Submitted by Cássia Santos (cassia.bcufg@gmail.com) on 2017-06-05T10:20:52Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Priscilla Harumi Shiozawa - 2017.pdf: 2645587 bytes, checksum: 30ed5fce749fc60a112a8c763b4a7107 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2017-06-05T10:53:13Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Priscilla Harumi Shiozawa - 2017.pdf: 2645587 bytes, checksum: 30ed5fce749fc60a112a8c763b4a7107 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-05T10:53:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Priscilla Harumi Shiozawa - 2017.pdf: 2645587 bytes, checksum: 30ed5fce749fc60a112a8c763b4a7107 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-04-13 / This present work aims to analyze the contributions of the supervised practice in the formation of music teacher. As the internship curricular component leads the student to experience current social and educational paradigms, this field is regarded as generating knowledge for human development and autonomy achievement. Following this assumption, the questions are directed to reflect about the relationships between the experiences provided by the internship and the pedagogical performance in the various fields of activity. Adopting the case study perspective of analysis, taking specifically the Course of Music-Licenciatura of the Federal University of Goiás, the research has as objectives: a) To analyze the importance of the supervised internship to training Music School and Performing Arts (EMA/UFG); b) To know the Course structure, trying to understand the supervisors roles in the training process; c) To analyze the trainee's performance process, considering the experiences acquired in different spaces: basic education, formal space and alternative space; d) To Identify how the internship experiences contributes to the music teacher's autonomy. The data were collected considering the Pedagogical Project of the Course and the EMAC/UFG Internship Regulations, and through interviews with teachers and academics. The results indicate a possible pedagogical failure that interferes with the classroom experience revealed by the absence of the supervising teacher in the field. The trainees recognize the importance of the experiences that emerge from the practice of the internship, but emphasize that it is necessary to have clearer objectives in relation to the content addressed so that it can bring more meaning to the social environment where they work. On the development of autonomy, both trainees and mentors believe that it does not depend only on one of the involved parties, but on the result of constant dialogue and exchange of experiences in the music teacher’s search for musical and pedagogical knowledge to act in Different contexts. / O presente trabalho se propõe a analisar as contribuições do Estágio Supervisionado na formação do professor de música. Como o componente curricular do estágio leva o discente a vivenciar paradigmas sociais e educacionais da atualidade, vê-se este campo como gerador de conhecimentos para o desenvolvimento humano e conquista da autonomia. A partir desse pressuposto, os questionamentos se dirigem no sentido de refletir sobre as relações entre as experiências proporcionadas pelo estágio e a atuação pedagógica nos diversos campos de atuação. A pesquisa configura-se como um estudo de caso, tomando especificamente o Curso de Música-Licenciatura da Universidade Federal de Goiás, e tem como objetivos: a) Analisar a importância do Estágio Supervisionado para a formação dos professores de Música da Escola de Música e Artes Cênicas (EMAC/UFG); b) Conhecer a estrutura do estágio no referido Curso, buscando compreender as funções desempenhadas pelos Professores Supervisores e Orientadores no processo de formação; c) Analisar o processo de atuação do estagiário, considerando as experiências adquiridas nos diferentes espaços: educação básica/formal, espaço específico de música e espaço alternativo; d) Identificar como as experiências de estágio contribuem para a autonomia do professor de música. Os dados foram coletados considerando o Projeto Pedagógico de Curso e o Regulamento do Estágio da EMAC/UFG, e por meio de entrevistas com professores e acadêmicos. Os resultados indicaram algumas fragilidades no âmbito do estágio supervisionado. Os estagiários reconhecem a importância das experiências que decorrem da prática do estágio, porém ressaltam que é necessário haver objetivos mais claros em relação ao conteúdo abordado para que possa trazer mais significado para o ambiente social onde atuam. Sobre o desenvolvimento da autonomia, tanto estagiários quanto orientadores acreditam que não depende somente de uma das partes envolvidas, mas é resultado do constante diálogo e das trocas de experiências, na busca de um professor de música que tenha conhecimentos musicais e pedagógicos suficientes para atuar em diferentes contextos.

