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The feasibility analysis of a prototype seed development projectNkwain Sama, Joseph January 2011 (has links)
Typescript. / Digitized by Kansas Correctional Industries
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A study of the role of the network of formal agreements in development and commercialization of plant biotechnologies in the United States /Penov, Ivan, January 1999 (has links)
Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 1999. / Typescript. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 142-149). Also available on the Internet.
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A study of the role of the network of formal agreements in development and commercialization of plant biotechnologies in the United StatesPenov, Ivan, January 1999 (has links)
Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 1999. / Typescript. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 142-149). Also available on the Internet.
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Quelle organisation globale de l’amélioration des plantes pour favoriser une diversification des cultures ? / How to organize plant breeding to favor crop's diversification ?Parenty, Sébastien 05 November 2018 (has links)
Ce projet s'intéresse à l'innovation dans le secteur des semences de grandes cultures, dans un contexte où il est souhaitable de diversifier la production agricole. Il est aujourd'hui bien reconnu que la diversification des cultures est un levier important pour réussir à désintensifier l'agriculture (i.e. limiter l'usage d'engrais et de pesticides) tout en maintenant un niveau de productivité suffisant. Le succès de cette stratégie dépend, entre autres, de l'effort de recherche réalisé sur chaque espèce. Or, l'agronomie moderne constate sur ce point que le progrès génétique sur les cultures de diversification (ex : pois protéagineux, lupin) est inférieur à celui observé sur les cultures majeures, ce qui constitue un frein important à la diversification.Cette thèse en économie a pour objectif de comprendre les déterminants des investissements en R&D du secteur des semences, et plus particulièrement l'arbitrage entre les investissements réalisés sur les différentes cultures. La littérature en économie industrielle considère quatre déterminants incitant les firmes à investir en R&D : la taille de marché, la concurrence, la capacité d'appropriation et les opportunités technologiques. Nous analysons ici comment ces quatre déterminants sont susceptibles de mener à la création de "marchés orphelins", avec une vue particulière sur le comportement des firmes multi-produits et des coopératives.Cette thèse s'articule autour de 4 chapitres : le chapitre 1 étudie les stratégies en gamme de produits des firmes à travers une analyse empirique du marché français sur les trois années 2001, 2006 et 2011, le chapitre 2 est une modélisation micro-économique du comportement d'une firme, celle-ci pouvant décider d'investir ou non sur deux produits différents, le chapitre 3 se veut une présentation de certains systèmes alternatifs au financement de la R&D, constatés dans différents pays et connues pour leur succès, enfin, le chapitre 4 compare les incitations à l'innovation dans les marchés orphelins lorsque l'offreur est soit une firme maximisant son profit soit une coopérative. / This project focuses on innovation in the seed industry, in a context where it is desirable to diversify agricultural production. It is now well recognized that crop diversification is an important leverage for successfully deintensifying agriculture (i.e. limiting the use of fertilizers and pesticides) while maintaining a sufficient level of productivity. The success of this strategy depends, among other things, on the research effort carried out on each species. However, modern agronomy notes on this point that genetic progress on diversification crops (e.g. protein peas, lupins) is lower than that observed on major crops, which constitutes a major brake on diversification.The aim of this thesis in economics is to understand the drivers of R&D investments in the seed sector, and more particularly the arbitrage between investments made on different crops. The literature in industrial organization considers four determinants that encourage firms to invest in R&D: market size, competition, ownership capacity and technological opportunities. We analyse here how these four determinants are likely to lead to the creation of "orphan markets", with a particular focus on the behaviour of multi-product firms and cooperatives.This thesis is structured around 4 chapters: Chapter 1 examines strategiesin product range of firms through an empirical analysis of the French marketover the three years 2001, 2006 and 2011. Chapter 2 is a modelization ofthe economic behaviour of a firm, which may decide to invest or not on two different products. Chapter 3 presents some of the alternative systems to R&D funding that have been found in different countries and are known to be successful. Finally, Chapter 4 compares incentives for innovation in orphan markets when the supplier is either a profit maximizing firm or a cooperative.
