Physical activity in youth has many benefits, but parallel to these benefits, sport related injuries pose considerable risks.  It is important to public health to address sport related injuries, particularly those affecting young people, who comprise the majority of participants in organised sport in Sweden.  The first study in this research showed that inspections of local sport environments, where injuries often occur, did not occur uniformly. Two additional studies pointed out the need for better surveillance of injuries, and described the use of ambulance attendance reports as a possible improvement to current surveillance systems, with a possibility to improve safety for youth and other sport participants. Two other studies identify risk factors that were specific to football and climbing sports, which can be used to guide targeted safety interventions for the young participants of these sports.  The studies, taken as a whole, provide new information about the factors associated with sport related injuries, particularly for young people, and point out the need for better sport injury surveillance, improved inspection strategies for fields maintained by organised sport clubs in local communities, and the need to address risk factors specific to different sport activities.

Background: Wind turbines are a form of renewable energy, which generate electricity from wind energy, a practice dating back over 100 years. More recently, large-scale wind energy developments have started to employ one or several industrial wind turbines, which produce the majority of wind energy in Ontario. The production of electricity from the movement of industrial wind turbine motor blades creates both mechanical and aerodynamic noise. This type of environmental noise is a growing public health concern, especially for residents living close to industrial wind turbines. A body of evidence now exists to suggest that industrial wind turbine noise can impair health and contribute to annoyance and sleep disturbance. However, in Ontario, little is known about how industrial wind turbines impact people living in their vicinity. Objectives: This investigation was a cross-sectional study involving eight Ontario communities that contain greater than ten industrial wind turbines. The objectives of this study were to explore the association between proximity to industrial wind turbines and self-reported health effects, specifically quality of life (both physical and mental health) and sleep disturbance, in residents living close to wind turbines. Dose-response relationships were also explored in an attempt to investigate acceptable exposure levels and appropriate setback distances for industrial wind turbines. Methods: Eight wind farms in Ontario were selected for analysis. For this cross-sectional study, the ???Quality of Life and Renewable Energy Technologies Study??? survey was used to measure the impact of industrial wind turbines on health. Using Canada Post???s Unaddressed Admail Service, surveys were sent to 4,876 residences near industrial wind turbines in these eight communities. Survey responses were sent back to the University of Waterloo and data from the surveys were used for analysis. Descriptive analyses were performed and multiple regression models were run to investigate the effect of the main independent variable of interest (distance to nearest industrial wind turbine) on the various outcome variables. Descriptive statistics, including means and standard deviations were performed on a number of dependent and independent variables including age, sex, time in home, number of industrial wind turbines within 2,000 meters and sleep and health outcomes. Results: In total, 412 surveys were returned (8.45% response rate); 16 of these survey respondents did not provide their home address. Therefore, 396 surveys were included in the analysis. The mean self-reported distances of survey respondents to wind farms was 2,782 meters +-3,950 meters (range: 0.40-55,000 meters). The mean calculated distance from residence to the closest industrial wind turbine was 4,523 meters +-4,420 meters (range: 316-22,661 meters). The difference between the calculated and perceived distance measurements was statistically significant (P<0.001) with survey respondents reporting that they live, on average, 1,741 meters closer to wind farms than they actually do. The relationship between Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and ln(distance) was found to be statistically significant (P=0.01) when controlling for age, gender and county, meaning that as distance increased (move further away from an industrial wind turbine), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index decreased (i.e. sleep improved) in a logarithmic relationship. Among the eight Wind Turbine Syndrome index variables, the relationship between vertigo and ln(distance) was statistically significant (P<0.001) when controlling for age, gender, and county. Additionally, the relationship between tinnitus and ln(distance) approached statistical significance (P=0.08) when controlling for age, gender and county. Both vertigo and tinnitus were worse among participants living closer to industrial wind turbines. Conclusion: Study findings suggest that industrial wind turbines could have an impact on health. Using a sample of rural Ontario residents (although not necessarily representative of the target population), this study explored the quality of life (both physical and mental health) and sleep disturbance of residents living in the vicinity of industrial wind turbines. However, because of study limitations, there are many questions still to be answered before firm conclusions can be drawn. Based on the findings of this study it is recommended that further studies be carried out to examine the effects of low-level stressors, such as industrial wind turbine noise, on health. Specifically, study findings suggest that future research should focus on the effects of industrial wind turbine noise on sleep disturbance and symptoms of inner ear problems. Although the study findings could suggest that there is a possible association between various health outcomes and how far someone lives from an industrial wind turbine, it is important to remember that there are limitations to these conclusions.