Les sociétés professionnelles, même si elles ne bénéficient pas d'une définition établie sont celles par lesquelles les professionnels libéraux choisissent d'exercer en groupe. Au titre de celles-ci les sociétés civiles professionnelles et les sociétés d'exercice libéral sont de loin les plus répandues. Dans tout exercice d'une profession au moyen d'une structure sociale, existe le risque de voir des intérêts s'affronter, ou survenir des circonstances imprévues. Il faut entendre sous le terme de « départ », plusieurs situations qui représentent des manières intentionnelles ou non de quitter la société. Il peut ainsi s'agir du retrait volontaire de l'associé, de la cession de ses parts, mais également de son exclusion, voire de son décès. S'il convient tout d'abord d'évoquer les différentes hypothèses permettant ou imposant à l'associé de sortir de la structure, il faut également en étudier les conséquences, nécessairement importantes, tant pour l'associé que pour la société. S'agissant de professionnels libéraux, les questions de la responsabilité professionnelle, de l'obligation aux dettes et du non rétablissement sont primordiales. Enfin, il ne faut pas négliger les conséquences fiscales de ce départ, tant pour l'associé sortant que pour la société. La présente étude devrait offrir une utilité pour tous les professionnels libéraux, et plus spécialement ceux du droit, du fait de l'éparpillement actuel des règles juridiques. / "Professional" companies, even if they do not have an accurate definition, are those by which the self-employed professional choose to practice in group. The most widespread are the “sociétés civiles professionnelles” (civil professional companies) and the “sociétés d'exercice liberal” (commercial professional companies). In every professional exercise, by means of a social structure, lies the risk to assist to conflicts between some interests, or the occurrence of unexpected circumstances. By the notion of « exiting », we must include several situations which represent intentional or unintentional ways to leave the company. The voluntary withdrawal of the associate is one of many, such as the transfer of his share and also his possible exclusion or even his death. Considering the various possibilities allowing to the associate to leave the structure, it is as well required to examine the necessarily important consequences, both for the associate and the company. Regarding professional companies, the questions of the professional liability, the obligation to the debts and the non-re-establishment clauses are fundamental. Finally fiscal consequences regarding this kind of departure must not be neglected both for the associate and the company. The present study should be useful for the whole professional corporations and more specifically those of the Law, due to the current dissipation of the legal rules.

Depuis le début des années 2000, la législation française autorise les infirmières libérales à décider quels professionnels prodigueront les soins de continuité de la vie à des personnes dépendantes vivant à domicile. Elles doivent juger si la situation d’une personne relève d’un soin infirmier ou d’une intervention sociale. À partir d’une enquête ethnographique mobilisant des entretiens semi-directifs, des observations de professionnelles en situation de travail, et des écrits professionnels, la thèse analyse en quoi le fait de travailler auprès des personnes dépendantes recompose le métier d’infirmière libérale.Nous contribuons à une sociologie des groupes professionnels à double titre. D’une part, l’étude d’un métier modeste exercé avec un statut libéral nous apprend que le statut apparaît comme un élément essentiel de la professionnalité de ce métier en autorisant (partiellement) les infirmières à autodéterminer le contenu, la finalité et les moyens de leur activité professionnelle. D’autre part, nous montrons que le contexte d’exercice auprès des personnes dépendantes (travailler avec des professionnels du social, dans des domiciles, auprès de personnes avec qui la relation s’envisage sur le long terme) constitue une épreuve de professionnalité pour les infirmières libérales. L’autodétermination du travail infirmier libéral est éprouvée par le jeu interactionnel qui se déroule entre les travailleurs du sanitaire et ceux du social. Entre eux se crée un nouvel espace dans lequel nous observons, entre autres, des échanges de sale boulot, un abandon de modèles de pensée infirmiers au profit de lignes de conduite observées dans le travail social, ou encore une façon toute infirmière de considérer la dépendance, et donc de la définir. Cette thèse montre une dynamique de profession « en situation » qui conduit à une ouverture du métier d’infirmière libérale vers les métiers du social. / Since the early 2000s, French law has allowed self-employed nurses to decide which professionals will dispense continuity of care to dependent persons living at home. They have to decide whether an individual's situation requires nursing care or social intervention. The purpose of this thesis is to analyse how self-employed nurses working with dependent individuals have reconstructed the profession, based on an ethnographic survey involving semi-structured interviews, observations of professionals in the workplace, and professional writings.We have contributed to a sociology of professional groups on two counts. First, studying a modest profession exercised on a self-employed basis tells us that this is an essential element in terms of the professionalism of this profession by (partially) allowing nurses to determine the content, purpose and means of their own professional activity. Second, we will show that the context in which this profession is exercised with dependant individuals (whose working relationship, alongside social professionals, with individuals in the home is deemed "long-term") constitutes a challenge of professionalism for self-employed nurses. Self-employed nurses' self-determination is proven by the interactional relationship between both health care and social workers. A new space is therefore created between them, in which we observe, among other things, discussions on the dirty work, the abandon of nurses' models of thought in favour of the guidelines observed in social work, or even the way nurses consider dependence, and thus define it. This thesis demonstrates the dynamic of a real-life profession which opens up self-employed nurses to social professions.