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Seed politics : an exploration of power narratives in the South African seed industrySwanepoel, Stefanie Rae 04 1900 (has links)
Thesis (MPhil)--Stellenbosch University, 2014. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This study (Seed politics: An exploration of power narratives in the South African seed industry)
attempts to unravel the contradictory power relations shaping South Africa’s seed system and to
explore spaces of system intervention that could allow alternate seed systems to emerge. As a
base for the agricultural sector, the seed system plays an important role in determining the type,
quality and cost of seed supplied to the country’s farmers. By extension then, it also partly
determines the type, quality and, to some extent, the cost of food sold to the country’s citizens.
Ownership of seed germplasm, protected through plant breeders’ and intellectual property rights, is
a contentious, current issue. Debate on international and national levels focuses on possible health
issues related to consumption of genetically modified food, ethical considerations around
ownership of plant life, monopolisation of seed markets, and the implications of biodiversity loss for
food security and climate change adaptation. The first article (Contesting the credibility of
consolidation of the South African seed industry) examines how historic and current power
relations (on a global and local level) have shaped the ‘modernistic’ direction of South Africa’s seed
system, which is now dominated by two US-based multinational companies. The contradictions
between this direction and state policy are highlighted, focusing particularly on issues of food
security, biodiversity and climate change. Article 2 (Imagining a sustainable South Africa seed
system) unpacks the assumptions on which the current system is based, in order to provide space
for a new ‘narrative’ around seeds to emerge, motivating for a collaborative ‘imagining’ of a
sustainable seed industry, based on a social learning approach. Points of system intervention are
suggested and expanded on. In both articles, the complexity of seed systems is outlined providing
a framework for understanding the interconnectedness of system elements, intervention points and
potential for non-linearity. The study weaves together theory drawn from a diversity of themes to
expose how the ‘hidden’ faces of power (entrenched in economic hierarchies and institutions)
predetermine the path of the system and whom it benefits and whom it excludes. These themes
include economics of consolidation, innovation theories, patenting issues, South African policy
documents, international treaties and agreements, systems theory and complexity thinking, social
learning, industrial and agro-ecological farming methods, agricultural productivity, and climate
change. The study promotes social learning as a tool that could unlock the potential of the seed
system to contribute to the urgent issues South Africa faces around biodiversity loss, food
insecurity and climate change.
Keywords: seed system, genetically modified and hybrid seed, seed patents, seed innovation,
social learning, systems theory, complexity thinking, consolidation of seed industry. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie studie (Saadpolitiek: ʼn ondersoek van magsnarratiewe in die Suid-Afrikaanse saadbedryf) poog om die teenstrydige magsverhoudinge wat vorm aan die Suid-Afrikaanse saadstelsel gee, uit te pluis en ruimtes van stelsel-intervensie wat die opkoms van afwisselende saadstelsels moontlik kan maak, te ondersoek. As grondslag van die landbousektor speel die saadstelsel ʼn belangrike rol in die bepaling van die soort, gehalte en koste van die saad wat aan die land se boere verskaf word. Dus bepaal dit ook deels die soort, gehalte en, in ʼn sekere mate, die koste van die voedsel wat aan die land se burgers verkoop word. Eienaarskap van saadkiemplasma, wat deur planttelersregte en regte op intellektuele eiendom beskerm word, is ʼn omstrede en aktuele kwessie. Debatvoering op sowel internasionale as nasionale vlak fokus op moontlike gesondheidskwessies wat verband hou met die inname van geneties gemodifiseerde voedsel, etiese oorwegings ten opsigte van eienaarskap van plantlewe, monopolisering van saadmarkte, en die implikasies van die verlies aan biodiversiteit op voedselsekerheid en aanpassing by klimaatsverandering. Die eerste artikel (Betwisting van die geloofwaardigheid van die konsolidering van die Suid-Afrikaanse saadbedryf) ondersoek hoe historiese en huidige magsverhoudinge (op sowel globale as plaaslike vlak) die ‘modernistiese’ rigting van die Suid-Afrikaanse saadstelsel, wat nou deur twee multinasionale maatskappye in VSA-besit oorheers word, gevorm het. Die teenstrydighede tussen hierdie rigting en regeringsbeleid word uitgelig, en daar word in die besonder gefokus op die potensiële invloed op voedselsekerheid, biodiversiteit en die kapasiteit om by klimaatsverandering aan te pas. Artikel 2 (‘n Veronderstelling van ʼn volhoubare Suid-Afrikaanse saadstelsel) ondersoek die aannames waarop die huidige stelsel gegrond is, ten einde plek te maak vir ʼn nuwe ‘narratief’ oor saad, motivering vir ʼn medewerkende ‘veronderstelling’ van ʼn volhoubare saadbedryf, gegrond op ʼn benadering van sosiale leer. Punte van stelsel-intervensie word voorgestel en op uitgebrei. In albei