även utfört en kvalitativ intervju med en teknisk chef för att ta del av dennes erfarenheter. Miljölagarna rörande luftföroreningar från fartyg kommer med tiden stramas åt allt mer, varpå de kommer få en än mer betydande inverkan på fartygsdriften i framtiden. Bränsleövergångar ombord kommer att bli ett mer frekvent inslag då destillatbränslen krävs för att följa vissa områdens utsläppsregler men samtidigt nyttja tjockolja i så stor utsträckning som möjligt av ekonomiska skäl. / During our final year, we developed an interest in the difficulties we may encounter as marine engineers. This diploma thesis concerns the technical issues that occur due to new regulations concerning the sulphur emissions from merchant vessels. These technical issues are a consequence of the vast property differences between fuel qualities. As a result of these problems, technical solutions have been developed as a countermeasure, of which two have been presented in this comprehensive report. In order to identify the difficulties that may arise we analysed the manufacturers experiences in an empirical method. Using the same method we conducted an in-depth interview with a chief engineer in order to take part of his experiences. The environmental legislation concerning air pollution from merchant vessels will in a near future be even stricter, thus they will have an increasing impact on the ships operation. Fuel change-overs will be a more frequent event as in some areas distillate fuels are required to meet the demands on low sulphur emissions. At the same time the economical advantages of heavy fuel oil makes it preferable to use in other areas.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:30:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2013-03-27Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:21:01Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 santos_cm_dr_botfca.pdf: 1215927 bytes, checksum: 270920627d6ae63331e38022b7c13faa (MD5) / A cana-de-açúcar é uma cultura de grande importância econômica no mundo. No Brasil, sua expansão tem sido impulsionada para novas áreas agrícolas não tradicionais que apresentam deficiência hídrica. Estudos que visam à seleção de cultivares que apresentem tolerância aos estresses ambientais se constituem numa alternativa viável para aumentar a produtividade nessas regiões. Neste sentido, o objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar de maneira comparativa as respostas fisiológicas e bioquímicas em cana-de-açúcar cultivada sob deficiência hídrica bem como analisar os efeitos fisiológicos do herbicida Paraquat, visando constituir uma alternativa para caracterizar cultivares tolerantes em programas de melhoramento genético da cana-de-açúcar. Para isso, experimentos foram conduzidos em vasos em casa de vegetação e no laboratório da Unidade de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento da APTA em Jaú (SP). Foram utilizadas quatro cultivares de cana-de-açúcar RB92579, SP81-3250, SP83-2847 e IAC91-5155 em cada experimento. Para o estudo de deficiência hídrica, a primeira avaliação foi realizada nas plantas sem estresse após 85 dias do plantio, em seguida foram implementados dois tratamentos, sem deficiência (-D) e com deficiência (+D) por suspensão da rega por 15 dias e posterior reidratação por 12 dias. Para os estudos com herbicida Paraquat (PQ) um segundo experimento foi instalado dividido em duas partes. Na primeira, foi pulverizado Paraquat, na dose de 150 μM, 24 horas antes das avaliações em plantas conduzidas simultaneamente ao experimento de deficiência hídrica. Na segunda parte, segmentos foliares das cultivares foram cortados em discos e imersos em solução de Paraquat em placas de Petri e analisados quanto à degradação de clorofila. Todos os experimentos foram conduzidos em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, em... / Sugarcane is one of the most economically important crops used in the production of sugar and of bioethanol. In Brazil, this plant has been introduced to non-traditional agricultural areas, with adverse agro-climatic conditions where water deficit is highlighted. Studies aimed at selecting drought-tolerant cultivars are a viable alternative to increase the productivity of these regions. The main goal of this research includes to study comparatively the