M.A. (Development Studies) / Informal cross-border trade is one of the viable informal sector activities which had become a key livelihood strategy for many Zimbabweans mainly during the time period of 2007 to 2009, at the height of the economic and political crisis in Zimbabwe. That was a period of intense shortages of basic commodities which have left the country depending mainly on donations and imports from neighbouring countries. The study sought to understand the experiences and coping strategies of Zimbabwean women informal cross-border traders operating between Gwanda/Bulawayo, Zimbabwe and Johannesburg/Gauteng, South Africa. The study followed the whole chain of trade with focus on experiences and coping strategies of traders at the various stages of informal trade. Semi-structured in-depth interviews and life history analysis were conducted with nine women traders and some informal discussions conducted with bus drivers, artists and other suppliers of goods. Observations were also made which included travelling with informal cross-border traders across the border, being with them when they bought their goods, and staying with them at one of the markets in South Africa where they sold curios they brought from Zimbabwe.The study noted that informal cross-border traders were mostly motivated by the desire to support their children and see them through school, including tertiary education. Their motivation was strong enough to keep them determined to stay in business despite the many challenges that they faced. These challenges included xenophobic attacks, police harassment, transport challenges, bad accommodation while away from home, visa challenges and many others. The coping strategies included finding ways of sharing costs, ‘cheating’ the system where some rules and regulations hindered their progress, and creating a strong social support base and connections. It was also noted that changing economic and political environment had direct impacts on the trade and hence flexibility of goods traded and medium of exchange are a crucial character of the trade in unstable environments.

The perception that someone has of an entrepreneurial career ultimately influences his/her decision to pursue such a career path. By investigating employees' perceptions of owning a business, this study provides insights regarding the question of why so few South Africans embark on this path. Entrepreneurship is regarded by many as the solution to South Africa’s employment and economic problems. As such, an understanding of the reason why some people become entrepreneurs and others do not could provide solutions on how to stimulate entrepreneurship among all South Africans, and hopefully increase the levels of entrepreneurship in the country. The purpose of the study was to contribute to the field of entrepreneurship by investigating the perceptions and attitudes that employees have regarding an entrepreneurial career, that is, to ask employees what they think having their own business might be like. By investigating these perceptions, the researcher looked for reasons why many individuals remain in the employment of others rather than embarking on an entrepreneurial career, as well as establishing whether these employees had intentions of starting their own businesses, Therefore the primary objective of this study was twofold, namely to establish the perceptions that employees have regarding self-employment, running their own business or following an entrepreneurial career, and to establish the influence of these perceptions on their entrepreneurial intentions. After conducting a comprehensive literature study and examining the various models of intentions, attitude towards the behaviour was identified as having the strongest influence on entrepreneurial intentions. Attitude towards the behaviour is the extent to which an individual makes a favourable or unfavourable evaluation of the behaviour in question, and additionally is a function of beliefs applicable to the behaviour. Attitude towards the behaviour is closely related to perceived desirability, and “desirability” is a form of value. More specifically, work values have the propensity to significantly predict career choice. For the purpose of this study, the 14 work values identified by Farrington et al. (2011) served as the factors to be investigated in establishing the perceptions of an entrepreneurial career. The independent (work values) and dependent (entrepreneurial intentions) variables investigated in this study were defined and operationalised. Reliable and valid items were sourced from existing studies. Respondents were identified by means of convenience and snowball sampling, and a structured questionnaire was made available to the respondents. The data gathered from the 184 usable questionnaires was subjected to various statistical analyses. The validity and reliability of the measuring instrument were confirmed by means of an exploratory factor analysis and calculating Cronbach-alpha