Many historians have presented the narrative of Canada’s Second World War experience as a “good” war. Individuals and communities came together in patriotism and a common purpose to furnish the national war effort with military manpower, labour, financial contributions, and voluntary efforts. As the dark years of the Great Depression gave way to unprecedented levels of industrial and economic growth, falling unemployment rates, increased urbanization, and a wealth of social programs, Canada’s future was bright. However, this optimistic picture is not representative of Canada as a whole. Some regions fared better than others, and industrial Cape Breton was one of those that benefited the least from the opportunities presented by the war. Glace Bay, Cape Breton’s largest mining town and long-time hotbed of industrial strife and labour radicalism, serves as an ideal case study of the region’s largely unprofitable and unchanging wartime experience. Long plagued by poverty, poor living conditions, and underdeveloped industry, and desperately seeking to break free of its destitution, Glace Bay tried and failed to take advantage of wartime opportunities for industrial diversification and local improvement.

This thesis aims to analyse the architectural production in Turkey during the Second World War period with reference to its socio-political contexts, by examining and scrutinizing an architectural periodical published in this period: Yapi. The conceptual framework of this study about the practical and ideological aspects of the discipline are drawn by considering the developments and dynamics of the early Republican Period. In the first chapter of the study after the introduction, the functions of periodical publications for the cultural atmosphere and the architectural periodicals for the discipline of architecture in particular, are examined in the direction of clarifying the reason of choosing a periodical for an architectural analysis of a specific period. In the following part of this chapter, the early Republican architectural periodicals are introduced together with their reasons of establishment and the architectural conditions of the period. Lastly, the focus of this study, Yapi, is introduced with its identity as a periodical by examining its founders, content and publication quality. In the second chapter, firstly architecture of the country throughout the early Republican period is examined by focusing on the significance and effects of the Second World War on Turkey so as to reveal the existing medium that compelled the architects and intellectuals to reconsider their points of view. The second part of this chapter attempts to make a comparative architectural analysis of the period based on the approaches and articles of Yapi by determining the characteristics and objectives of the periodical and demonstrating the main arguments of the editors and authors on contemporary architectural practice and ideology. In the conclusion part, the outcomes of the analysis of Yapi and its arguments on the architecture and contextual developments of the Second World War period are evaluated in correlation with the meaning and place of these struggles in the contemporary medium of architecture.

This research investigated the national interests of art education in public schools during the period surrounding the Second World War (1941–1946). Art education materials written for students and teachers during these years were examined in this study and provide a look at classroom projects and educational teachings supportive of the war effort. This perspective of promoting nationalism is based on a review of printed art education journals, curriculum guides, and books related to the subject of educational themes in public schools during World War II. These published materials presented a practical way for educators, and in this research, art educators, to build a sense of nationalism throughout the country and for teachers and students to support the war effort from their classrooms. / text

This thesis demonstrates that the Australian Red Cross was embedded with the Australian government, military and civilian ‘home front’ during the Second World War. The legal basis, structure, leadership and administration of the Society were closely integrated with the official war effort of the Australian government and military. The Red Cross societies of other combatant nations were similarly organised to contribute to the logistical firepower of their respective governments and militaries. The Second World War revitalised the Australian Red Cross and caused the Society to forge even stronger links with the Australian government. The Society was integrated as a paramilitary branch of the Australian military forces and provided logistical support to the military in Australia and overseas by means of its Field Force. The pervasive presence of the Red Cross resulted in the embedding of the Society on the Australian civilian ‘home front’. The integration of the Australian Red Cross with the Australian government was for the purpose of supporting the war effort of the Allies in Australia and overseas. (For complete abstract open document)

Thesis (Master').

This thesis is a study of neutrality and collaboration during the Second World War in East Asia. It analyses the relations between China and Portugal during the conflict and the immediate post-war period, with a particular focus on the enclave of Macau, the only foreign-administered territory in China not to be occupied by Japan. It argues that the practice of Portuguese neutrality in East Asia was marked by great ambivalence and used by different actors for their own, often conflicting, ends. In social history terms, Macau was part of the war, with comparable experiences to other cities in China, including a massive refugee influx, as well as everyday experiences of hunger, popular mobilisation for relief, and urban crime. Wartime Macau was marked by multiple layers of collaboration involving Chinese, Portuguese, British, Japanese, and others. This thesis also argues that wartime issues left unsolved had an impact on Sino-Portuguese relations after the war. Its dealings with a small European imperial power reveal China's attempts and difficulties to exercise its regained sovereignty and new international status.