physiological and biochemical responses in sugarcane under drought stress and recovering as well as analyzing the physiological effects induced by the herbicide paraquat, aiming to establish a scoring system for selecting sugarcane drought tolerant cultivars in breeding programs. The experiments were carried out in a greenhouse located in the Unit of Research and Development of APTA, Jaú, SP., where the cultivars RB92579, SP81-3250, SP83-2847 and IAC91-5155 were grown in pots and used for each set of experiments. For the study of water stress, the first assessment was done in plants without stress after 85 days of planting, and after that two treatments were implemented, i.e. without water deficit (-D) and with water deficit (+D) by withholding in the water supply for 15 days and rewatering for 12 days after the stress period. For the study of paraquat (PQ), another set of experiments were carried out simultaneously to the water stress experiments. Two different experimental methods were used for spraying the PQ solution (150 μM). In the first one, the PQ solution was sprayed onto leaves of the sugarcane plants and the assessments took place 24 hours after spraying. In the second experiment, leaf disks were floated in PQ solutions for 24 hours for analyzing chlorophyll degradation. All experimental designs were completely randomized in 4x2 factorial scheme (four sugarcane... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Orientador: Marcelo de Almeida Silva / Coorientador : Giuseppina Pace Pereira Lima / Banca: Carlos Alexandre Costa Crusciol / Banca: João Domingos Rodrigues / Banca: Laurício Endres / Banca: Gustavo Maia Souza / Resumo: A cana-de-açúcar é uma cultura de grande importância econômica no mundo. No Brasil, sua expansão tem sido impulsionada para novas áreas agrícolas não tradicionais que apresentam deficiência hídrica. Estudos que visam à seleção de cultivares que apresentem tolerância aos estresses ambientais se constituem numa alternativa viável para aumentar a produtividade nessas regiões. Neste sentido, o objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar de maneira comparativa as respostas fisiológicas e bioquímicas em cana-de-açúcar cultivada sob deficiência hídrica bem como analisar os efeitos fisiológicos do herbicida Paraquat, visando constituir uma alternativa para caracterizar cultivares tolerantes em programas de melhoramento genético da cana-de-açúcar. Para isso, experimentos foram conduzidos em vasos em casa de vegetação e no laboratório da Unidade de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento da APTA em Jaú (SP). Foram utilizadas quatro cultivares de cana-de-açúcar RB92579, SP81-3250, SP83-2847 e IAC91-5155 em cada experimento. Para o estudo de deficiência hídrica, a primeira avaliação foi realizada nas plantas sem estresse após 85 dias do plantio, em seguida foram implementados dois tratamentos, sem deficiência (-D) e com deficiência (+D) por suspensão da rega por 15 dias e posterior reidratação por 12 dias. Para os estudos com herbicida Paraquat (PQ) um segundo experimento foi instalado dividido em duas partes. Na primeira, foi pulverizado Paraquat, na dose de 150 μM, 24 horas antes das avaliações em plantas conduzidas simultaneamente ao experimento de deficiência hídrica. Na segunda parte, segmentos foliares das cultivares foram cortados em discos e imersos em solução de Paraquat em placas de Petri e analisados quanto à degradação de clorofila. Todos os experimentos foram conduzidos em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, em... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Sugarcane is one of the most economically important crops used in the production of sugar and of bioethanol. In Brazil, this plant has been introduced to non-traditional agricultural areas, with adverse agro-climatic conditions where water deficit is highlighted. Studies aimed at selecting drought-tolerant cultivars are a viable alternative to increase the productivity of these regions. The main goal of this research includes to study comparatively the physiological and biochemical responses in sugarcane under drought stress and recovering as well as analyzing the physiological effects induced by the herbicide paraquat, aiming to establish a scoring system for selecting sugarcane drought tolerant