Text in English / Two consecutive referrals of early onset (symptom onset at 11 years) anorexia nervosa (restricting sub-type) to an inpatient eating disorders unit in a psychiatric hospital, will be described. Within both cases, there was a history of sequential mother-daughter dieting prior to the daughter's onset of anorexic symptoms. This pattern will be viewed from the perspective of systemic theory, with reference to the cybernetic processes implicated in the onset and maintenance of symptoms. Structural systemic interpretations, in terms of exchangeable senses of self within the mother-daughter pairs, will also be considered. A brief comment will be made about the symmetry which underlies the choreography of anorexia nervosa when viewed from the perspective of communication theory. The implications for intervention will be addressed. In conclusion, the nature of the intergenerational transmission of disordered eating behaviours, will be considered with reference to the nature-nurture debate. / Clinical Psychology / M.A. (Clinical Psychology)

The theme of this master thesis is Instagram - a social networking service and its impact on self-acceptance and self-promoting of teenagers. In the first place, theoretical part aims to describe concepts, that are linked with social networks, such as prosuming, participative culture, and Web 2.0. Furthermore, general approach regarding the impact of social networks on teenagers is introduced. The main subjects of this research are contextualized in the field of social networks. The thesis strives to introduce following topics: the presentation of a distincitve identity on social media, the self-reflection under the influence of the subscribed content, and the marketing exploitation of Instagram influencers. There are three main goals of the dissertation, as stated in a hypothesis part. Firstly, how are the participants of the research influenced by the subscribed content. Secondly, whether is the information stream they are following being reflected in their own Instagram presentation. And finally, what is the impact on the participants of the research in case of advertising activity represented by the Instagram influencers. Qualitative research is focused on girls at the age of sixteen. This is a moderate deflection as the original hypothesis was aiming to involve wider research group of...

This thesis focuses on the topic self-acceptance in order to describe the contemporary place of this phenomenon in the context of well-being. The aim is to extent the knowledge of accepting relationship to the self thanks to comparison with other, relevant concepts. The theoretical part of this work introduces the actual conception of positive psychology, the latest aproaches to well- being and is also about the topic self-system. There are also describe concepts as self-acceptance, self-copassion, internalized shame a dispositional optimism. In the empirical part, there is examined the research hypotheses about existence the relationships between unconditional self- acceptance and other concepts, which are measured by czech translations of these questionnaire methods: Unconditional Self-Acceptance Questionnaire (USAQ), Self-Compassion Scale (SCS-CZ), Internalized Shame Scale (ISS) a Life Orientation Test - Revised (LOT-R). It was conducted on the sample of 215 respondents od czech population. Results show the statistically significant relationship between unconditional self-acceptance and all the other concepts. There was further found high correlation between self-compassion and internalized shame and middle correlation between self-compassion and dispositional optimism. Also statistically...

The current study examined the impact of resilience and self-compassion on the relationship between combat exposure and psychological outcomes, specifically post-traumatic stress and post-traumatic growth. Service members and veterans with combat exposure (N = 143) completed an online survey, through which they were administered a Background Questionnaire, the Combat Exposure Scale, the PTSD Checklist for DSM-5, the Posttraumatic Growth Inventory, the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale, and the Self-Compassion Scale. Results of a path analysis revealed a positive direct effect of combat exposure on post-traumatic stress symptoms and post-traumatic growth and a negative direct effect of self-compassion on post-traumatic stress symptoms. Furthermore, self-compassion moderated the relationship between combat exposure and post-traumatic growth. Implications of these findings and future directions for research are discussed.

