While the majority of the literature on secondary markets for tickets in the entertainment industry focuses on concerts and sporting events, this study aims to shed light specifically on the music festival resale market. Music festivals have risen in prominence in recent years, particularly among millennials, during the time that the internet has dramatically facilitated the resale of tickets through online marketplaces. With many of the top festivals selling out rapidly, a great deal of music fans turn to secondary markets for tickets. However, very little is known about the behavior of secondary markets for music festivals due to information not being readily available to the public. This study uses demand-side data including transaction prices and quantities acquired from one of the largest online secondary ticket marketplaces to examine market behavior. My findings show that on average, prices decline for music festivals as they approach, but that there are years for certain festivals where this isn’t the case. Other results show that markets for festivals with multiple weekends operate differently and that special artist performances such as band reunions can have a significant positive effect on consumer demand. Lastly, the majority of all ticket sales are found to take place in the final 30 days before music festivals transpire.

With the 1980s, as a result of economic and financial deregulation policies, housing finance systems in most countries have had great transformations and have become market-oriented. Recently, in Turkey, a draft law was submitted to the parliament which can be regarded as an attempt to integrate housing finance to capital markets through the establishment of secondary market for housing loans extended by commercial banks. In this thesis, it is aimed to evaluate the role of housing loans extended by commercial banks on housing finance in Turkey, to assess the prospective legal regulation in terms of lenders and borrowers of housing loans and to discuss the anticipated impacts of this scheme to the commercial banks, the housing loans and borrowers within the context of global trends in housing finance. For these purposes, housing files extended by commercial banks have been examined and in-dept interviews have been conducted with interviewees from commercial banks, Capital Market Board and Housing Development Administration. As a result, it is found out that the role of housing loans extended by commercial banks is very limited in housing finance in Turkey and only high income groups can access these loans. Moreover, it is explicit that the housing finance scheme in the draft law is entirely market-oriented and targets the middle and upper income groups. On the other hand, such a policy orientation is quite problematic and paradoxical in that / the housing problem in Turkey is most dramatically felt by the lower middle and low income groups.

This thesis examines the consequences of an increased institutional involvement in the recently emerging lending business known as peer-to-peer lending (P2PL). Since the P2PL business itself is a type of originate-to-distribute (OTD) lending model – in which the originator never carries the risk for the loans – this thesis investigates the effects it can have on the quality of the screening of potential borrowers, and if it could create a misalignment of interests between different stakeholders in the P2PL market. It also examines how the information asymmetry in the screening process is affecting moral hazard behavior and adverse selection problems. From the empirical research – which was gathered from interviews with significant participants in the Swedish P2PL market and the financial market as a whole – the authors find that an increased institutional involvement seems to come hand-in-hand with an increased loan volume, which creates incentives for the P2PL companies to ease their screening of borrowers and thus decreasing the average quality of the loans they originate. Furthermore, it shows evidence of great similarities between the current P2PL market and the sub-prime mortgage market that was the cause of the financial crisis in 2008. By comparing different geographic P2PL markets the thesis is providing the reader with four development phases that the P2PL markets seem to follow.

This paper describes the regulation of radio spectrum transfer for public telecommunications services, as part of the secondary market for spectrum. The legal framework and administrative precedents issued by competent authorities are analyzed. / El presente trabajo describe la regulación de la transferencia de espectro radioeléctrico en el ámbito de los servicios públicos de telecomunicaciones, como parte del mercado secundario de espectro. Se analiza el marco legal y los precedentes administrativos que han emitido las autoridades encargadas de la materia.

Issuing environmentally aligned green bonds has become an increasingly popular way to raise capital for green investments during the last decade. This thesis explores potential pricing differences between green and conventional bonds, known as the green premium, on the Swedish secondary bond market. Prior green bond research is inconclusive regarding the direction, size and even existence of such a premium. By creating a sample of 50 matched pairs of green and conventional bonds, we show an average positive green premium of 10 bps on the Swedish market, indicating that Swedish green bonds trade at higher yields than their conventional counterparts. We also study whether the size of the green premium is affected by credit ratings and third-party green certification but find no evidence of such effects. Overall, the results from this thesis add to current green bond research by showing a positive green premium, but the lack of shown effects from credit ratings and green certification indicate that further study is needed to fully understand the pricing mechanisms of green bonds.