Submitted by ANA KARLA PEREIRA RODRIGUES (anakarla_@hotmail.com) on 2017-09-21T12:49:05Z No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 2642940 bytes, checksum: 9df58430f6375c9fe3a66e5ac99075f8 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-09-21T12:49:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 2642940 bytes, checksum: 9df58430f6375c9fe3a66e5ac99075f8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-06-16 / This paper presents reflections of the “A União” journal’s representations about widespread and intensified patriotic practices in the Paraíba state during the World War II (1939-1945). From the perspective of the New Cultural History, the proposal is to analyze how the Brazilian government, through the newspaper, spread nationalistic practices and disclosed patriotic actions, influencing society to build a sense of “paraibanidade” and therefore a new national ideal, which would be necessary to the state of belligerency. The approach of this research is qualitative, and the methodology used was the analysis of material presented in the papers in the established period, as well as the dialogue with theorists who deal with the issue. To construct a narrative that seeks to contribute to Brazilian historiography of Second World War only became possible by merging the theoretical studies with research in the sources. Concerns about how a patriotic education disseminated in Paraíba, essential point for the war context, and more than that, how the Paraíba population felt the consequences of this catastrophic event in their daily lives, establishing relationships of meaning and strength, make up itself as a challenge and the core for the construction of this historiographical narrative. / Este trabalho traz reflexões acerca das representações do jornal A União, órgão oficial do estado, no que se refere às práticas patrióticas disseminadas e intensificadas no estado da Paraíba, em virtude da Segunda Guerra Mundial (1939-1945). Dentro da perspectiva da Nova História Cultural, a proposta é analisar de que forma o governo brasileiro, através desse periódico, contribuiu para a construção de um sentimento de paraibanidade e em conseguinte, de um novo ideal nacional, que seriam tão necessários para o estado de beligerância. A abordagem desta pesquisa é qualitativa e a metodologia utilizada foi a análise de matérias apresentadas nos jornais no recorte temporal estabelecido, bem como o diálogo com teóricos que tratam da temática. Intercalando os estudos teóricos com a pesquisa nas fontes, tornou-se possível construir uma narrativa que pretende contribuir com a historiografia brasileira da Segunda Guerra Mundial. As inquietações acerca de como foi disseminada uma educação patriótica na Paraíba, essencial para o contexto da guerra, e mais do que isso, de como a população paraibana sentiu os desdobramentos desse evento catastrófico em seu cotidiano, estabelecendo relações de sentido e de resistência, se constituem como grande desafio e o cerne para a construção dessa narrativa historiográfica.