The current research study is responding to recent findings wherein, Fischer et al. (2013) report a risk rate based on EAT-26 scores in the range of 9.2% to 10.8% at BYU in comparison to the 15% they found reported in the literature using samples from other college campuses. Risk rates based on BSQ scores were reported in the 27.2% to 31.1% range, which was on par with a risk rate of 28.7% reported at a comparable university (Fischer et al., 2013). Fischer et al. (2013) conclude that while body shape concerns were estimated to be equal to or lower than reports at other universities, the level of eating disorder risk was not what would have been expected based on the estimates of other universities of the correlations normally found between EAT-26 and BSQ scores. This qualitative study investigated the experiences of 14 women who were identified as exhibiting high body shape dissatisfaction as determined by the Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ) and did endorse having disordered eating attitudes or habits as determined by the Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-26). The In-depth interviews and data analysis were conducted using an Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis method and aimed at exploring the experiences of these women and what they believe keeps them healthy. Seven themes emerged from the data: Control, Social, Spiritual, Priorities, Exposure to Information, Avoidance, and Food Relationship. The first four themes were further conceptualized as having both a positive, or protective, impact and a negative, or counterproductive, impact on the participants. These four themes contributed to the participants overall Self-concept. The latter three themes, although likely having the same dual potential conceptualization were less compatible with an overall model despite being themes that were emphasized in the transcripts. The theme Control was further conceptualized to depict how the positive/protective impact functioned through a perception of choice and empowerment and how the negative/counterproductive impact functioned through a perception of no choice and disempowerment. Each of these possibilities yielded two potential outcomes for the participants, (a) enforce desired behaviors; or (b) do not enforce desired behaviors. What appears to be most protective against allowing body dissatisfaction to lead to disordered eating attitudes and behaviors is having a sense of self that is accepted by both oneself and by others. Ultimately, the results are a first step in the exploration of protective factors for women with a risk of developing an eating disorder. The results provide potential implications for future research and hint at potential clinical uses, both of which are discussed.

South Africa has been going through severe social changes over the past two decades. In light of these changes the present study aimed to understand adolescents’ expectations of their personal future. Based on the Theory of Possible Selves (Markus & Nurius, 1986) the present research addressed the overall question whether adolescents’ personal future plans incorporate the views they share about the present and the future of their social context. Social context was not only limited to factors such as gender, ethnicity and school environment, but also included both the daily lived experiences of inequality, as is the case in South Africa, and the projected social context of the future. A total of 631 pupils from four Gauteng high schools took part in this cross sectional study. The results support the hypotheses especially within the possible selves’ domain of academic achievement. The interrelatedness between possible selves and shared beliefs about the future of South Africa could, however, not be demonstrated. / Grow Your Own Timber Programme of the University of South Africa / Psychology / M.A. (Psychology (Research Consultation))

This thesis focuses on the concept of self-compassion - a healthy attitude toward oneself which could be more easily attainable than unconditional self-acceptance and have less downsides than self-esteem. The first part of the thesis offers the most widely used conceptualisation of self-compassion, a comparison between self-compassion, self-esteem and unconditional self-acceptance, a summary of application areas of self-compassion, a list of relevant psychometric tools and a description of the Czech translation of the Self-Compassion Scale (SCS-CZ). The second part of the thesis consists of a quantitative study designed to further assess the construct validity of the SCS-CZ using the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II), the trait form of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI X2) and the Unconditional Positive Self-Regard Scale (UPSRS) and to explore the connection between self-compassion and unconditional positive self-regard. A battery of web-based inventories was administered to a non-clinical sample (n = 415). The SCS-CZ shows a strong negative correlation with the BDI-II and the STAI X2, and a strong positive correlation with the UPSRS. The SCS-CZ is a valid measure of self-compasssion, suitable for comparing groups and population samples. For drawing conclusions about individuals, it is...

We hypothesized that the formation of malevolent introjects undermines the development of self-compassion, which in turn produces greater feelings of shame. We hypothesized that these feelings of shame account for concurrent depressive symptoms in adulthood. To test these hypotheses, we proposed a multiple mediator mediation model in which our independent variable was childhood maltreatment. We modeled child maltreatment as negatively predicting our first mediator, self-compassion, which in turn positively predicted internalized shame. We modeled internalized shame as positively predicting scores on our dependent variable, adult depressive symptoms. Participants were 158 adults fluent in English who were community members and college students living in a southwestern American metroplex. The model accounted for 61.8% of the variance in depressive symptoms in adulthood. A significant indirect effect from child maltreatment passed through both our mediators and ended in depressive symptoms in adulthood. We discuss limitations and theoretical and clinical implications, and future directions.