O desenvolvimento tecnológico experimentado nos últimos anos é causa de uma grande transformação no mercado de valores mobiliários. Essa transformação não se restringe aos produtos e instrumentos, cada vez mais sofisticados, mas atinge a própria estrutura de negociação. Assim, testemunhamos o abandono dos pregões viva-voz e o surgimento de sistemas de negociação eletrônica, que aumentaram a velocidade das transações e mudaram a forma de acesso ao mercado secundário de valores mobiliários. O presente trabalho aborda essa questão com foco na atividade de intermediação, procurando demonstrar como essa atividade é afetada pelo acesso eletrônico ao mercado, inclusive pela disciplina regulatória que tal forma de acesso impõe. / Technological development experienced in recent years is causing a major transformation in the securities market. This transformation is not restricted to products and financial instruments, more and more sophisticated, but reaches the very structure of trading. Thus, we witness the abandonment of open outcry system and the emergence of electronic trading systems, which increased trading speed and changed the access to secondary market securities. This paper addresses this issue with a focus on the intermediation activity, seeking to demonstrate how this activity is affected by direct electronic access, including the regulatory discipline that such form of access imposes.

This article describes the creation and operation of a market that has been functioning since very recently in the country. It shows the stages for the implementation of this market, which begins with bilateral agreements to sell natural gas and transportation capacity between the actors involved, and later gives way to day-to-day electronic auctions. Additionally, this article shows the main contractual provisions which are often incorporated into bilateral agreements for the transference of transportation capacity. Finally, two important deficiencies that appeared in these years of operation will be analyzed, such as the restrictionon the transference of volumes of natural gas, and the exclusion from this market of capacity surpluses of the service of distribution of natural gas through pipelines that is contracted by consumers. / El presente artículo describe la creación y funcionamiento de un mercado que viene funcionando hace muy poco tiempo en el país. A través de este artículo se podrá conocer las etapas para la implementación de este mercado que se inicia con acuerdos bilaterales de venta de gas natural y capacidad de transporte entre los agentes participantes, para posteriormente dar paso a las subastas electrónicas del día a día. Asimismo, se conocerá las principales disposiciones contractuales que suelen incorporarse en los acuerdos bilaterales de transferencia de capacidad de transporte. Finalmente, se analizarán dos deficiencias importantes ocurridas en estos años de funcionamiento, como son la restricción para la transferencia de volúmenes de gas natural y la no inclusión en este mercado de excedentes de capacidad del servicio de distribución por redes de ductos contratado por los consumidores.

O aumento da participação dos títulos públicos pré-fixados no total da dívida pública sempre foi um objetivo perseguido pelas autoridades brasileiras. No entanto, isto só foi possível durante os primeiros anos do Plano Real. Muitos trabalhos empíricos foram realizados recentemente com o intuito de testar alguns pressupostos da teoria de leilões, porém, Silva (2002) foi o único trabalho realizado usando o Brasil como exemplo. O presente trabalho utiliza estatísticas mais confiáveis que Silva (2002), além de realizar testes empíricos relacionando o mercado primário de títulos públicos ao mercado secundário. A principal conclusão a que chegamos é que nos leilões de títulos públicos préfixados os pressupostos teóricos não são válidos, podendo ser fruto da pequena liquidez presente no mercado primário. / The increase of the share of fixed-rate bills in the public debt was always a goal to be pursued by the Brazilian authorities; nevertheless, this was only possible during a short period of time in the first years of the Real Plan. Many empirical works were recently elaborated with the intent to test the auction theory hypothesis, but only Silva (2002) used Brazilian data. This present dissertation uses more trustworthy figures than Silva’s work, beyond the realization of empirical tests relating the primary market to the secondary market. The most important contribution is that in the fixed rate Brazilian’s treasury auction, the estimated theoreticians do not function, and this could be due to the primary market’s low liquidity.