artikels word die kompleksiteit van saadstelsels uitgestippel ten einde ʼn raamwerk te bied waarvolgens die onderlinge verband van stelselelemente, intervensiepunte en die potensiaal vir nie-lineariteit begryp kan word. Die studie verweef teorie vanuit diverse temas ten einde bloot te lê hoe die roete van die stelsel, asook wie daaruit voordeel trek en wie daardeur uitgesluit word, vooraf deur die ‘versteekte’ aangesigte van mag (verskans in ‘stelselgeheue’ en bekragtig deur instansies) bepaal word. Hierdie temas sluit in die ekonomie van konsolidasie, innoveringsteorieë, patentkwessies, Suid-Afrikaanse beleidsdokumente, internasionale verdragte en ooreenkomste, stelselteorie en kompleksiteitsdenke, sosiale leer, industriële en agro-ekologiese boerderymetodes, landbouproduktiwiteit en klimaatsverandering. Die studie bevorder sosiale leer as ʼn hulpmiddel wat die potensiaal vir die saadstelsel om tot die dringende uitdagings vir Suid-Afrika ten opsigte van die verlies aan biodiversiteit, voedselonsekerheid en klimaatsverandering by te dra, kan ontsluit.
Sleutelwoorde: saadstelsel, geneties gemodifiseerde saad, hibriede saad, saadpatente, saad-innovering, sosiale leer, stelselteorie, kompleksiteitsdenke, konsolidasie van saadbedryf.
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A diversidade de mecanismos de governança na multiplicação de sementes de milho híbrido e soja no Brasil.Feltre, Cristiane 22 February 2005 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2005-02-22 / The coexistence of different mechanisms of governance for similar transactions is a
major feature of the seed sector, particularly in the branches of soybeans and hybrid
corn. Also, the procurement of different inputs is governed by similar governance
structures. Both seed sectors are characterized by high investments in research and
development and are subjected to several hazards and uncertainty. One of the main
determinants of competitiveness in this industry is the quality of the inputs that will be
launched in the market. As a consequence, the activities of research, development and
reproduction of seeds are crucial in the competition, requiring need high level of
control. In spite of this, the firms that develop high technology seeds present different
arrangements in the organization of the production of inputs. The reproduction of seeds
requires some mechanisms in order to fully appropriate of the benefits of innovation.
This fact constitutes an important determinant of choice for these different
arrangements. This dissertation aims to analyze the determinants of the boundaries of
the firms, and how the selected governance structures interact with the firm s strategies.
This dissertation also aims to explore the different appropriability mechanisms that are
available to this sector, in each of its main segments hybrid and varieties. The
dissertation uses Transaction Cost Economics, and Dynamic Capabilities as its main
theoretical background. Also, the governance inseparability concept gave support to the
questions associated to contractual relations. The empirical research, focused on large
firms that undertake R&D activities, concludes the factors that influence in the
decisions about the reproduction of seeds are related to transaction cost reasoning, but to
dynamic capabilities and governance inseparability arguments as well. / Há no setor sementeiro, nos segmentos de milho híbrido e soja, a coexistência de
diferentes mecanismos de transação para um mesmo tipo de insumo e a existência de
mecanismos semelhantes para insumos diferentes. Os setores que se caracterizam por
altos investimentos em pesquisa e desenvolvimento, notavelmente, o objeto deste
estudo, o de sementes, estão cercados de riscos e incertezas. Para esta indústria, a
qualidade dos insumos que serão lançados no mercado é um dos principais fatores de
determinação da competitividade da empresa. Assim, as atividades de pesquisa,
desenvolvimento, e reprodução das sementes são vitais no processo de seleção do
mercado. São atividades que, conseqüentemente, exigem elevado nível de controle por
parte dos agentes que venham a desenvolver e comercializar estes insumos. Apesar
destas particularidades, as empresas que desenvolvem sementes de alta tecnologia
apresentam arranjos diferentes na organização da produção de insumos. As sementes
carregam alto conteúdo tecnológico e necessitam de vários artifícios que visem
minimizar as perdas derivadas da reprodução do esforço inovativo, empregado no
desenvolvimento de novos produtos, o que constitui um importante determinante da
escolha por esses diferentes arranjos. A partir destas constatações, este trabalho objetiva
analisar os determinantes das fronteiras das firmas e, a forma com que as estruturas de
governança escolhidas interagem com suas estratégias, pretende também explorar os
diferentes mecanismos de apropriabilidade disponíveis para o setor e a eficácia destes
para os dois segmentos dentro desta indústria híbridos e variedades. A literatura
contemporânea oferece arcabouço amplo para compreender a escolha das relações de
transação, porém pouca atenção é dada à explicação da existência de mecanismos de
troca diferentes para um mesmo tipo de transação. Com o intuito de analisar as relações
de troca entre os agentes da cadeia de sementes serão utilizadas duas abordagens
teóricas, a Economia dos Custos de Transação, e a linha de Competências Dinâmicas.