nÃo hà / This thesis presents a study on individual values, averages leadership and self-reported performance, promoting interest, raising questions and discussions on organizational behavior of the field with respect to these constructs. The main objective It was to identify the value priorities of the middle leaders and relate them to the professional performance, and the methodological procedure to carry out an exploratory-descriptive study, through the application of a survey, which was scaled using questionnaires: SVS individual values and self-reported performance, both on the Likert scale and deductive logic. The survey was conducted with all individuals who hold positions of medium leaders in a state of Cearà the food industry. Data were collected electronically and analyzed by SPSS software descriptive and statistical factor. The results of value priorities pointed to the motivacionaisBenevolÃncia types associated with compliance, and for those with better self-reported performance combination took different: Grace associated with self-determination. The overall objective was reached because the value priorities of average leaders were identified and related to job performance, checking what motivational types are on top of those with better autoreportado performance. We conclude, therefore, that this trabalhopode contribute with regard to organizational behavior, especially with regard to business management, in addition to emphasizing the importance of the middle leaders in the context of organizational leadership, compreensÃodos its values, its performance and, consequently, motivations / A presente dissertaÃÃo apresenta um estudo sobre valores individuais, mÃdias lideranÃas e desempenho auto-reportado, promovendo interesse, levantando questÃes e discussÃes no campo do comportamento organizacional com relaÃÃo a estes construtos. O objetivo principal deste trabalho foi identificar as prioridades axiolÃgicas das mÃdias lideranÃas e relacionÃ-las ao desempenho profissional, tendo como procedimento metodolÃgico a realizaÃÃo de um estudo exploratÃrio-descritivo, por meio da aplicaÃÃo de uma survey, a qual foi dimensionada utilizando-se os questionÃrios: SVS de valores individuais e desempenho auto-reportado, ambos em escala likert e com lÃgica dedutiva. A pesquisa foi realizada com todos os indivÃduos que ocupam cargos de mÃdias lideranÃas em uma indÃstria de alimentos do estado do CearÃ. Os dados foram coletados por meio eletrÃnico e analisados pelo software SPSS com estatÃstica descritiva e fatorial. Os resultados das prioridades axiolÃgicas apontaram para os tipos motivacionaisBenevolÃncia associado com Conformidade, e para aqueles com melhor desempenho auto-reportado a combinaÃÃo se deu diferente: BenevolÃncia associado com AutodeterminaÃÃo. O objetivo geral do trabalho foi atingido porque as prioridades axiolÃgicas das mÃdias lideranÃas foram identificadas e relacionadas ao desempenho profissional, verificando quais os tipos motivacionais estÃo no topo de quem tem melhor desempenho autoreportado. Conclui-se,portanto, que este trabalhopode contribuir no tocante ao comportamento organizacional, em especial no que tange à gestÃo empresarial, alÃm de ressaltar a importÃncia das mÃdias lideranÃas no contexto da lideranÃa organizacional, da compreensÃodos seus valores, sua performance e, conseqÃentemente, motivaÃÃes.

