xviii, 210 p. : ill. (some col.) / The current dissertation investigated segmental and prosodic aspects of first- (L1) and second-language (L2) speech production. Forty Korean-speaking adults and children varying in L2 experience (6 months-inexperienced vs. 6 years-experienced) as well as twenty age-matched native English speaking adults and children participated. Experienced children born in the U.S. were first exposed to English much earlier than inexperienced children. Group differences were investigated for insight into the effect of differing language experience on speech production. For segmental aspects, spectral quality and duration of English and Korean vowels (Chapter II), the effect of English coda consonant voicing on vowel and consonant closure duration (Chapter III), and language-specific voice onset time (VOT) in English and Korean stops (Chapter IV) were examined. All Korean groups except the experienced children differed from the native English speakers in vowel spectral quality and coda voicing production. The experienced children showed native-like production of both English and Korean vowels and also used VOT to distinguish Korean aspirated and English voiceless stops. These results suggest that the experienced children have separate phonological representations for their two languages. For prosodic aspects, stressed and unstressed vowels in English multisyllabic words (Chapter V) and Korean four-syllable phrases (Chapter VI) were elicited. The results of stressed and unstressed vowel production revealed that the Korean adults were able to acquire English prosody in a native-like manner, except for reduced vowel quality. Contrary to the little L1-L2 interaction in prosody for adults, Korean experienced children's production suggested a strong influence of English acquisition on the development of Korean prosody in terms of fundamental frequency, intensity, and duration patterns. Different degrees of L1-L2 interaction between Korean experienced children's production of segments and prosody are discussed from the developmental standpoint of simultaneous bilingual children's language shift from the mother tongue to English. In addition to children's greater plasticity of language acquisition, external (e.g., peer pressure, language input) and internal (e.g., ethnic self-identity) factors are likely to have created a language learning environment different from that of the Korean adults. As a result, the degree and direction of L1-L2 interaction varied by linguistic domains, depending on the age of the learner and the language experience. / Committee in charge: Susan Guion-Anderson, Chairperson; Melissa Redford, Member; Vsevolod Kapatsinski, Member; Kaori Idemaru, Outside Member

Submitted by Emanuel Varela Cardoso (emanuel.varela@ufcg.edu.br) on 2018-11-09T18:09:57Z No. of bitstreams: 1 ANA CLÁUDIA GUEDES DOS SANTOS – DISSERTAÇÃO (PPGMat) 2013.pdf: 24981615 bytes, checksum: d442e8df3b32727e30684e3cbd516a9b (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-11-09T18:09:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ANA CLÁUDIA GUEDES DOS SANTOS – DISSERTAÇÃO (PPGMat) 2013.pdf: 24981615 bytes, checksum: d442e8df3b32727e30684e3cbd516a9b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-08 / Capes / Este trabalho tem como proposta pedagógica apresentar aos alunos o conceito de segmentos comensuráveis e de segmentos incomensuráveis, mostrando a importância desses conceitos para o estudo dos números racionais e irracionais. Veremos um processo de verificação da comensurabilidade de dois segmentos, doravante P.V.C.D.S, que é um processo geométrico de verificação de comensurabilidade de dois segmentos. A partir do P.V.C.D.S, apresentamos a demonstração clássica de que p2 é irracional, com uma abordagem geométrica, mostrando que o segmento do lado de um quadrado de medida 1 e o segmento de sua diagonal são incomensuráveis. Ainda apresentamos um estudo sobre expressões decimais, no qual será apresentado um teorema que nos permite verificar se uma fração irredutível possui representação decimal finita ou infinita e periódica. Também apresentamos outro teorema que nos permite transformar expressões decimais finitas e infinitas e periódicas na sua forma de fração. Por fim, apresentaremos algumas sugestões de atividades, que englobam todo conteúdo do presente TCC. Essas atividades foram aplicadas a uma turma de 1 ano do Ensino Médio de uma escola pública, e as respostas dos alunos estão anexadas ao trabalho. / This work have pedagogical proposed to introduce the concept of commensurable segments and incommensurable segments, showing the importance of these concepts for the study of rational and irrational numbers. We will stabelish a verification process to detect the mensurability of two segments, which is a geometric process. We present the classic demonstration that root of 2 is irrational with a geometric approach, showing that the segment of the side of a square measuring its diagonal are immeasurable. We still will present a study on decimal expressions, and prove a theorem that allows to check that an irreducible fraction has decimal representation finite or infinite and periodic. We also present another theorem that allows us to turn decimal expressions finite or infinite and periodic on its fraction form. Finally we present some suggestions for activities that include all content of the TCC. These activities have been applied to a class of 1st year of high school at a public school, and the students’ answers are attached to the work.