Além destas duas linhas, a noção de inseparabilidade de governança deu suporte a
questões associadas às relações contratuais. A pesquisa de campo, que privilegiou
empresas de significativa participação na agricultura brasileira e que desenvolvem
atividades de pesquisa e desenvolvimento, permitiu concluir que os fatores que
influenciam as decisões sobre a gestão da atividade de multiplicação de sementes são
diversos e apresentam elementos das duas abordagens estudadas.
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Local resilience, canola cropping, and biodiesel productionBates, Christopher Allen 27 January 2006 (has links)
New technology may have negative, as well as positive, effects on a sociocultural
system. Biodiesel is growing in popularity as a fuel alternative that addresses global
warming and reduces dependency on petroleum. The biodiesel innovation fits well
into the existing behavioral infrastructure of Linn and Benton Counties, Oregon. The
introduction of this technology fuels two community-based biodiesel initiatives: the
Corvallis Biodiesel Cooperative (CBC) and the OSU Biodiesel Initiative (OBI).
However, the increasing demands for biodiesel increases the demand for vegetable oil.
Canola is the most efficient oil producing crop suggested for the southern Willamette
Valley of Oregon. Canola cropping fits into the behavioral infrastructure of local
grass seed growers' tradition. However, canola cropping presents outcrossing risks to
neighboring specialty seed and organic growers. This calls into question the resilience
and sustainability of canola cropping. The decisions made about biodiesel production
and oilseed cropping will impact the future environment, culture, political autonomy,
and sustainability of this local community. The dominant values that serve this community will determine the resilience of culture and identity that is maintained or
emerges in the face of social-ecological challenges and technological innovations.
The research methodology includes interviews, participant observation, and
informational media to triangulate data. These methods serve to inform an integrated
framework of holistic, values analysis, social-ecological, and cultural materialism
theoretical approaches. The holistic approach provides the behavioral components and
the values analysis approach provides the mental components that are integrated into a
cultural materialism framework. These components are evaluated by the social-ecological
approach. Evaluation of the CBC and OBI suggests that values play a
greater role in cultural materialism than previously believed. A new theoretical
perspective emerges to explain resilience and causal effects. The social-ecological
approach, illustrated by panarchy theory, is also integrated into the cultural
materialism approach. The integration of the four theoretical approaches, and the
emergence of a new theoretical perspective, provides a means to explain resilience and
sustainability for the CBC and OBI. This integrated approach also examines three
potential paths of resilience and sustainability for the grass seed, specialty seed, and
organic growing traditions.
Path A predicts long-term resilience and sustainability for grass seed growers and
canola cropping, but collapse for the specialty seed and organic growing traditions.
Path B predicts that a proposed regulated canola cropping compromise will only
prolong the inevitable collapse of the specialty seed and organic growing traditions.