Introdução: A osteoporose (OP) é doença caracterizada pela fragilidade do osso e, consequentemente, pelo incremento do risco de fraturas. É considerada problema de saúde pública na maioria dos países. Evidências epidemiológicas apontam associação entre variáveis sociodemográficas, variáveis de estilo de vida (como a ingestão de alimentos e de bebidas alcoólicas e hábito de fumar), e indicadores antropométricos (como índice de massa corporal -IMC-) e risco de OP e fraturas osteoporóticas. Objetivo: Estimar a incidência de OP e a prevalência de fraturas referidas, em idosos domiciliados no Município de São Paulo e verificar associação com variáveis sociodemográficas, de estilo de vida, e IMC. Método: analisaram-se dados do Estudo SABE (Saúde, Bem-estar e Envelhecimento) 2000 - 2006, o qual é estudo epidemiológico, longitudinal, de base domiciliar, cuja amostra inicial foi composta por 2143 idosos (&#8805;60 anos), de ambos os sexos, residentes habituais de domicílios urbanos no Município de São Paulo, e selecionados por amostragem probabilística, sendo que 829 idosos (39%) constituíram a amostra de estudo, em 2000, para análise da incidência de OP referida, em 2006, e 1072 idosos (50%) foi a amostra de estudo para análise de prevalência de fraturas após 60 anos referidas, em 2006. Investigou-se a associação entre variáveis sociodemográficas (sexo, grupo etário, vida no campo por 5 anos ou mais durante a infância ou adolescência, escolaridade e etnia), de estilo de vida (ingestão referida de leite e produtos lácteos, ovos e leguminosas, carnes, peixes e aves, frutas e verduras, frequência de ingestão de bebidas alcoólicas, e hábito de fumar); e variável antropométrica (IMC), com relação à referência de OP e fraturas após 60 anos, em 2006. Para verificar associação entre as variáveis categóricas e o desfecho, utilizou-se o teste de Rao & Scott (p<0,05) e a análise de regressão logística univariada (IC95%).O programa Stata, versão 10.1 foi usado para realizar os cálculos estatísticos. Resultados: Houve 114 casos novos de OP referida em 2006, sendo que o coeficiente de incidência (CI) de OP referida foi estimado em 13,93/1000 pessoas-ano (IC95%=11,60 16,87). O CI de OP referida em mulheres foi 22,95/1000 pessoas-ano (IC95%: 19,08 27,87), e 3,34/1000 pessoas-ano (IC95%: 1,85 6,73), em homens.A prevalência de fraturas após os 60 anos referidas foi 17,16%. Sexo feminino (OR= 7,69; p=0,000) e ingestão referida de bebidas alcoólicas < 4 vezes/semana (OR= 2,26; p=0,019), foram fatores de risco para referência de OP. Sexo feminino (OR=2,38;p=0,000), idade avançada (&#8805;75 anos)(OR=1,72; p=0,012), ingestão referida de bebidas alcoólicas < 4 vezes/semana (OR=2,45; p=0,016), referência de OP em 2000 (OR=1,75; p=0,048), e referência de OP em 2006 (OR=2,29; p=0,000), foram fatores de risco para referência de fraturas após 60 anos. Conclusões: sexo feminino, idade avançada foram fatores de risco para OP e fraturas após os 60 anos. Dentre as variáveis modificáveis, a ingestão de bebida alcoólica com frequência &#8805; 4 vezes/semana, esteve negativamente associado à referência de OP e fraturas após 60 anos. / Introduction: Osteoporosis (OP) is a disease characterized by bone fragility and increased risk of fractures. It is considered a public health problem worldwide. Epidemiological studies have found association between sociodemographic, lifestyle and anthropometrical variables and increased risk of OP and osteoporotic fractures. Objetive: To estimate incidence of self-reported OP, in 2006, and prevalence of fractures after the age of 60 year-old, on a sample of elderly individuals from the Município de São Paulo, and verify association between selected variables and outcome. Method: based on data from the SABE Study (health, well-being and aging) 2000 - 2006, which is an epidemiological prospective study of a probabilistic household sample of elderly population ((&#8805; 66 y), of both sexes, from São Paulo City, Brazil. Association between sociodemographic (sex, age, life in rural area for 5 year or more during childhood or adolescence, schooling, and race) lifestyle (reported food intake (milk and dairy products, eggs and legumes, meat, fish and poultry, fruit and vegetables), reported alcoholic beverages intake) and smoking habit; and anthropometrics\' variables, such as body mass index (BMI) and self-reported OP and fractures after the age of 60 year-old, in 2006. Rao & Scott Test was used to verify association between the categorical variables and outcome (p<0,05) as well as simple logistic regression (CI95%). Stata software, version 10.1, was used for statistical calculation. Results: There were 114 new cases of self-reported OP in 2006, and an incidence rate of 13,93/1000 persons-year (IC95%=11,60 - 16,87). In women the incidence rate was 22,95/1000 persons-year (CI95%: 19,08 - 27,87), and in men it was 3,34/1000 persons-year (IC95%: 1,85 - 6,73). Prevalence of self reported fractures after de age of 60 y was estimated in 17,16%. Female sex (OR= 7,69; p=0,000) and frequency of reported alcoholic beverages intake < 4 times/week (OR= 2,26; p=0,019), were risk factors for self-reported OP. Female sex (OR=2,38;p=0,000), advanced age (&#8805;75 y) (OR=1,72; p=0,012), frequency of reported alcoholic beverages intake < 4 times/week (OR=2,45; p=0,016), self-reported OP in 2000 (OR=1,75; p=0,048), and self-reported OP in 2006 (OR=2,29; p=0,000), were risk factors for reporting fractures after the age of 60 years-old Conclusions: female sex, advanced age, were risk factors for reported OP and fractures after 60 y. Among modifiable variables, intake of alcoholic beverages as often as > 4 times/week was negatively associated with reported OP and fractures after the age of 60 y.