cultivars in breeding programs. The experiments were carried out in a greenhouse located in the Unit of Research and Development of APTA, Jaú, SP., where the cultivars RB92579, SP81-3250, SP83-2847 and IAC91-5155 were grown in pots and used for each set of experiments. For the study of water stress, the first assessment was done in plants without stress after 85 days of planting, and after that two treatments were implemented, i.e. without water deficit (-D) and with water deficit (+D) by withholding in the water supply for 15 days and rewatering for 12 days after the stress period. For the study of paraquat (PQ), another set of experiments were carried out simultaneously to the water stress experiments. Two different experimental methods were used for spraying the PQ solution (150 μM). In the first one, the PQ solution was sprayed onto leaves of the sugarcane plants and the assessments took place 24 hours after spraying. In the second experiment, leaf disks were floated in PQ solutions for 24 hours for analyzing chlorophyll degradation. All experimental designs were completely randomized in 4x2 factorial scheme (four sugarcane... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Doutor

Orientador: Rafael Silva Oliveira / Texto em português e inglês / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-25T08:28:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Teodoro_GrazielleSales_D.pdf: 9847099 bytes, checksum: dea93bd8d08793dfcbbfed314d895252 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / Resumo: Eventos de secas extremas têm ocorrido com frequência nos últimos anos em regiões tropicais. Plantas em montanhas tropicais são particularmente sensíveis a mudanças no clima e pouco se sabe sobre a resistência e resiliência de comunidades vegetais ricas em espécies, como os campos rupestres, a condições climáticas extremas. Nosso objetivo foi avaliar as respostas fenológicas e ecofisiológicas e o crescimento de seis espécies abundantes de campo rupestre sob condições de seca extrema, sendo duas rosetas (Vellozia nivea e Vellozia aff. variabilis) e quatro arbustivas (Campomanesia pubecens, Eremanthus seidelii, Mimosa clausenii e Vernonia warmingiana). Para simular eventos de seca extrema, realizamos um experimento de exclusão de chuva, constituído por 12 parcelas (4x4 metros), sendo quatro controle e oito de exclusão, em uma area de campo rupestre no Parque Nacional da Serra da Canastra. Avaliamos o desempenho ecofisiológico das plantas submetidas a condições climáticas contrastantes mediante um conjunto de atributos morfofisiológicos, incluindo: trocas gasosas, composição isotópica do carbono (?13CCELL) e oxigênio (?18OCELL) da celulose foliar (medidas integradoras da assimilação de carbono e condutância estomática), curvas de vulnerabilidade à cavitação, curvas pressão-volume, carboidratos não-estruturais (CNE), crescimento e fenologia foliar. As espécies estudadas mostraram-se bastante resistente à seca, pois após 17 meses de exclusão de chuva não encontramos diferenças de crescimento e mortalidade entre populações nas parcelas controle e experimentais. As espécies apresentaram um contínuo de estratégias de uso de água, variando de espécies isohídricas (E. seidellii) à anisohídricas (C. pubecens). O uso da abordagem isotópica dupla (?13CCELL e ?18OCELL) foi válida para avaliar e predizer as respostas fotossintéticas e estomáticas à seca apenas para as espécies isohídricas. Além disso, a composição isotópica da celulose da folha pode ser influenciada pela mobilização de reservas de CNE nas raízes. As duas espécies congenéricas de Velloziaceae apresentaram estratégias constrastantes para lidar com a seca: uma espécie é tolerante à dessecação (TD) (V. nivea) e a Vellozia aff. variabilis é não-TD. A espécie TD apresentou maiores taxas de trocas gasosas durante a estação chuvosa e durante a seca prolongada entrou em estado de "dormência", exibindo um comportamento oportunista de uso de água. Já a espécie não-DT apresentou uma estratégia conservadora de uso de água. Durante a seca, observamos um aumento no estoque de CNE% nas raízes na espécie TD, o que pode representar um mecanismo chave para sobrevivência dessa espécie durante os ciclos de dessecação e rehidratação. As três espécies arbustivas (C. pubecens, E. seidellii, V. warmingiana) apresentaram