Purpose: Since the perception of what characterizes a modern building changes with time, it’s important for companies in the housing business to be updated on how the market and customer preferences change. For companies, with long-run standardized production systems, to not lose market shares as a result of the inability to change the exterior appearance of the product a new building should be produced to meet the customers’ requirements. The aim of the study is to create an aesthetically modernized building and study how it changes the production process and affect the cost of production. Method: The methods used in the study consist of qualitative data collection in the form of in-depth analyzes of literature studies, semi-structured interviews and collection of documents. Through the use of these methods a theoretical background and empirical data have been compiled into a result. Findings: The elements that are considered as modern according to literature and customer preferences are horizontal panels, well thought out window placement with abundant glass surfaces and details that affect the aesthetic appearance. To introduce these elements to production the standard needs to be reviewed and more alternatives added. The findings show that with exterior changes, in regards to modernity, does not increase the cost of production more than that the company, for which the study was conducted, is able to keep the total price lower than competitors. Implications: Higher flexibility in the production process needs to be introduced to meet the demand of the market. The work that’s considered to be flexible today may mean standards tomorrow. The conclusion is that companies should keep their standardized production patterns with elements of flexible work. A more detailed study in a technological solution may be followed by this study. Limitations: The study has been conducted in cooperation with a company in the catalogue home industry where only exterior changes for a single storey house are taken into consideration of the study. A further limitation is that a detailed cost calculation is excluded. Keywords: standardization, prefabrication, construction elements, production systems, customer segments, modernization.

Mémoire numérisé par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal.

Mémoire numérisé par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal.

Title: Joining segments in Czech sentences Author: Bc. Josef Čech Department: Institute of Formal and Applied Linguistics Supervisor: doc. RNDr. Vladislav Kuboň Ph.D. e-mail: vk@ufal.mff.cuni.cz Abstract: This thesis follows up segmentation of complex sentences to linguistic motivated objects - segments - and their mutual relations. These relations can be used for next work with segments. Main purpose for mapping relations is their joining into next level unit - clause. Theoretically should be possible to analyse each clause of complex sentence separately. Analysis of set of clauses should be quicker than of analysis whole complex sentence. Segments should be found thanks to linguistic separators and rule approach. Rule approach proves in problem relations between neighbouring segments. This thesis should attest that rule approach is best solution for joining segments into clauses. Position tag of segment was part of this thesis. This tag should be used in methods dealing with segments instead of custom segment. Keyword: segment, clause, tag, joining segments, syntactic analysis

Title: Joining segments in Czech sentences Author: Bc. Josef Čech Department: Institute of Formal and Applied Linguistics Supervisor: doc. RNDr. Vladislav Kuboň Ph.D. e-mail: vk@ufal.mff.cuni.cz Abstract: This thesis follows up segmentation of complex sentences to linguistic motivated objects - segments - and their mutual relations. These relations can be used for next work with segments. Main purpose for mapping relations is their joining into next level unit - clause. Theoretically should be possible to analyze each clause of complex sentence separately. Analysis of set of clauses should be quicker than of analysis whole complex sentence. Segments should be found thanks to linguistic separators and rule approach. Rule approach prove in problem relations between neighbouring segments. This thesis should attest that rule approach is best solution for joining segments into clauses. Position tag of segment was part of this thesis. This tag should be used in metods dealing with segments instead of custom segment. Keyword: segment, clause, tag, joinig segments, syntactic analysis

This paper focuses on the practical application of segmentation. It is based on the theory of marketing segmentation and tries to apply it to the case of a company in building industry in the Slovak market. It analyses secondary data available from the company and primary data obtained from questionnaires. The paper determinates and identifies the existing market segments.

