Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-29T14:27:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Luiz Tarciso Souza.pdf: 972281 bytes, checksum: 98e63b334fba11c4c36bc89e7d793c04 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-10-24 / The present dissertation is a study about the controversy established posthumously to Pius XII in regard to his attitudes in face of Shoah's episodes the annihilation of six millions Jews during the Second World War. Starting from the primary sources and a selected bibliography, this research sought to follow the facts and, mainly, to evaluate the counterpoised claims by several authors about Pius XII's actions and words. Some authors accuse him of silence and omission about the fate of the persecuted Jews by the Nazis, because of an alleged anti-Semitism that they identified on the pontiff. However, others authors defend and legitimate him, claiming that Pius XII strictly followed the neutrality of the Vatican, adopting an impartiality posture and prudent reserve to avoid greater evils to the victims. Instead of harsh words condemning the Jew s genocide, he chose to promote the rescue of victims who were preserved from deportation to the extermination camps and sheltered by clerics and religious in several ecclesiastical institutions including the Vatican itself and its extraterritorial properties. As a result, the research allowed us to evaluate the arguments of Pius XII's defenders as the most consistent in face of the available evidences, especially considering the favorable and widely documented statements from contemporary Jewish persons and institutions to the facts in dispute. However, this research also allowed us to notice that there are some gaps to be filled before definitely solve this controversy something that perhaps just becomes viable with the fully opening of the Vatican archives and the archives of the other governments and chancelleries that were involved in this issue / A presente dissertação é um estudo sobre a polêmica estabelecida postumamente a Pio XII, a propósito de suas atitudes em relação aos episódios da Shoah a aniquilação de seis milhões de judeus durante a Segunda Guerra Mundial. A partir de consultas a fontes primárias e a uma bibliografia selecionada a pesquisa procurou acompanhar os fatos e, principalmente, avaliar as alegações contrapostas de vários autores sobre as ações e palavras de Pio XII. Alguns o acusam de silêncio e omissão sobre o destino dos judeus perseguidos pelos nazistas, em virtude de um suposto antissemitismo que identificam no pontífice. Entretanto, outros autores o defendem e justificam alegando que Pio XII procurou observar estritamente a neutralidade do Vaticano adotando uma postura de imparcialidade e reserva prudente para evitar males maiores às vítimas. Ao invés de duras palavras condenando o genocídio dos judeus, ele preferiu patrocinar o salvamento de vítimas que foram preservadas da deportação para os campos de extermínio e abrigadas por clérigos e religiosos em variadas instituições eclesiásticas - inclusive no próprio Vaticano e em suas propriedades extraterritoriais. Como resultado, a pesquisa permitiu-nos avaliar os argumentos dos defensores de Pio XII como os mais consistentes diante das evidências disponíveis, especialmente considerando as declarações favoráveis amplamente documentadas de pessoas e instituições judaicas contemporâneas aos fatos em disputa. No entanto, a pesquisa nos permitiu perceber também a existência de algumas lacunas a serem preenchidas antes de dirimir conclusivamente a controvérsia algo que talvez se torne viável apenas com a abertura completa dos arquivos do Vaticano e de outros governos e chancelarias envolvidos na questão

Afrikaans Deneys Reitz, die derde van president F.W. Reitz se vyf oorlewende seuns, is op 2 April 1882 te midde van die politieke en ekonomiese ontwaking van die Vrystaat in Bloemfontein gebore. Hy het op die ouderdom van 17 by die Boeremagte aangesluit en doen hier die ondervindinge op wat hy later in sy eerste boek, Commando: A Boer journal of the Boer war, weergee. Met die sluit van vrede weier hy om die eed van getrouheid teenoor Brittanje af te lê en wend hom na Madagaskar waar hy onder meer as ‘n transportryer werk. Hy keer in 1903, op aandrang van Isie Smuts, na Suid-Afrika terug, kwalifiseer as ‘n prokureur en open ‘n prokureurspraktyk in die Noordoos-Vrystaatse dorp Heilbron. Gedurende die 1914-rebellie skaar hy homself aan die Botha-Smuts regering se kant en voer hy die Heilbronkommando aan teen die rebelle. Tydens die Eerste Wêreldoorlog sluit hy hom aanvanklik by Botha en Smuts in Duits-Suidwes-Afrika aan en daarna by die Britse