sistemas hidráulicos contrastantes, com diferentes pontos de perda de turgor (?TLP) e vulnerabilidade à cavitação (estimada mediante o P50 - potencial hídrico que corresponde à 50% de perda de condutividade). As espécies mais resistentes à cavitação (maior P50) apresentam menores reservas de CNE nas raízes, sugerindo um trade-off entre atributos hidráulicos e de estoque de carbono. Nossos resultados trazem importantes contribuições para o entendimento de funcionamento de ecossistemas sazonais limitados por água e ilustram a diversidade de estratégias hidráulicas que conferem resiliência à seca / Abstract: In the past years, extreme droughts have been frequently recorded in several tropical regions. Plants in tropical mountains are particularly sensitive to changes in climate little is known about the plant physiological adjustments and responses to changes in rainfall patterns. Our objective was to evaluate the phenological and ecophysiological responses of six dominant species with contrasting life forms in campos rupestres under an extreme drought condition. We studied two rosettes species (Vellozia nivea and Vellozia aff. variabilis) and four shrubs (Campomanesia pubecens, Eremanthus seidelii, Mimosa clausenii e Vernonia warmingiana). We implemented a rainwater exclusion experiment with 12 plots (4x4 meters), in which eight was considered drought treatment and four control treatment. We monitored several aspects of the plant ecophysiology, such as gas exchange using instantaneous measurements and stable isotope as integrators of leaf functioning, pressure-volume curves, vulnerability curves, non-structural carbohydrates (NSC) in roots, growth, biomass and leaf phenology. Species showed a continuum of water use strategies, varying from anysohydric (C. pubecens) to completely isohydric (E. seidelii) species. The relationship between ?18OCELL and gsMAX was negative and significant only for isohydric species. The use of dual isotopic approach also was valid only for isohydric species. Across species, we found a strong positive relationship between ?18OCELL and NSC% for individuals under drought treatment, suggesting that the use of NSC% reserves in water stress conditions can affect leaf isotope composition. Our results suggest that in communities dominated to species with a great diversity of hydraulic strategies, such as the campos rupestres, ?18OCELL should be used with caution to infer physiological responses. We evaluated a congeneric pair of Velloziaceae species with contrasting strategies to cope with the erratic water availability in campos rupestres. One species is desiccation tolerant (DT) and the other is drought resistance (non-DT). The DT species showed high gsMAX and low WUEi during the rainny season, showing a profligate water use. By contrast, the non-DT showed a conservative water use throughout the year. The DT species also increased the %NSC storage in roots during the prolonged drought, presumably a key mechanism that allow survival to desiccation in this species. The three shrub species (C. pubecens, E. seidelii and M. clausenii) showed different P50 (water potential that corresponds 50% of conductivity loss) and ?TLP (water potential at turgor loss point). The biomass, in general, was little affected by our drought treatment. This three species showed a trade-off between the vulnerability to cavitation and NSC storage, in which, species more resistant to cavitation (more negative P50) showed lower NSC% storage in roots. Our results illustrate the diversity of strategies that plants might present to deal with drought and bring important contributions to understand the functioning of water-limited environments / Doutorado / Biologia Vegetal / Doutora em Biologia Vegetal