O presente estudo investigou o efeito de diferentes intensidades do treinamento de força (TF), aplicadas com volume total de treino (VTT) equalizado, nos ganhos de força dinâmica máxima (1RM) e massa muscular dos membros superiores e inferiores. Trinta voluntários do sexo masculino, com idade entre 18 e 30 anos, participaram de 12 semanas de TF com uma frequência semanal de duas sessões. Foi utilizado um protocolo de treinamento unilateral com um dos lados do corpo realizando o exercício com intensidade equivalente a 20% 1RM (G20) e o lado contralateral utilizando uma das três intensidades 40%, 60% ou 80% 1RM (G40, G60 e G80, respectivamente). O grupo G20 realizava três séries compostas de repetições até a falha concêntrica e o VTT era calculado e replicado para os demais grupos. A força dinâmica máxima e a área de secção transversa (AST) dos músculos flexores do cotovelo e do vasto lateral foram avaliadas nos momentos pré, 6 semanas e pós-treinamento. Os resultados demonstraram que os grupos G40, G60 e G80 apresentaram ganhos similares de AST (25%, 25,1% e 25%, flexores do cotovelo e 20,5%, 20,4% e 19,5% vasto lateral, respectivamente, p<0,05). Somente o grupo G80 demonstrou diferença significante com o grupo G20 na comparação do período pós-treinamento (25% e 14,4%, respectivamente para os flexores do cotovelo e 19,5% e 7,9%, respectivamente para vasto lateral, p<0,05). Para os ganhos de 1RM o grupo G80 demonstrou maiores aumentos após 12 semanas de TF para a flexão unilateral do cotovelo na posição em pé (54,2% p<0,05) e para o leg press 45º os grupos G60 e G80 demonstraram os maiores aumentos (55,4% e 45,7%, respectivamente, p<0,05). Assim, quando o VTT foi equalizado entre diferentes intensidades (40, 60 e 80% 1RM) os ganhos da AST tanto dos flexores do cotovelo quanto o vasto lateral foram semelhantes e a intensidade de 20% 1RM não causou aumento significante da AST. No que diz respeito a força muscular as intensidades mais elevadas (60% e 80% 1RM) foram superiores em promover ganhos de força do que as demais intensidades utilizadas. Esses dados sugerem que ao equalizar o VTT os ganhos de massa muscular são semelhantes para as intensidades de treinamento entre 40- 80% 1RM. Além disso, a intensidade de 20% 1RM, mesmo com o VTT equalizado com as intensidades maiores, não promove aumentos de massa muscular para ambos os segmentos corporais. Por outro lado, intensidades altas de treinamento produzem os maiores ganhos de força máxima em membros superiores e inferiores / The present study investigated the effect of different resistance training (RT) intensities, with equal total training volume (TTV), on maximal dynamic strength (1RM) and upper and lower limbs muscle cross sectional area (CSA). Thirty men engaged in a twice a week training period for 12 weeks. The study was carried out with a within subject design. Thus, one leg and one arm were set at 20% 1RM (G20) for all subjects and the contralateral side was randomly assigned to one of three possible groups (i.e. G40, G60 and G80, 40%, 60% and 80% 1RM, respectively). The leg and arm that were set at 20% 1RM always started the resistance training session and performed 3 sets to concentric muscle failure. TTV (sets x repetition x mass) was recorded and replicated to other groups. The maximal dynamic strength and elbow flexors and vastus lateralis CSA were assessed at pre, 6 weeks and post intervention. The main results showed similar increases in CSA for G40, G60 and G80 groups (25%, 25,1% and 25%, elbow flexors and 20,5%, 20,4% and 19,5% vastus lateralis, respectively, p<0,05). Only the G80 group showed significant difference from G20 group after 12 weeks of resistance training (25% and 14,4%, respectively for elbow flexors and 19,5% and 7,9%, respectively for vastus lateralis, p<0,05). Regarding 1RM the G80 group showed the greatest increase post 12 weeks of resistance training for elbow flexion (54.2% p<0,05) and for leg press 45º the groups G60 and G80 showed the greatest increases (55.4% e 45.7%, respectively, p<0,05). In summary, when different RT intensities (40, 60 and 80% 1RM) performed the same TTV gains of CSA for elbow flexors and vastus lateralis muscles are similar between them and intensities of 20% 1RM did not result a significant increase in CSA. For muscle strength the highest intensities (60% and 80% 1RM) seemed to be superior to promote strength gains than other intensities. These findings indicate that intensities between 40-80% 1RM with equal TTV can elicit significant increase in muscle hypertrophy in upper and lower limbs; however, high intensities are superior to augment strength adaptations in upper and lower limbs

