Ample evidence suggests that the behaviour of people with low self-esteem (LSEs) can lead to problems in close relationships (Wood, Hogle, & McClellan, 2009). To my knowledge, however, no research has investigated the role that perceptions of close others’ self-esteem play in undermining beneficial relationship processes. In the current paper, I propose that capitalization, a process associated with greater relationship quality (Gable, Reis, Impett, & Asher, 2004), might be hindered by the friends, partners, or family members of LSEs. In studies 1 through 3 I obtain experimental and behavioural evidence that people are reluctant to disclose their positive experiences (i.e., capitalize) when they believe the recipient has low self-esteem. In Study 4, I show the external validity of my findings with couples having real discussions. In Studies 5a and b, I examine mechanism and find that although participants have both self- and other-focused concerns regarding capitalizing with LSEs, their self-focused concerns appear to drive their behaviour. Overall, my research suggests that the perception of others’ self-esteem is a variable that guides behaviour in important social situations.

Although there is a growing body of research in the area of adolescent pregnancy and parenting, relatively little research has addressed the psychological effects of pregnancy on the adolescent. A descriptive correlational study was utilized to examine levels of depressive symptomatology, self-esteem, perceived social support from family and friends, and the relationship among these variables in the pregnant adolescent. A second purpose of the study was to describe characteristics of the pregnant adolescent (age, race or ethnicity and educational level). The theoretical framework for this study was derived from The Conceptual Model of Support During Adolescent Pregnancy. Participants for the study were recruited from two school programs for pregnant adolescents, a physicians office, and a clinic. A convenience sample of 90 single pregnant teens between the ages of 13 to 18 participated in the study. The teens completed a demographic form and four questionnaires: the Reynolds Adolescent Depression Scale, the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, the Perceived Social Support from Family Scale, and the Perceived Social Support from Friends Scale. Demographic data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. A one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was computed to determine the significance between the depression scores and each of the demographic variables. The relationship between the adolescent's total depression score and self-esteem, perceived family support, and perceived peer support were determined by computing Pearson product-moment correlations. Regression analyses were conducted to determine the best linear model to explain the variance in the total depression scores and the combination of the independent variables (self-esteem, perceived social support from family, and perceived social support from friends) in the pregnant adolescent. Thirteen (14%) of the adolescents exceeded the cutoff score of 77. The regression analysis of the RADS-2 score on the predictor variables (self-esteem, perceived support from family, and perceived support from friends) accounts for 56.9% of variance in depression of adolescents during pregnancy. The adolescents in this study who experienced increased self-esteem and perceived support from family and friends had decreased scores on the RADS-2 scale. Increased self-esteem or feelings of self-worth was the most significant variable in this study as a predictor of depressive symptomatology.

The author drew on sociometer theory to propose that self-esteem is attuned to traits that garner others’ acceptance, and the traits that garner acceptance depend on one’s social role. Attunement of self-esteem refers to the linkage, or connection, between self-esteem and specific traits, which may be observed most clearly in the association between self-esteem and specific self-evaluations. In most roles, appearance and popularity determine acceptance, so self-esteem is most attuned to those traits. At the same time, interdependent social roles emphasize the value of communal qualities, so occupants of those roles have self-esteem that is more attuned to communal qualities than is the general norm. To avoid the biases of people's personal theories, attunement of self-esteem to particular traits was assessed indirectly via the correlation between self-esteem and self-ratings (Study 2), with cognitive accessibility measures (Study 3), by observing the responsiveness of people’s self-concepts to social cues about the self (Study 4), and with an experiment involving social decision-making (Study 5). As hypothesized, self-esteem was generally more attuned to appearances than communal qualities, but interdependent social roles predicted heightened attunement of self-esteem to qualities like kindness and understanding.