The purpose of this study is to examine how Viking Line, Tallink Silja and Birka Cruises work with economic and environmental sustainability, and also to see how they work with new environmental legislations. In 2015 a new environmental legislation will be introduced, by the name Sulphur directive. The Sulphur directive entails a reduction in Sulphur dioxide emissions from ships where the emissions cannot exceed 0,1 percent. There are three alternatives to achieve the new environmental legislation, the use of Marine Gas Oil, LNG or scrubbers. All three alternatives will lead to increasing costs for the shipping industry. The three companies exerts its shipping traffic in the Baltic Sea, a sea that is highly sensitive to external impacts. In the study qualitative methods were used, three personal interviews and five telephone interviews. Five theories were used to understand how the companies work, their estimations and their decisions: Strategic Tourism Planning Process, the Triple Bottom Line, the COSO model, The Decision-making Process and Responsible Cruise Tourism. The results of the study show that all three companies are facing an uncertain economic sustainable future and the deciding factors will be technological development, fuel prices and competitiveness.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-16T15:23:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 5410765 bytes, checksum: 5281d9c890700ef5e1e636d911d5b44c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-08-28 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The general objective of this research is to (re)constitute the memory of the newspaper library at NUT-SECA, in the period of 1980-2012, as a support for future historiographies, and also, to contribute to the dissemination of information existing in the various thematic collections. It results from a descriptive research intending to build a history that emphasizes the diversity of content and the conditions of conservation, preservation and social use of the newspaper library as an artifact of information. The methodology has a quantitative-qualitative approach and uses documentary research to prepare the documents for data collection. For data analysis two techniques were applied: the Documentary Analysis (AD) and Content Analysis (CA). The results presents that the newspaper library collection at NUT- SECA is a historical documentation, as well as one of the memory locations of the drought and of Brazil s northeastern semi-arid, especially in Rio Grande do Norte, and that, depending on use, may contribute to the production of specific knowledge, strengthening the scientific literature on the theme of drought and general research in the field of Social Sciences. The final considerations are expected to have contributed to the construction of new knowledge about the newspaper library at NUT-SECA, as well as we hope the wide socialization of its collection to be a support for historiographies regarding this issue and/or on issues surrounding the NUT -SECA and its newspaper library / Re(constituir) a memória da Hemeroteca do NUT-SECA, no período de 1980 a 2012, como subsídios para futuras historiografias, e também, contribuir para a divulgação das informações existente nas diversas coleções temáticas configura-se como o objetivo geral da pesquisa. Resulta de uma pesquisa descritiva, com vista à construção de uma história que ressalte a diversidade do conteúdo e as condições de conservação, preservação e uso social da Hemeroteca enquanto artefato de informação. A metodologia parte de uma abordagem quantiqualitativa e utiliza a pesquisa documental para preparar os documentos à coleta de dados. Para a análise dos dados duas técnicas foram aplicadas: a Análise documental (AD) e a Análise de conteúdo (AC). Os resultados mostraram que a coleção hemerográfica do NUT-SECA é uma documentação histórica, assim como um dos lugares de memória da seca e do semiárido do nordeste brasileiro, particularmente do Rio Grande do Norte, e que, a depender do uso, pode contribuir para a produção de conhecimento específico, fortalecendo a produção científica acerca da temática da seca e das pesquisas de uma maneira geral no campo das Ciências Sociais. Nas considerações finais espera-se ter contribuído para a construção de novos conhecimentos a respeito da hemeroteca do NUT-SECA, assim como almeja a ampla socialização do acervo hemerográfico, como subsídio para historiografias referentes a essa temática e/ou sobre questões do entorno do NUT-SECA e sua hemeroteca

Phytoplasmas are bacterial intracellular plant pathogens that cause devasting yield losses in diverse crops worldwide. Phytoplasmas were detected in clover and Catharanthus roseus plants, pear, apple and apricot trees. SecA and 16S rRNA genes, spacer region and 23S rRNA gene of five phytoplasma isolates were sequenced.