Nesta dissertação entende-se Governança Corporativa como um conjunto de práticas empresariais potencialmente relacionadas com o desempenho operacional e o desempenho frente ao mercado de capitais, seguindo estudos que têm sugerido essa relação. A pesquisa se propôs a investigar, no caso das companhias abertas brasileiras, a significância do pertencimento aos segmentos diferenciados de listagem da Bolsa de Valores do Estado de São Paulo (BM&FBOVESPA) sobre os indicadores de resultado operacional das empresas listadas no Brasil, mais especificamente em relação aos retornos sobre ativos (ROA) e sobre patrimônio líquido (ROE), e a outros indicadores lastreados no lucro antes de juros e impostos (EBIT) e no lucro antes de juros, impostos, depreciação e amortização (EBITDA). Empregaram-se, aqui, métodos quantitativos em um modelo de regressão linear. O trabalho teve como referência principal o artigo de Brown e Caylor (Corporate Governance and Firm Operating Performance, 2009). Os resultados foram mistos e inconclusos em termos de significância, ao modelar ROA, ROE e indicadores baseados em EBIT e EBITDA, contra os segmentos de listagem, mesmo empregando variáveis de controle como o valor de mercado, a razão entre o patrimônio líquido e o valor de mercado, e o endividamento das empresas. Recomenda-se, assim, para estudos futuros, aprofundar a análise e a determinação das variáveis de controle, além de buscar atenuar as limitações devidas à endogeneidade e à causalidade reversa, pelo uso de variáveis instrumentais, e pelo emprego de métodos econométricos mais robustos, como equações estruturais. / In this research, we understand corporate governance as a set of corporate practices potentially related to the operational performance and to the capital market performance of the firm, following several studies that have suggested such a relationship. The research intended to investigate whether there is a significant relationship between the listing in BM&FBOVESPA’s higher corporate governance segments, and the operational indicators of listed Brazilian companies, more specifically, return on assets (ROA) and return on equity (ROE), as well as other earnings before interest and taxes (EBIT) and earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization (EBITDA) related indicators. Quantitative methods – linear regressions – were employed. The main reference for the research was Brown and Caylor’s article (Corporate Governance and Firm Operating Performance, 2009). The results were mixed and not conclusive in terms of significance, when modeling ROA, ROE and the other performance indicators in relation to the listing segments, despite market value, equity divided by market value, and debt to equity ratio as control variables. The study recommends future deeper analyses and selection of control variables, as well as addressing endogeneity and reverse causality limitations through the use of instrumental variables, and more robust econometric models such as structural equations modeling (SEM).