coefficients. Descriptive statistics were calculated to summarise the sample data distribution. Pearson’s moment product correlations were calculated to establish the correlations between the various work values and entrepreneurial intentions. Furthermore, a multiple regression analysis was undertaken to investigate whether relationships existed between the perceptions of an entrepreneurial career in terms of several work values and entrepreneurial intentions. The following work values were identified as influencing the entrepreneurial intentions of employees working in small businesses: - Stimulating; - Stability and advancement; - Flexibility; - Autonomy. The more the work values above were perceived to be experienced when following an entrepreneurial career, the more likely it was that the respondents in this study reported intentions of following such a career. In order to investigate the influence of the various demographic variables on the independent and dependent variables, an Analysis of Variance was performed. In addition, the post-hoc Bonferroni test was done to identify significant differences between the means scores of the various categories within each demographic variable. The practical significance of these differences was assessed by means of calculating Cohen’s d. The results showed a significant positive relationship between the demographic variable Population group and the dependent variable Entrepreneurial v intentions. In addition, relationships were identified between Population group and the intrinsic work values Challenging and Stimulating, the extrinsic-related work values Financial benefit and security and Stability and advancement, and the social-related work value Serving the community. A significant positive relationship was also reported between the demographic variable Entrepreneurial parents and the intrinsic-related work value Stimulating, the extrinsic-related work value Future prospects and the social-related work value Serving the community. The demographic variable Age showed a significant positive relationship with the extrinsic-related work value Financial benefit and security. This study has contributed to the field of entrepreneurship research by focusing on employee perceptions of entrepreneurship, and the influence of these perceptions on their intentions to become entrepreneurs. As far as can be established, no other study has adopted this perspective for understanding entrepreneurial behaviour in South Africa or abroad. Furthermore, no study has specifically focused on investigating entrepreneurial intentions among employees of small businesses.

The thesis is dedicated to the analysis of income taxation of professional sportsmen in the Czech Republic. The theoretical part describes the legal position of a professional sportsman according to lax regulations. The major part of the analysis is focused on personal income tax. The thesis also mentions other taxes which may affect sport activities. The thesis is based on the law valid in the Czech Republic, including the cases law of the Supreme Administrative Court related to the issue of taxation of sportsmen. The practical part compares particular modes of taxation in which the incomes of a professional sportsman may be taxed.

Orientador: Lucila Chebel Labaki / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Civil, Arquitetura e Urbanismo / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-18T17:16:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Rancura_RaquelLeticia_M.pdf: 15771429 bytes, checksum: c88f737c60001f5fae7aa4afcaf3cfe4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / Resumo: Nos últimos anos, o conforto térmico em espaços externos têm sido amplamente pesquisado no Brasil e no exterior. Praças, parques, bosques, ambientes de passagem, ruas, bairros, muitas são as possibilidades. Contudo, as situações encontradas nestes ambientes, quando comparadas com ambientes internos, são bem mais complexas, uma vez que envolvem uma maior variação de fatores ambientais. Há poucos estudos envolvendo trabalhadores em ambientes externos, sendo a maior parte voltados a atividades de lazer. A avaliação de conforto térmico em espaços externos necessita que se leve em consideração a radiação solar, não considerada nos ambientes internos. O fator psicológico relacionado às expectativas geradas pelo ambiente ao ar livre também tem sido amplamente estudado. O objetivo desta pesquisa é analisar as condições de conforto térmico e sua diferente percepção entre trabalhadores e usuários nas feiras livres que acontecem na cidade de Indaiatuba/SP, nos finais de semana. A metodologia constou da medição de parâmetros ambientais e aplicação de questionários junto aos trabalhadores e usuários, para identificar a atividade desenvolvida, a vestimenta, a sensação e satisfação térmica. Os índices aplicados foram o ASV (Action Sensation Vote) e o PET (Phisiological Equivalent Temperature). O ASV é um índice empírico que indica a sensação real de conforto, obtido