Den här studien har bestått i att klargöra hur fartyget Stena Vision, som går i trafik i ett SECA-område, klarade av att hantera en anpassning av fartygets drift efter de nya regler på svavelinnehåll i bränslet som infördes 1 januari 2015. Detta har undersökts genom en så kallad ”Före &amp; efter”-studie, som har fokuserat på förändringar av driftsekonomi, bunkerförbrukning, kemiska hälsorisker och arbetssituation. Med en kvantitativ metod har det varit fokus på åtgången av bränsle och driftskostnaderna före och efter bränslebytet. Förbrukningsdata för de olika förbrukningssystemen och bunkerkostnader för perioden maj 2014 till juli 2015 har samlats in och analyserats. Genom att sammanställa all data har sedan analysen visat att det skett en liten minskning av den absoluta bunkerförbrukningen och att den faktiska kostnaden för bunker har sjunkit efter bränslebytet. Resultatet har presenterats i olika tabeller och orsakerna till att resultatet blev som det blev har diskuterats i studiens diskussionsdel. Där presenteras eventuella orsaker som kan ha haft inverkan på resultatet och en stor orsak till att bunkerkostnaderna sjönk var att marknadspriset för råolja sjönk i början av år 2015. Med en kvantitativ metod, med kvalitativa inslag har studien undersökt hur maskinpersonalen ombord har upplevt förändringen i sin arbetssituation i och med bränslebytet. Genom att låta personalen besvara en postenkät med flervalsfrågor har det varit möjligt att skapa en bild av hur maskinpersonalen har upplevt någon förändring i sin arbetssituation i samband med bränslebytet. Enkäten har varit frivillig och de som deltagit i undersökningen har helt anonyma. Resultatet har presenterat i form av diagram och visar att förändringarna var små. De förändringar som uppstått har uppfattats som positiva. Med en kvantitativ metod har förändringen av de kemiska hälsoriskerna undersökts. Genom att sammanställa och jämföra de säkerhetsdatablad som medföljde respektive bränsleprodukt, var det möjligt att upptäcka om och hur hälsoriskerna vid hantering av bränslet har förändrats i samband med bränsleövergången. Resultatet visade att de kemiska hälsoriskerna inte har förändrats nämnvärt, då de olika bränslesorterna har liknade egenskaper. Det enda som kan sägas är att det nya bränslet som används har en lägre arbetstemperatur vilket medför en enklare och säkrare hantering för personalen. Problem som uppstod under studiens gång var att marknadspriset för råolja sjönk under perioden som studien omfattade, detta gjorde att kostnaderna för fartygets bunker inte blev som de hade förväntats. Det uppstod även svårigheter att få fram ett säkerhetsdatablad för Marine Diesel Oil, vilket gjorde att de kemiska hälsoriskerna för denna produkt inte kunde bedömas. Studien kan ändå konstatera att hanteringen av bränsleövergången för Stena Vision blev lyckad och den lilla förändring uppfattades som possitiv. / This study has been to clarify how the vessel Stena Vision, which is operating in a SECA area, managed to handle the adaptation of the operation of the ship by the new rules on the sulfur content in the fuel who was introduced on 1 January 2015. This has been investigated by a "Before &amp; After"-study, which focused on changes in operating costs, fuel consumption, chemical health risks and work situation. With a quantitative method has been focusing on the consumption of fuel and operating costs before and after the change of the fuel. Consumption data for the various consumable systems and bunker costs for the period May 2014 to July 2015 have been collected and analyzed. By compiling all the data since the analysis showed that there has been a slight decrease in the absolute bunker consumption and that the actual cost of bunker has fallen after the fuel changeover. The results have been presented in different tables and the reasons why the result was that it was, has been discussed in the study discussion part. It presents possible causes that may have impacted on the outcome and a major cause of bunker costs declined was that the market price of crude oil fell in early 2015. With a quantitative method, with qualitative elements, the study examined how the engine crew onboard have experienced change in their work situation during the period of fuel changeover. By allowing staff to answer a mail survey with multiple choice questions, it has been possible to create an image how the engine crew have experienced no change in their work situation in connection with the change of the fuel type. The survey has been completely voluntary and those who participated in the survey, kept completely anonymous. The results presented in the form of graphs and shows the change has been small. The changes that occurred have been perceived as positive. With a quantitative method, the change of the chemical health risks has been investigated. By compiling and comparing the safety data sheet supplied with each fuel product, it was possible to discover whether and how health risks when handling fuel has changed in connection with the fuel changeover. The results showed that the chemical health risks have not changed significantly, since the various types of fuel have similar characteristics. The only thing that can be said is that the new fuel which is used has a lower operating temperature, which includes an easier and safer handling for the staff. Problems that arose during the study was that the market price of crude oil fell during the period covered by the study , this made the costs of the ship's bunker are not what they had expected. There was also difficulty to obtaining the Safety Data Sheet for Marine Diesel Oil, which made that the chemical health risks for this product could not be assessed. The study can still note that the handling of the fuel crossing for the Stena Vision was successful and the little change that occurred was in the positive sense.