När en individ känner tillhörighet till en grupp ökar det individens psykiska välbefinnande, bland annat individens självkänsla. Syftet med denna studie var att se om tillhörighet till det svenska samhället ökade individens självkänsla. Därför undersöktes sambandet mellan tillhörighet till det svenska samhället och självkänsla. Deltagarna var 134 vuxenstuderande, varav 57 svenskar och 77 immigranter. Det fanns ett positivt samband mellan tillhörighet och självkänsla, dock var det ingen skillnad mellan svenskar och immigranter. Svenskar skattade högre tillhörighet än immigranter. Kvinnor skattade högre tillhörighet än män, detta kan bero på att män har svårare att anpassa sig än kvinnor enligt Güngör och Bornstein (2009). Det fanns ingen skillnad på självkänsla hos immigranter och svenskar, dock hade männen från båda grupperna högre självkänsla än kvinnorna. Studien visade att individens känsla av tillhörighet till det svenska samhället var relaterat till individens självkänsla. Dock kan man inte utifrån denna studie fastställa om det var individens upplevda tillhörighet till det svenska samhället som påverkade individens självkänsla, eller om det var individens självkänsla som påverkade individens upplevda tillhörighet.

This quantitative study examined the relation between jealousy, self-esteem, gender and relationship status. Data was collected at Växjö University in the autumn of 2009, with two predesigned questionnaires. From the questionnaire Tennessee Self-Concept Scale created by Roid and Fitts (1988) that measures self-worth, the part Physical self was used to measure self-esteem. Jealousy was measured with the Questionnaire on the Affective Relationships designed by Marazziti et al., (2003). 188 male and female students participated of which 169 were used. A significant correlation was found between jealousy and self-esteem, where low self-esteem correlated with higher jealousy. The study rejected the existence of gender differences on jealousy. There was no evidence that individuals who date are more jealous than individuals in a relationship. The result did however showed a significant relation between jealousy and relationship status, where singles were more jealous than individuals in a relationship.

Tidigare forskning har pekat på samband mellan självkänsla och självupplevd stress vid akademiska studier. Hög självkänsla har varit en skyddsfaktor mot stress och medfört ett psykologiskt välbefinnande hos studenter. Det har dock förekommit både kulturella och demografiska skillnader gällande självkänsla och stress. Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka svenska högskolestuderandes demografiska variabler kön, ålder, civilstatus, arbete och barn samt globala självkänsla i relation till upplevd stress. Deltagarna i studien var 111 högskolestudenter vid 2 högskolor i Mellansverige, varav 74 kvinnor. En kvantitativ undersökning genomfördes, där självkänsla och självupplevd stress undersöktes. Rosenbergs Self-Esteem Scale och The Perceived Stress Scale användes som mätinstrument i undersökningen. Resultatet visade på svaga och icke signifikanta samband mellan demografiska variabler och upplevd stress. Resultatet visade ett signifikant negativt samband mellan självkänsla och upplevd stress, men även mellan samtliga prediktorer och upplevd stress. Den enda variabeln av relevans för att undvika stress, visade sig vara självkänslan.

As time goes by, managers realize that exceptional employees are the crucial factors which affect the success or failure of companies. The attitude and feelings of employees are affected by Job Characteristics, and it will further affect the Job Involvement of employees. When employees go into the works which are provided with good job characteristics, managers still need considering the differences between employees. According to some researches, Self-Esteem play an important role in many aspects of employees¡¦ life, so it can be used to measuring the differences between employees. The purposes of the study are to explore the relationship between job characteristics and job involvement, then add self-esteem as a moderator variable to explore the relationship among these variables and make further suggestions to modern companies for arranging job duties and selecting employees. The objects of the study were the Taiwan workers of a case company. The study adopted a convenience sampling method. 200 questionnaires were distributed and resulted in 177 valid responses, comprising the effective return rate of 88.5%. The software SPSS was used for correlation analysis, regression analysis and T test to test the hypothesis. The findings show that there is a significant positive correlation between job characteristics and job involvement, then add self-esteem as a moderator variable to find that there is still a significant positive correlation between job characteristics and job involvement in those workers who are in high level of self-esteem ; on the other hand, there isn¡¦t a positive relationship between job identity, job feedback and job involvement in those workers who are in low level of self-esteem. But there is still a positive relationship between skill variety, job importance, job autonomy, and job involvement.

No description available.