Объектом исследования явилось отношение к моде. Предметом исследования стало отношение к моде и их связь с личностными особенностями у молодежи. Магистерская диссертация состоит из введения, двух глав, заключения, списка литературы (109 источников) и приложения, включающего в себя бланки применявшихся методик. Объем магистерской диссертации 89 страниц, на которых размещены 10 рисунков и 5 таблиц. Во введении раскрывается актуальность проблемы исследования, разработанность проблематики, ставятся цель и задачи исследования, определяются объект и предмет исследования, формулируются основная и дополнительные гипотезы, указываются методы и эмпирическая база, а также этапы проведения исследования, научная новизна, теоретическая и практическая значимость работы. Первая глава включает в себя обзор иностранной и отечественной литературы по теме отношения к себе и к моде у молодежи. Представлены разделы, посвященные исследованию самоотношения, самоактуализации, юношеского возраста и психологии моды. Выводы по первой главе представляют собой итоги по изучению теоретического материала. Вторая глава посвящена эмпирической части исследования. В ней представлено описание организации и методов проведенного исследования и результатов, полученных по всем использованным методикам: «Методика исследования самоотношения» (тест МИС, опросник МИС) В.В. Столина, С.Р. Пантилеева, «Тест определения уровня самоактуализации личности» (тест САТ) Э. Шострома в модификации Л.Я. Гозмана, «Методика «шкала отношения к моде» (ШОМ) Н.Г. Артемцевой, Т.Н. Грековой. Также в главе представлен корреляционный и факторный анализ результатов исследования. Выводы по главе 2 включают в себя основные результаты эмпирического исследования. В заключении в обобщенном виде изложены результаты теоретической и эмпирической частей работы, а также выводы по выдвинутым гипотезам, обоснована практическая значимость исследования и описаны возможные перспективы дальнейшей разработки данной проблематики. / The object of the study was the attitude to fashion. The subject of the study is the attitude to fashion and their relationship with personality traits among young people. The master's thesis consists of an introduction, two chapters, a conclusion, a list of literature (109 sources) and an appendix, which includes the forms of the applied methodologies. The volume of the master's thesis is 89 pages, on which are placed 10 figures and 5 tables. The introduction reveals the relevance of the research problem, the development of the problematics, the purpose and objectives of the research are set, the object and the subject of research are determined, the basic and additional hypotheses are formulated, the methods and the empirical base are specified, as well as the stages of the research, the scientific novelty, the theoretical and practical significance of the work. The first chapter includes an overview of the domestic and foreign literature on the topic of attitude to oneself and to fashion among young people. The sections devoted to the study of self-attitude, self-actualization, adolescence and fashion psychology are presented. Conclusions on the first chapter are the results of the study of theoretical material. The second chapter is devoted to the empirical part of the study. It provides a description of the organization and methods of the study and the results obtained using all the methods used: Self-attitude research methodology "(MIS test, MIS questionnaire) V.V. Stolin, S.R. Pantileeva, “Test for determining the level of personality self-actualization” (CAT test) by E. Shostrom, modified by L.Ya. Gozman, “Methodology“ scale of attitude to fashion ”(SHOM) N.G. Artemtseva, T.N. Grekova. Also, the chapter presents a comparative, correlation and factor analysis of the results of the study. The findings of Chapter 2 are the main results of the empirical study. In conclusion, brief results of the theoretical and empirical parts of the work are presented, as well as conclusions on the hypotheses. The practical significance of the study is substantiated and possible prospects for further development of the problematics are described.