leër in Brittanje. Hy spandeer die meeste van die Eerste Wêreldoorlog in die loopgrawe aan die Wesfront in Frankryk en vorder tot die rang van kolonel in bevel van ‘n bataljon van die First Royal Scots Fusiliers. Met sy terugkeer na Suid-Afrika in 1920 wend hy hom tot die politiek en as lid van die Suid-Afrikaanse Party verteenwoordig hy eers Bloemfontein-Suid (1920) en later Port Elizabeth. Vanaf 1929 verteenwoordig hy Barberton. Hy dien aanvanklik in die parlement as Minister van Lande, waar hy onder meer betrokke raak by wetgewing i.v.m. die totstandkoming van die Krugerwildtuin. Hy dien ook as Minister van Lande in die koalisie kabinet van J.B.M. Hertzog (1933) en daarna as Minister van Landbou en Bosbou (1935), Minister van Mynwese (1938), Minister van Naturellesake (1939) en as adjunkpremier in Smuts se Oorlogskabinet (1939-1943). Vir die periode van 1924 tot 1933 dien hy as deel van die amptelike opposisie, terwyl hy hoofsaaklik as ‘n prokureur in Johannesburg werk. In dié periode het hy ook uitgebreide private- en sakereise na onder meer Noord- en Suid-Rhodesië, die Belgiese Kongo en die Kaokoveld in Suidwes-Afrika onderneem. Sy bekendheid het hy grootliks verwerf uit die publikasie van sy herinneringe van die Anglo Boereoorlog, gepubliseer as Commando in 1929. Dit is erken as ‘n boek van uitstaande gehalte en word beskou as ‘n klassieke werk oor die Anglo-Boereoorlog. Die res van sy lewe, vanaf 1902 tot 1940, het hy in die boeke Trekking on en No outspan beskryf. Deneys Reitz was getroud met Leila Agnes Buissine Reitz (13/12/1887 – 29/12/1959). Sy was Suid-Afrika se eerste vroulike parlementslid en het Parktown verteenwoordig. Leila was veral by maatskaplike werk betrokke en het spesifiek op kinders en kindermisdadigers gefokus. Deneys en Leila het twee seuns gehad - Jan en Michael. Weens swak gesondheid word Reitz in 1943 as Hoë Kommissaris in Londen aangestel, waar hy in 1944 sterf. English Deneys Reitz, the third of president F.W. Reitz’s five living sons, was born in Bloemfontein on 2 April 1882 during the political and economical awakening of the Orange Free State. As a boy of seventeen he joined the Boer forces in the Anglo-Boer War, gaining the experience he set down in his first book, Commando: A Boer journal of the Boer war. After the peace he was an irreconcilable and lived as a transport rider in Madagascar, returning to South Africa in 1903 after prompting by Isie Smuts. He qualified as an attorney and practiced in the town of Heilbron in the north-east Free State. During the 1914 rebellion he commanded the Heilbron Commando against the rebels in support of the Botha-Smuts government. During World War I he first joined Botha and Smuts in German South West Africa and then in German East Africa, where after he enlisted with the British Army. He spent most of the First World War in the trenches in France, where he rose to command a battalion of the First Royal Scots Fusiliers. Upon his return to South Africa he entered Parliament in 1920 as a member of the South African Party, representing first Bloemfontein South (1920) and later Port Elizabeth. He represented Barberton from 1929. He initially held the portfolios of Lands (1923-24), becoming involved in developing legislation for the establishment of the Kruger National Park. He also served as Minister of Lands in the coalition government of J.B.M. Hertzog (1933), Minister of Agriculture and Forestry (1935), Minister of Mines (1938), Minister of Native Affairs (1939) and as deputy premier in Smuts’ War Cabinet (1939-1943). Reitz was a member of the formal opposition from 1924 to 1933, while also working as an attorney in Johannesburg. In this period he travelled extensively in both his private and official capacities to North and South Rhodesia, the Belgian Congo and the Kaokoveld in South West Africa. His real claim to fame, however, arises from his memoirs of the Anglo-Boer War, which he published under the title of Commando in 1929. This was immediately recognised as a work of outstanding quality and has become a South African classic on the Anglo Boer War. Later he wrote Trekking on and No outspan, continuing the story of his career. Deneys Reitz was married to Leila Agnes Buissine Reitz (13/12/1887 – 29/12/1959), the first South African women elected to parliament. She was member for Parktown. Leila, who was involved in welfare work, focused on children and delinquents. Deneys and Leila had two sons of their own - Jan en Michael. Due to ill health Reitz was appointed Union High Commissioner in London in 1943, where he later passed away. / Thesis (DPhil)--University of Pretoria, 2009. / Historical and Heritage Studies / unrestricted