Along both Paths A and B, diversity is lost from the sociocultural system as specialty
seed and organic growing traditions decline. Canola cropping increases the potential
for energy security, but food security is reduced. Path C suggests how to maintain the
current sociocultural system of grass seed, specialty seed, and organic growing
traditions and promote long-term resilience and sustainability. / Graduation date: 2006
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Dependência e monopólio no comércio internacional de sementes transgênicas /Martins, Aline Regina Alves. January 2010 (has links)
Orientador: Reginaldo Carmelo Corrêa de Moraes / Banca: Luis Fernado Ayerbe / Banca: Sebastião Velasco e Cruz / O Programa de Pós-Graduação em Relações Internacionais é instituído em parceria com a Unesp/Unicamp/PUC-SP, em projeto subsidiado pela CAPES, intitulado "Programa San Tiago Dantas" / Resumo: Com a Revolução Científica e Tecnológica (1970), a informação e o conhecimento transformam-se em fontes de maior produtividade e de desenvolvimento socioeconômico. No mundo agrário, os Organismos Geneticamente Modificados, também denominados transgênicos, representam a conformação dessa nova dinâmica tecnológica internacional. Em uma economia diretamente enraizada na produção e uso de conhecimentos, este trabalho prima pela investigação da existência de uma monopolização das técnicas transgênicas por determinadas empresas e países restringindo as possibilidades de concorrência no setor de sementes geneticamente modificadas, o que prejudicaria países menos avançados em biotecnologia agrícola. Em que medida conhecimentos e tecnologias de ponta estão organizados em fluxos globais ou estão inseridos em uma estrutura assimétrica, estabelecendo uma divisão entre os países capazes de participar dos processos de geração de novas tecnologias agrícolas e aqueles que passivamente absorvem conhecimentos advindos do exterior? Como a polarização de conhecimentos e informações estratégicos acarretaria e perpetuaria desigualdades na economia global e quais são os mecanismos jurídicos e políticos que corroborariam essa concentração? / Abstract: In the Scientific-Technical Revolution (1970), information and knowledge are transformed in sources of higher productivity and socioeconomic development. In agriculture, the genetically modified organisms represent the conformation of that new international technological dynamic. In an economy directly rooted in the production and use of knowledge, this research primarily investigates the existence of a monopoly in the field of genetically modified seeds by certain companies and countries, which would undermine less advanced countries in agricultural biotechnology. To what extent are technology and information organized into global flows or in an asymmetric structure establishing a division between countries able to participate in the process of generating new agricultural technologies and those who passively absorb knowledge coming from outside? How the polarization of strategic knowledge and information would result and perpetuate inequalities in the global economy and what legal and political mechanisms support this concentration? / Mestre
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Dependência e monopólio no comércio internacional de sementes transgênicasMartins, Aline Regina Alves [UNESP] 06 April 2010 (has links) (PDF)
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martins_ara_me_mar.pdf: 1727865 bytes, checksum: 41a6e57b4b578aaa8907c747ef4fe13c (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / Com a Revolução Científica e Tecnológica (1970), a informação e o conhecimento transformam-se em fontes de maior produtividade e de desenvolvimento socioeconômico. No mundo agrário, os Organismos Geneticamente Modificados, também denominados transgênicos, representam a conformação dessa nova dinâmica tecnológica internacional. Em uma economia diretamente enraizada na produção e uso de conhecimentos, este trabalho prima pela investigação da existência de uma monopolização das técnicas transgênicas por determinadas empresas e países restringindo as possibilidades de concorrência no setor de sementes geneticamente modificadas, o que prejudicaria países menos avançados em biotecnologia agrícola. Em que medida conhecimentos e tecnologias de ponta estão organizados em fluxos globais ou estão inseridos em uma estrutura assimétrica, estabelecendo uma divisão entre os países capazes de participar dos processos de geração de novas tecnologias agrícolas e aqueles que passivamente absorvem conhecimentos advindos do exterior? Como a polarização de conhecimentos e informações estratégicos acarretaria e perpetuaria desigualdades na economia global e quais são os mecanismos jurídicos e políticos que corroborariam essa concentração? / In the Scientific-Technical Revolution (1970), information and knowledge are transformed in sources of higher productivity and socioeconomic development. In agriculture, the genetically modified organisms represent the conformation of that new international technological dynamic. In an economy directly rooted in the production and use of knowledge, this research primarily investigates the existence of a monopoly in the field of genetically modified seeds by certain companies and countries, which would undermine less advanced countries in agricultural biotechnology. To what extent are technology and information organized into global flows or in an asymmetric structure establishing a division between countries able to participate in the process of generating new agricultural technologies and those who passively absorb knowledge coming from outside? How the polarization of strategic knowledge and information would result and perpetuate inequalities in the global economy and what legal and political mechanisms support this concentration?
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