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The diploma thesis follows historical development of Czech glassmaking, with the emphasis to the era of economic transition and the beginning of the 3rd millenium. Before an own description, the current state of world's glassmaking is analyzed according to the significant producers (EU, USA, Japan and China). The intrduction contains description of glass as material, its processing and glass raw materials. The main part of the thesis is a historical excursion to czech glass industy, and description of its development from 1989 to 2013, where main spatial and structural changes are explained. The prognisis of possible future development and current trends, problems and challenges of czech glassmaking are explained as well.

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The goal of master thesis Afghanistan as an insulator of regional complexes? Sectoral analysis of Afghan security was to analyze security of Afghanistan based on sectors and from the viewpoint of Regional security complex theory developed by Barry Buzan and Ole Wæver. The purpose of the thesis was to review categorization of Afghanistan as an insulator and identify factors which undermine his status as such. Afghanistan's location is very much unique because it lies among three different regional security complexes - Central Asia, The Middle East, and South Asia. The analysis was conducted through combination of a) discourse analysis of statements and speeches of president Ashraf Ghani and CEO Abdullah Abdullah (2014 - ) and added with information from the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and b) material relations in regions, such as trade routes, military aid etc. and c) history. Analysis is based on military, political, and economic sectors. The discursive analysis pays attention to the perception of Afghanistan on itself with focus on institutional discourse and broader debate in the English-speaking afghan media.

Comme une sorte de revers de la médaille, la fin des « Trente Glorieuses » est marquée par la reconnaissance de la problématique environnementale et les crises pétrolières des années 1970. La première grande conférence de l'ONU consacrée à l'environnement humain à Stockholm en 1972 se déroule dans contexte où scientifiques, industriels et politiques s'interrogent sur les modalités permettant de créer un nouveau modèle de société. De la croissance « vertes » en passant par la décroissance, les propositions ne manquent pas. Depuis le Sommet de la Terre de Rio en 1992, c'est du côté du changement technique, de l'innovation et des industriels que tous les regards sont rivés aujourd'hui. Seulement, la doctrine de l'innovation environnementale et les méthodes en matière d'éco-conception restent fragiles.Depuis la Révolution industrielle, le secteur des revêtements de sol résilients, ou souples, accompagne l'évolution des modes de vie au sein des habitations et représente un symbole d'une société de consommation de masse. Aux proies aux controverses, nous nous proposons de décrire comment les industriels de ce secteur gèrent et intègrent la pression environnementale ; et en particulier comment, de fait, mobilisent-ils le processus d'innovation environnementale pour résister à cette pression. / As a kind of a flipside of the coin, the end of the "Thirty Glorious Years" is marked by the recognition of environmental issues and the oil crises of the 1970s The first major UN conference dedicated to the Human Environment in Stockholm 1972 takes place in context where scientists, industrialists and politicians are questioning the methods for creating a new model of society. To The “Green Growth” to “degrowth”, proposals abound since this last decade. Since the Earth Summit in Rio in 1992, technical change, innovation and industry are the center of attention. But the doctrine of environmental innovation and methods for eco-design are still fragile.Since the Industrial Revolution, the sector of resilient floorings follows lifestyles whilst keeping its symbol of a society of mass consumption. Prey to controversies, we propose to describe how the industry manage and integrate environmental pressure; and especially how they mobilized the process of environmental innovation to withstand pressure.

The importance of developing the rural and urban areas in an integrated manner is a fact that can no longer be ignored by not only the proponents of the development planning approach, but by all the governments in the developing world. The long history of separate development has left scars on the planning system in South Africa, and this poses serious challenges to the new democratic state, particularly the local government sphere that has to ensure redress of the previous imbalances and inequalities. Through democratic local governance and active community participation in the development of rural and urban areas, some of the fruit of integrated development planning can be realised. The Tshwane Metropolitan Municipality case study shows that there is an interface between the rural and urban areas. The methodology employed enabled a more comprehensive analysis of the key areas where the rural and urban areas interface as well as the interventions that could foster the interaction between rural and urban areas. Although the development of rural and urban areas should be prioritised, developing the rural areas is perceived to be more urgent due to their history of underdevelopment during the apartheid era. Therefore development initiatives should be guided by the local context as well as the actual needs identified by communities. / Development Studies / M.A. (Development Studies)

隨著生產內容的殊異及分工的日趨細密，當代的經濟活動，已走入一個市場高度分化而生產部門化的階段，我們已無法再以單一的「國家--市場」的模式，來探究政治與經濟的關係。在現實世界中，國家對經濟的管制，是透過政府與市場中各個權力與利益殊異產業部門的互動而完成的，每一個產業部門，基於不同的生產特性、行銷策略、產業結構乃至市場地位，都會形成一個獨特的政策範疇，來規限(或強化)國家機關權力的行使，或對政策工具造成不同程度的扭曲(或擴大)，從而使得政府在面對該產業時，扮演特定的角色及功能。然而在政治經濟學的研究中，我們卻仍傾向從宏觀的角度，以「國家--市場」的二元結構，來試圖賦予政府在整體產業活動中一個一致性的描述，也此造成在解釋及預測上的侷限。在這樣的觀 點下，本研究乃試圖運用「產業管治機制」的概念，來針對台灣的電子工業中的電子零件業、家電業、個人電腦業及積體電路業，進行一跨部門的分析，希望能透過對不同產業部門與政府間互動關係檢視，來對既有的研究途徑進行檢證，並釐清府在產業活動中的實際角色。 / Mordern economic activity is highly differentiation in producing and marketing processes by sectors.We can no longer take an unique "state-market" mode to observe and interpretation the complex relationship between state andmarket.In the real world, any government restrictions on economic activityis in fact an interaction between power of the state and businesses' interest incemtives.In diffenent industry sectors,as they have differentprocuct elements,marketing strategies,industy structures and market status,every industry sectors will have its own significant governance mechanismand policy content.It will restrict (or reinforce) the autonomy and capacityof state and make the government play a specific role in industry activity.Takeing that point of view, in this paper the author take Taiwan's electronicindusty as a subject to proceed a sectoral analysis.After a careful examnation we find that even a strong state as KMT regime in Taiwan,the state didn't always have a highly autonomy and capacity to discipline the businesses.Most of time, state's power is not only restrict by some internal structuralfactors and outside enviorment like some statists have disserted,the nature of different goverance mechanisms have is also an important factor on that.

The importance of developing the rural and urban areas in an integrated manner is a fact that can no longer be ignored by not only the proponents of the development planning approach, but by all the governments in the developing world. The long history of separate development has left scars on the planning system in South Africa, and this poses serious challenges to the new democratic state, particularly the local government sphere that has to ensure redress of the previous imbalances and inequalities. Through democratic local governance and active community participation in the development of rural and urban areas, some of the fruit of integrated development planning can be realised. The Tshwane Metropolitan Municipality case study shows that there is an interface between the rural and urban areas. The methodology employed enabled a more comprehensive analysis of the key areas where the rural and urban areas interface as well as the interventions that could foster the interaction between rural and urban areas. Although the development of rural and urban areas should be prioritised, developing the rural areas is perceived to be more urgent due to their history of underdevelopment during the apartheid era. Therefore development initiatives should be guided by the local context as well as the actual needs identified by communities. / Development Studies / M.A. (Development Studies)