Physical education (PE) at school may play an important role in the process of becoming physically active in the adolescence and in developing a physically active lifestyle. The opportunities for teachers to provide positive physical activity experiences to the student population extend regularly over the school terms. For some students, PE can be the only opportunity they have to be physically active. Therefore it is important that the students become motivated to practice physical activity and know the purpose with physical activity. The overall purpose of this dissertation was to investigate the possibilities to motivate youth, 12-16 years old, to practice physical activity and hopefully to stimulate them to continue to be physically active in young adulthood. The sample consisted of 122 Swedish compulsory school students (12-16 years old), 51 girls and 71 boys, who were either physically inactive, physically active but not formal members of sport clubs, or physically active and members of a sport club. They used a self-monitoring instrument to describe their physical activity and we compared their self-reported physical activity with their actual VO2 capacity and physical status. The self-monitoring instrument was further validated against an activity monitor, RT3. The intervention lasted one and a half years, and four to five years later a follow-up study was done. Using a quasi-experimental design, the three groups of participants were compared with youths who did not use the selfmonitoring instrument. The main findings were that the associations between the accelerometer counts and the activities the students recorded in the self-monitoring instrument were high. The participants in Group 1 (physically inactive) continued exercising nearly to the same extent as during the intervention while youths in a matched control group did not develop regular physical activity habits. Concerning Group 2 (exercisers), participants in the intervention group were more physically active both during the intervention and at follow-up, compared with a matched control group of exercisers who did not use the self-monitoring instrument. In Group 3 (sport team members), there was no difference between the intervention group and a matched control group after the intervention or at follow-up. The conclusion of these main findings was that when someone motivates students to continue being physically active and to change their physical activity patterns in a positive direction, the self-monitoring instrument can be a door-opener for youths who are physically inactive or regularly active outside sports clubs.

Background: This study aimed to evaluate physical function, measured with self-reported outcomes and performance-based measures (PBMs), in patients 6-10 months following hip arthroscopy (HA) compared to an asymptomatic control group.   Methods: A cross-sectional comparison (21 patients, 22 controls) based on self-reported outcomes (HAGOS), range of motion (ROM), muscle strength and PBMs (The Y-balance test (cm), medial and lateral triple hop test (cm) and Illinois agility test (s)). Independent sample t test was performed to asses between-group differences.   Results: HA-patients reported significantly worse self-reported outcomes in all HAGOS subscales, greatest difference was in QoL (-37,3 (95% CI -47,9; -26,8) p&lt;0.001). HA-patients also reported significantly lower results (p&lt;0.05) in active and passive flexion (ROM) and external rotation (strength). No significant differences were observed regarding PBMs.   Conclusions: HA-patients reported significantly lower hip function following HA compared with the control group. Lower muscle strength and ROM were observed in patients however, few differences were significant. No significant differences were observed regarding PBMs. This could indicate that physical function is re-established in patients 6-10months after surgery or that tests were not sensitive enough to detect potential remaining functional limitations in this patient group.