Made available in DSpace on 2010-04-20T21:00:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 3 pauloegoncalves.pdf.jpg: 19894 bytes, checksum: aac32a2c332bd28f3dd61f44e54281ec (MD5) pauloegoncalves.pdf: 378018 bytes, checksum: f1e23caa525f3c98db167d58ca96383c (MD5) pauloegoncalves.pdf.txt: 127200 bytes, checksum: 11a85125f53d6afbd6ccef2c1605fc68 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-12-11T00:00:00Z / O objetivo desse trabalho é analisar e precificar o prêmio de liquidez exigido pelos investidores nas negociações de debêntures do mercado secundário brasileiro, com base no yield to maturity diário desses papéis. Os testes econométricos foram realizados com base no modelo apresentado por Houweling, Mentink e Vorst (2005) e aplicado ao mercado de eurobonds nos períodos de 1999 a 2001. Foi implementado um modelo de 5 variáveis para controlar, através de betas e características, os outros tipos de risco determinantes do spread das debêntures que não a liquidez. O conhecido modelo de títulos de renda fixa de dois fatores Fama-French (1993) foi utilizado para controlar os riscos de crédito e de taxas de juros, foram incorporados efeitos marginais, através das características individuais (rating e duration) das debêntures e uma adaptação para as particularidades do mercado brasileiro foi realizada, com a inclusão de um fator baseado na taxa PréxDI da duration dos portfólios. Para esse estudo, foram consideradas 4 proxies de liquidez largamente utilizadas na literatura: Volume de Emissão, Idade da Emissão, Número de Transações no dia e Spread de Compra e Venda, sendo o modelo estimado uma vez para cada proxy analisada. Para realizar os testes de regressão e precificar o prêmio de liquidez no mercado secundário de debêntures do Brasil, todas as variáveis do modelo foram calculadas para cada uma das amostras de dados. Posteriormente, para cada proxy de liquidez foram construídos diariamente portfólios mutuamente excludentes, com as debêntures segregadas em portfólios de acordo com a proxy de liquidez em questão, conforme a metodologia proposta por Brennan e Subrahmanyam (1996). A base de dados, que somou 16.083 amostras, se fundamentou nas cotações de mercado fornecidas diariamente pelo Sistema Nacional de Debêntures no período de Maio de 2004 a Novembro de 2006. A hipótese nula de que não existe prêmio de liquidez embutido nos spreads das debêntures negociadas no mercado secundário brasileiro é rejeitada para todas as proxies analisadas. De acordo com a proxy de liquidez utilizada, o prêmio de liquidez no mercado secundário de debêntures varia de 8 a 30 basis points. / The econometric tests were performed based on a model presented by Houweling, Mentink and Vorst (2005) applied to the Eurobonds market for the years 1999 to 2001. A five-variable model was implemented, using betas and characteristics to control for other sources of risks, determinants of the corporate bonds spread, apart from liquidity. The well-known two-factor bond-market Fama-French (1993) model was used to control for credit risk and interest rate risk, the marginal effects were incorporated through individual corporate bonds characteristics (rating and duration) and a factor based on the Swap PréxDI of the portfolios’ duration was included to adapt the model to the peculiarities of the Brazilian bond market. The work contemplated 4 liquidity proxies, which are largely used in the literature: (i) Issued Amount; (ii) Age; (iii) Daily Number of Transactions; (iv) Bid-Ask Spread and the model was estimated once for each of the proxies. In order to proceed with the regression estimates and to price the liquidity premium in the Brazilian secondary bond market, all of the variables were calculated for each one of the samples. Then, for each of the considered proxies, mutually exclusive portfolios were constructed daily, being the corporate bonds aggregated in portfolios sorted according to the liquidity proxy, based on the methodology proposed by Brennan and Subrahmannyam (1996). The data base, which reached 16.083 samples, is based on the daily quotes provided by Sistema Nacional de Debêntures from May, 2004 to November, 2006. The null hypothesis that the liquidity premium is not priced in the Brazilian secondary bond market is rejected for all the liquidity proxies employed. Depending on the liquidity proxy considered, the liquidity premium in the Brazilian corporate bond market ranges from 8 to 30 basis points.

O desenvolvimento tecnológico experimentado nos últimos anos é causa de uma grande transformação no mercado de valores mobiliários. Essa transformação não se restringe aos produtos e instrumentos, cada vez mais sofisticados, mas atinge a própria estrutura de negociação. Assim, testemunhamos o abandono dos pregões viva-voz e o surgimento de sistemas de negociação eletrônica, que aumentaram a velocidade das transações e mudaram a forma de acesso ao mercado secundário de valores mobiliários. O presente trabalho aborda essa questão com foco na atividade de intermediação, procurando demonstrar como essa atividade é afetada pelo acesso eletrônico ao mercado, inclusive pela disciplina regulatória que tal forma de acesso impõe. / Technological development experienced in recent years is causing a major transformation in the securities market. This transformation is not restricted to products and financial instruments, more and more sophisticated, but reaches the very structure of trading. Thus, we witness the abandonment of open outcry system and the emergence of electronic trading systems, which increased trading speed and changed the access to secondary market securities. This paper addresses this issue with a focus on the intermediation activity, seeking to demonstrate how this activity is affected by direct electronic access, including the regulatory discipline that such form of access imposes.