Submitted by VIVIANE HENGLER CORRÊA CHAVES null (viviane.hcc@bol.com.br) on 2016-10-19T15:16:02Z No. of bitstreams: 1 tese_norbert_wiener.pdf: 1686773 bytes, checksum: ca5f2d9e600132270f3a972edb9b0b6a (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Juliano Benedito Ferreira (julianoferreira@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2016-10-25T13:48:26Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 chaves_vhc_dr_rcla.pdf: 1686773 bytes, checksum: ca5f2d9e600132270f3a972edb9b0b6a (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-10-25T13:48:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 chaves_vhc_dr_rcla.pdf: 1686773 bytes, checksum: ca5f2d9e600132270f3a972edb9b0b6a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-09-19 / Esta tese parte do seguinte problema de pesquisa - quais conhecimentos e experiências levaram o matemático Norbert Wiener a desenvolver a sua teoria cibernética e quais as consequências decorrentes desse modo sistêmico de pensamento? Como objetivo geral pretendeu-se elaborar uma reconstituição histórica do surgimento e evolução da Teoria Cibernética, por meio da história de seu idealizador, Norbert Wiener, de modo a compreender as ideias que o levaram à construção de sua teoria. Integra o escopo deste trabalho entender a lógica matemática que levou Wiener a conceber sua teoria cibernética e, também, a sua teoria da comunicação; relacionar os aspectos técnicos e sua abrangência, bem como a problemática, social e científica, que a Cibernética impõe ao mundo contemporâneo. O locus temporal desta pesquisa delimita-se, historicamente, entre 1894 e 1964, anos relativos ao nascimento e morte de Norbert Wiener, respectivamente. Busca-se construir uma história não se atendo somente às obras e documentos de Wiener, os fatos descritos, mas também compreender as relações que se deram por meio dos fatos, suas problematizações e seu contexto histórico. Para tanto, utilizou-se da pesquisa bibliográfica e documental baseada nas obras e documentos de Norbert Wiener. Em síntese, as considerações finais apontam que a cibernética tem como característica fundamental a interdisciplinaridade e abrange todo o campo da teoria do comando, controle e transmissão de informações. Destaca-se, ainda, a influência marcante da trajetória profissional e pessoal de Wiener para o desenvolvimento da sua Teoria Cibernética. / This thesis of the following research problem - what knowledge and experiences have led the mathematician Norbert Wiener to develop their cybernetic theory and what the consequences of systemic way of thinking? As a general objective was intended to establish a historical reconstruction of the emergence and evolution of Cybernetics Theory, through the story of its creator, Norbert Wiener, so as to understand the ideas that led to the construction of his theory. The scope of this paper too search understand the mathematical logic that led Wiener to design their cybernetic theory and also its communication theory; relate the technical aspects and its comprehensiveness as well as the problems, and social science, the cybernetics require the contemporary world. The temporal locus of this research is delimited historically, between 1894 and 1964, years for the birth and death of Norbert Wiener, respectively. Seeks to build a story, not only attend to the works and Wiener documents, the facts described, but also understand the relationships that occurred through the facts, their problematizations and its historical context. For that, we used the bibliographical and documentary research based on the works and documents of Norbert Wiener. In summary, the conclusions point cybernetic has the fundamental characteristic the interdisciplinarity and comprise the entire field of the theory of command, control and transmission of information. It is noteworthy also the strong influence of the personal and professional trajectory of Wiener to the development of its Cybernetics Theory.

Ao longo das duas Guerras Mundiais, observou-se o rompimento da humanidade com as normas de conduta inauguradas pelo Iluminismo, legitimando a violência como algo intrínseco à sociedade moderna. Essa mudança de valores foi acompanhada pelo crescente investimento científico e tecnológico, que atingiu um elevado desenvolvimento durante o século XX e trouxe, como um de seus resultados, os maiores genocídios realizados pelos Estados autoritários em nome de seus interesses políticos e econômicos. A barbárie nos leva a considerar um elemento para a reflexão: as testemunhas. Essas corporificam a necessidade de um resgate da humanização, da retomada dos valores morais perdidos com a banalização da violência. Assim, o testemunho confronta a história e demonstra que o desenvolvimento tecnológico não é sinônimo de desenvolvimento humano. Pelo contrário, permitem questionar a verdadeira intenção das nações que, em busca de hegemonia, destroem maciçamente populações inteiras. Nesse contexto, emergem as seguintes questões: o que é o testemunho e qual a sua importância para a sociedade moderna? O que levou, historicamente, ao surgimento das testemunhas? Qual o contexto histórico que proporcionou o desenvolvimento da bomba atômica? Por que houve a necessidade, por parte das nações em guerra, de exterminarem milhares de pessoas, principalmente civis? Qual a consequência do rompimento das normas de civilidade pelas duas Guerras Mundiais? Para responder a essas perguntas, investigou-se o Museu Memorial da Paz de Hiroshima no que diz respeito a sua exposição permanente, seus objetivos no que se refere à luta contra o esquecimento da catástrofe atômica e à coleta de testemunhos. Após esse primeiro momento da pesquisa, procedeu-se ao estudo do contexto histórico que culminou nas atrocidades cometidas ao longo das duas Grandes Guerras, os resultados dos extermínios em massa para a sociedade moderna e, finalmente, o estudo sobre o trauma e o testemunho em relação aos sobreviventes do bombardeio atômico de Hiroshima / Throughout the two World Wars, a disruption between humankind and the standards of conduct inaugurated by the Enlightenment was observed, legitimizing violence as something intrinsic to modern society. This change in values was followed by the increasing scientific and technological investment, which reached a high development during the twentieth century and brought, as one of its results, the greatest genocides carried out by the authoritarian States on behalf of their political and economic interests. The barbarism leads us to consider an element for reflection: the witnesses. They embody the need for redemption of humanization and the resumption of the moral values, both lost in the trivialization of violence. Thus, the testimony confronts history and shows that technological development is not a synonymous for human development. On the contrary, they allow us to question the true intent of the nations that, in their quest for domination, massively destroy entire populations. In this context, the following questions arise: what is the testimony and what is its importance to modern society? Historically, what had led to the appearance of witnesses? What is the historical context that provided the development of the atomic bomb? Why was there the need, by the nations at war, to exterminate thousands of people, mainly civilians? What is the consequence of breaking the rules of civility by the two World Wars? To answer these questions, the Hiroshima Peace Memorial Museum was investigated regarding its permanent exhibition, its goals regarding the struggle against forgetting the atomic disaster and the gathering of testimonies. After this first stage of the research, it was proceeded the study of the historical context that culminated in the atrocities committed during the two Great Wars, the results for modern society of the mass exterminations and finally, the study of trauma and testimony regarding the survivors of the Hiroshima atomic bombing