Objetivo: Evaluar la asociación entre bruxismo autorreportado y rendimiento académico en estudiantes de una universidad privada de Lima, Perú. Material y Métodos: Un total de 203 estudiantes con edades comprendidas entre 18 a 35 años fueron encuestados en esta investigación. Para la evaluación del bruxismo autoreportado se aplicó el cuestionario ‘Bruxism Assessment Questionnaire’ en su versión en español. Asimismo, el rendimiento académico se evaluó mediante la escala de Índice de Aprobación (IA). Además, se incluyeron otras variables como situación laboral, estrés, ansiedad, entre otros. La asociación de variables se realizó mediante la prueba chi cuadrado y para el análisis crudo y ajustado se utilizó la regresión logística. Resultados: Se encontró una prevalencia de bruxismo de vigilia de 53.20% y de bruxismo de sueño de 36.45%. Se evidenció asociación estadísticamente significativa entre bruxismo de vigilia con estrés y ansiedad, y bruxismo de sueño con ansiedad. Se halló que los estudiantes con rendimiento académico alto (OR=2.36; IC del 95%:1.06-5.23) y rendimiento académico bajo (OR=5.72; IC del 95%:1.28- 25.57) tienen más probabilidades de presentar bruxismo de vigilia que aquellos con rendimiento académico medio. Conclusiones: En el presente estudio se halló asociación estadísticamente significativa entre bruxismo de vigilia autorreportado y rendimiento académico. No obstante, a futuro se sugiere realizar un estudio a los estudiantes con presencia de bruxismo y con un mayor tamaño muestral de participantes con rendimiento académico bajo para afirmar la asociación encontrada entre dichas variables. / Objective: To evaluate the association between self-reported bruxism and academic performance in students at a university in Lima, Peru. Material and Methods: A total of 203 students were evaluated in this study, between the ages of 19 and 35 years. Self-reported bruxism was measured using the Bruxism Assessment Questionnaire. Academic performance was evaluated using the Approval Index Scale. In addition, other variables were included such as employment status, socioeconomic level, stress, anxiety, among others. The association of variables were factored in using the chi-square test and the logistic regression presented the unadjusted and adjusted analisis. Results: The frequency of self-reported awake bruxism and sleep bruxism was 53.20% and 36.45%, respectively. Evidence revealed there was a statistically significant association between awake bruxism with stress and anxiety, and sleep bruxism with anxiety. Students with high academic performance (OR=2.36; IC del 95%:1.06-5.23) and low academic performance (OR=5.72; IC del 95%:1.28-25.57) were found to be more likely to have awake bruxism than those with medium academic performance. Conclusion: This study revealed a statistically significant association between self-reported awake bruxism and academic performance. However, in the future it is suggested to carry out a study with focus only on students with bruxism and with a larger sample of participants with low academic performance to confirm the association found between these variables. / Revisión por pares

Self-reported alcohol use in 500 men (mean age 36 yrs) arrested for driving under the influence (DUI) of intoxicants was examined in relation to MMPI profile patterns identified by multivariate procedures. Although DUI offenders were found to share mild antisocial tendencies, it was possible to isolate profile patterns associated with comparatively higher levels of self-reported drinking. Most pronounced was the relationship between higher levels of estimated average alcohol consumption and patterns in which indices of depression and social deviance were elevated, or the 2-4 2-point code type pattern. Comparisons of prototypic profile patterns derived from samples of DUI offenders, alcoholics, and psychiatric patients revealed limited profile replicability. However, the 2-4 code type pattern was consistently found in samples of DUI offenders and alcoholics, and a single profile pattern indicative of moderate social deviance and impulsivity was common to each sample. (13 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved).

No description available.

The last few years have brought about a series of substantial changes for mobility on two wheels, especially if the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic is considered as a relevant fact for transportation dynamics [1,2]. Social distancing recommendations have promoted the use of individual transportation systems instead of massive transportations means. Consequently, riding a bike for urban trips has become increasingly prevalent in many countries [3-5]. Besides an opportunity to make urban mobility more active and sustainable, this panorama poses the challenge to prevent that, along with its growing use, bicycle crashes ---and their consequences-might continue to increase. In this regard, recent studies have emphasized the role of individual differences and personality-related factors as potential issues influencing both cycling behaviors and traffic crashes suffered while riding [6,7].