através de questionário e o PET é um índice amplamente utilizado para espaços externos. Os resultados permitiram correlacionar o ASV ao PET, observando-se divergência entre o conforto calculado e o real. Também a Temperatura Neutra ao Exterior (TNE), foi calculada e analisada. Determinou-se para a mesma um intervalo de conforto, em função da temperatura do ar externo. A análise estatística demonstrou que há diferença significativa na sensação de conforto de usuários e trabalhadores, bem como permitiu um melhor entendimento da TNE / Abstract: In the last years, the thermal comfort in outdoor spaces has been widely researched in Brazil and abroad. Squares, parks, outdoor leisure areas, passageways, streets, neighborhoods, the possibilities are many, however, a comparative study between indoor and outdoor environments is much more complex, due to a greater variation of environmental factors.There are few studies involving workers in outdoor environments, most of them focused on leisure activities. The evaluation of thermal comfort in outdoor spaces requires that solar radiation be taken into account, unlike the study of indoor environments.The psychological factor related to the expectation generated by outdoor environments has also been widely studied. The aim of this research is to analyze the thermal comfort conditions in the open markets in Indaiatuba / SP, on weekends. The methodology consisted of the measurement of environmental parameters and questionnaires applied to the workers and users, in order to identify the activity performed, clothing, thermal sensation and well being. The indexes used were the ASV (Action Sensation Vote) and PET (Physiological Equivalent Temperature). The ASV is an empirical index that indicates a real sense of comfort, and is obtained through a questionnaire. PET is an index widely used for outdoor spaces. The results made it possible to correlate ASV with PET, once the discrepancy between calculated and real comfort were observed. Abroad Neutral Temperature (TNE) was also calculated and analyzed. A range of a comfort zone was determined by taking into account the outside air temperature. Statistical analysis showed that there is significant difference in user's perception of comfort as opposed to workers'. This study allowed for a better understanding of TNE / Mestrado / Arquitetura e Construção / Mestre em Engenharia Civil

This research uses primary cross-sectional non-farm-household data collected from Virginia’s non-metropolitan areas for the 1989 year. The primary objective of this research is to identify the factors that influence the probability of being self-employed. Using an effective sample of 851 household heads, a model consisting of two dichotomous probit equations are specified and developed to determine the statistically significant factors that influence, first, the probability of labor force participation, and then the likelihood of being self-employed. The probit equations are estimated by the maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) procedure, using LIMDEP, an econometrics program. The Statistical Analysis Systems (SAS) is used for descriptive analysis and comparisons. The empirical results reveal that human capital characteristics influence the likelihood of labor force participation. A gender-disaggregated analysis illustrates that presence of pre-schoolers, and an employed spouse all decrease the probability of being in the labor force for women. For men, the variables have an increasing effect. Overall, two key findings emerge from the analysis with respect to identifying the determinants of being self-employed: That human capital investments in the form of education and particularly, labor market experience, play an influential role in determining the probability of being self-employed; and that access to and availability of financial resources, for example unearned income, are important factors in determining an individual’s likelihood of being self-employed. / Master of Science

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This thesis presents a case study of women working in the informal sector in the Warwick Avenue Triangle of Durban. It documents and analyses the ways in which twenty women experience and contribute to recent changes in the urban informal sector. The women in this study are seen as knowledgeable agents who actively participate in their changing social and spatial worlds. In order to do this structuration theory, as a general philosophy of society, has been drawn on and linked to substantiative bodies of theory on the informal sector and feminist theory in geography. Field methods, appropriate to the investigation of meanings the informal sector were employed. The data collected was qualitatively interpreted in the light of the theory. The thesis concludes with a summary of the main findings and suggestions are made for policy and areas of future research on women in the informal sector. / Thesis (M.Soc.Sci.)-University of Natal, Durban, 1993.