A Study of Interpersonal Relationships, Self-Esteem, and Institutional Attachment Among Elderly Living in Residential Homes Abstract¡G The objective of this thesis is to examine and understand the social differentiations of interpersonal relationships, self-esteem, and institutional attachment of the elderly living in residential homes in terms of demographic variables, socioeconomic backgrounds, and health in order to enhance both theoretical and practical knowledge and ideas for the management of residential homes as well as the global implications for the national welfare policy for older people. In addition, voluntary action to serve for other residents was also included for the analysis in order to examine the impact of such actions and arrangements. It could be requested and arranged by the administrators of the residential homes. The research data are obtained by visiting and interviewing the elderly who live in either one of the two residential homes that both locate in Kaohsiung area. One residential home is supported by city government and the other is run by a private group. The author randomly interviewed more than half of the residential elderly and built 194 cases of data for this research. The analysis results of these data show that most of the elderly had their own socioeconomic backgrounds, health problems and felt strange to each other in the beginning, when they moved in the residential homes. However, with the interaction of the elderly becoming frequent and the socialization progressing, new social living style was rebuilt. The interpersonal relationships, self-esteem, and institutional attachment of the elderly living in residential homes are getting better and better. For the elderly living in residential home, interpersonal relationship, self-esteem and institutional attachment are not dependent on the ages. Well educated people may have the tendency to develop positive interpersonal relationship, especially easier to make friends in some events. Those who are with advantage of socioeconomic backgrounds may also easier enhance interpersonal relationship with others. However, education level and socioeconomic backgrounds are not the necessary conditions for positive interpersonal relationship, self-esteem and institutional attachment, since no coherent effects can be found. Sex and marriage may obviously play some roles in the interpersonal relationship and self-esteem, although their effects are different. Those who have the experience of marriage usually develop better interpersonal relationship and self-esteem than those who don¡¦t. Female elderly seem to have better interpersonal relationship and self-esteem than male elderly. Whether sex and marriage may influence interpersonal relationship, self-esteem and institutional attachment or not is not so clear and is worth studying in future. A constructive finding concluded in this research is that caring for elderly health and voluntary action to serve for other residents play important roles in improving institutional attachment. Although, the health situation of an elderly does not influence his interpersonal relationship with people from outside the residential home or other environments, it has the effect on the interpersonal relationship, self-esteem and institutional attachment inside the residential home, especially making friends in some events. Voluntary action can enhance interpersonal relationship not only inside but also outside the residential home. Hence, To improve interpersonal relationship, self-esteem and institutional attachment, good social welfare policy and efficient management of residential homes are necessary. We should not only take into account the factors such as sex, marriage and socioeconomic backgrounds, but also pay attention to the elderly health and arrangement of the voluntary services. Suggestions of the research: (1) Plan a sound economy and security system for the elderly, such that citizens can have better choice in their early ages. (2) Pay attention to the fairness and efficiency of the public residential homes to fulfill the requirements of social service. (3) The management of the residential homes needs to reform and provides different services. (4) Establish a comprehensive evaluation system for residential homes, based on humanity point of view. (5) Pay attention to sociological support and care for the elderly to help rebuild their self-esteem and self-fulfill. (6) Encourage the elderly to perform voluntary service and help each other. (7) Increase the interaction with people from outside the residential home and bring in resources form neighborhood. (8) Well organize some associations to help the elderly perform proper and interesting activities without spending much energy. (9) Design suitable leisure area and provide interactive space for the elderly.

<p>This quantitative study examined the relation between jealousy, self-esteem, gender and relationship status. Data was collected at Växjö University in the autumn of 2009, with two predesigned questionnaires. From the questionnaire Tennessee Self-Concept Scale created by Roid and Fitts (1988) that measures self-worth, the part <em>Physical self</em> was used to measure self-esteem. Jealousy was measured with the Questionnaire on the Affective Relationships designed by Marazziti et al., (2003). 188 male and female students participated of which 169 were used. A significant correlation was found between jealousy and self-esteem, where low self-esteem correlated with higher jealousy. The study rejected the existence of gender differences on jealousy. There was no evidence that individuals who date are more jealous than individuals in a relationship. The result did however showed a significant relation between jealousy and relationship status, where singles were more jealous than individuals in a relationship.</p>