De 1993 a 2004, Walter Kempowski publicou uma série em dez volumes intitulada Das Echolot. Ein Kollektives Tagebuch. (A ecossonda. Um diário coletivo) Nessa obra, Kempowski procurou retratar alguns dos episódios principais da Segunda Guerra Mundial através da apresentação de documentos redigidos, em sua grande maioria, na época dos acontecimentos: diários, cartas, memórias, discursos ou programas de rádio. Esses documentos foram ordenados de acordo com o dia no qual foram escritos, compondo um grande diário coletivo que retrata os acontecimentos de uma perspectiva abrangente e multiforme. Nesta tese, o volume Barbarossa 41, que narra a invasão da URSS em 1941, foi tomado como exemplo para questionar o papel do autor nessa montagem monumental de citações que, à primeira vista, parece reduzir-se à organização formal dos documentos. Para analisar a forma como se estabelece o significado dos elementos organizados no livro observou-se 1) a própria estruturação do livro, 2) as citações de algumas das principais personagens, que podem ser consideradas como exemplares e 3) a sequência interna de dois dias completos do diário. As citações das personagens exemplares foram comparadas com os documentos originais de onde foram extraídas, buscando-se identificar as intenções que guiaram o autor na seleção e no recorte dos textos. O resultado dessa pesquisa indica que o papel do autor na constituição do sentido da narrativa nascida da conexão dos fragmentos é decisivo. Com uma outra seleção e um outro recorte, as personagens deixariam uma impressão diferente no leitor. Também foi confirmado que a organização específica do material criou um panorama da Segunda Guerra que se deve às intenções do autor, ainda que esse fato permaneça, em grande parte, despercebido pelo leitor. / From 1993 to 2004, Walter Kempowski published a sequence of ten books named Das Echolot. Ein Kollektives Tagebuch. (The Echo Sounder. A collective diary.) In these books, Kempowski aims to depict main episodes of the Second World War by presenting documents written mostly while the events took place: diaries, letters, memories, speeches or radio programs. Those documents were sorted according to the day they were written, and so they composed a great collective diary which depicts the events in a comprehensive and multifaceted perspective. In this thesis, the volume Barbarossa 41, which narrates the invasion of the USSR in 1941, was taken as an example to question the role of the author in this monumental montage of quotations that, at the first sight, seems to be just a formal organization of documents. In order to determinate how the meaning of the elements organized in the book gets established, the following items were observed: 1) the own structure of the book, 2) the quotations of some of the main figures that can be considered as exemplary and 3) the internal sequence in two whole days of the diary. The quotations of the exemplary characters were compared with the original documents, in order to identify the intentions that guided the author in the selection of the texts and the excerpts that would be published. The result of this research indicates that the role of the author in the constitution of the sense of the narrative which comes from the connection of the fragments is crucial. With another selection of texts and excerpts, the characters would leave a different impression on the reader; it was also confirmed that the specific organization of the material has created a panorama of the Second World War that is due to the intentions of the author, even if this fact remains mostly unnoticed by the reader.