Multi-proxy approach for the reconstruction of paleo-redox conditions is attempted on a radiocarbon (C-14) dated sediment core near the equatorial Indian Ocean. Based on the behavior and distribution of redox sensitive and productivity proxies, study demonstrates prevalence of anoxic bottom water conditions during LGM due to poorly ventilated bottom waters augmented by high surface productivity resulting in better preservation of organic carbon (OC). During early Holocene, the equatorial Indian Ocean witnessed high sedimentation rates resulting in high organic carbon (OC) with depleted redox sensitive elements thereby causing better preservation of OC. The study underscores poor bottom water ventilation during LGM and preservation of OC as a result of high sedimentation rate in early Holocene.

This master thesis report describes signal processing parameters of electroencephalography (EEG) signals with a significant difference between the signals from the animal model of clinical depression and the non-depressed animal model. The signal from the depressed model had a weaker power in gamma (30 - 80 Hz) than the non-depressed model during awake and it had a stronger power in delta (1.5 - 4 Hz) during sleep. The report describes the process of using visualisation to understand the shape of the signal which helps with interpreting results and helps with the development of parameters. A generic tool for time-frequency analysis was improved to cope with the size of the weeklong EEG dataset. A method for evaluating the quality of how well the EEG parameters are able to separate the strains with as short recordings as possible was developed. This project shows that it is possible to separate an animal model of depression from an animal model of non-depression based on its EEG and that EEG-classifiers may work as indicative classifiers for depression. Not a lot of data is needed. Further studies are needed to verify that the results are not overly sensitive to recording setup and to study to what extent the results are translational. It might be some of the EEG parameters with significant differences described here are limited to describe the difference between the two strains FSL and SD. But the classifiers have reasonable biological explanations that makes them good candidates for being translational EEG-based classifiers for clinical depression.

Government leaders stand to benefit from improved program management capabilities within their organizations. Often, they are faced with crisis situations that require a rapid-fire, precise, effective problem solving process. Some of these programs are more severe or complex than others. With time and certainty of the solution as constraints, efficient program management supporting the Defense Acquisition Life Cycle remains an enigma for organizations at best and a hazard at worst. Program management dealing with crisis problem solving, which is characterized by critical events and high cost, is a real-time process where requirements are identified and resolved to achieve a desired goal, with the path to the goal blocked by known or unknown obstacles. Program management that deals with crisis problem solving situations are plagued by several issues. The crisis situation is likely one not previously encountered; therefore, solutions from past experiences cannot be drawn upon to solve the problem (Heichal, 1992). An individual not experienced or trained often feels the situation is too complex, information is incomplete, time is short, and failure consequences are extreme (Hockey, 1986). Managers who face these dilemmas must have responsive, failure-proof processes in place. This dissertation explores program management as it deals with problem solving processes in time-critical contexts, including task consolidation and resource selection, with the critical objective of improving crisis event management. The intent is to focus on processes that can be improved in crisis problem solving, specifically time needed to execute current problem solving processes, and introduce a kinetic problem solving approach to increase the momentum of implementing the solutions during crisis situations. This flexibility is facilitated by the researcher’s genuine desire to improve the organizational situation (rather than merely study it) and a client’s willingness to share the details of how they will use the technology and lessons learned.

No description available.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / In this thesis, we aim at understanding how the discourse of and in the materiality of cinema works from what we define as (self)visualization of the subject in between places. For such, we ask ourselves about the subject present in the process of movie creation and visualization and try to understand how the relation between subject and process happens. Our research corpus is composed by the movies Maluco de Estrada II - Cultura de BR (2015) and Geração Bendita (1971), with which we performed 3 (three) discourse compositions in order to observe how memory works, through interdiscourse operation, of the paraphrastic process and the movement of subjects in their gestures to signify themselves. Among signifiers that extend to working in different conditions of production, subjects (re)signify themselves and keep the public space as point of conflict in the significant discourse materiality, also a place of sharing of the sensitive (RANCIÈRE, 2005 [2000]). Finally, it is relevant to mention that this study is based on Pêcheux s Discourse Analysis, which considers the conditions of discursivity production and how ideology and the unconscious act as founders for the developed analyses. / Nesta dissertação, visamos a compreender o funcionamento discursivo da e na materialidade fílmica a partir do que definimos como (auto)visualização de sujeito por entre-lugares. Para tanto, perguntamo-nos pelo sujeito presente no processo criação e visualização fílmica e procuramos entender como se dá a relação entre tal sujeito e esse processo. Nosso corpus de pesquisa compreende os filmes Maluco de Estrada II - Cultura de BR (2015) e Geração Bendita (1971), com os quais realizamos três (3) montagens discursivas com vistas a observar o funcionamento da memória, por meio do funcionamento interdiscursivo, do processo parafrástico e do movimento dos sujeitos em seus gestos de se significar. Entre significantes que deslizam para o funcionamento em outras condições de produção, os sujeitos (re)significam-se e fazem com que o espaço público mantenha-se como ponto de conflito na materialidade discursiva significante, lugar também de partilha do sensível (RANCIÈRE, 2005 [2000]). Por fim, cabe destacar que o presente trabalho fundamenta-se a partir da teoria da Análise de Discurso pecheutiana, a qual considera as condições de produção das dircursividades e o funcionamento da ideologia e do inconsciente como fundantes para as análises desenvolvidas.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The objectives of the study were: a) evaluate the equipment and aerial application rates to maximizing the coverage and penetration of fungicides drops in the canopy leaf through Water-sensitive paper and chromatography b) measure the spectra of droplets generated by hydraulic nozzles, nozzles electrostatic and rotating atomisers disk c) evaluate the yield components: seed yield and ingenuity income d) evaluate the control of Cercospora oryzae in accordance with the devices tested. For the deposition of drops in three tiers with Water-sensitive papers review, the hydraulic nozzle equipment with 30 L.ha-1 had higher deposition in the upper third and medium. For the bottom third, the rotary atomizer disks in the rate of 15 L.ha-1 had higher penetration. With chromatography, the largest amount of product in the lower canopy was achieved through the electrostatic equipment with 10 L.ha-1. For the control of Cercospora oryzae the data were not consistent, because the treatments did not differ from the witness. For weight and grain yield there was no difference among treatments. For ingenuity income, the weight of grain was obtained using the hydraulic equipment Nozzle 20L.ha-1. The penetration and density were evaluated in relation to rates and equipment through contrasts. Most treatments showed differences between the equipment and rates. / Os objetivos dos trabalhos foram: a) Avaliar equipamentos de aplicação aérea e taxas de aplicação para maximização da cobertura e penetração de gotas de fungicidas no dossel foliar através de papel hidrossensível e cromatografia; b) avaliar os espectros de gotas gerados por bicos hidráulicos, bicos eletrostáticos e atomizadores rotativos de disco; c) avaliar os componentes de rendimento: produtividade de grãos e rendimento de engenho; e d) avaliar o controle de Cercospora oryzae. Para condução do experimento foi utilizado 8 tratamentos divididos em 63 ha. Em cada área foi avaliada a cobertura e penetração através de papeis hidrossensiveis e análise cromatográfica. A deposição de gotas em três estratos com análise de papéis hidrossensíveis, o equipamento bico hidráulico com 30 L.ha-1 teve maior deposição no terço superior e médio. Para o terço inferior, o atomizador rotativo de discos na taxa de 15 L.ha-1 apresentou maior penetração. Com cromatografia, a maior quantidade de produto no estrato inferior foi conseguida através do equipamento Eletrostático com 10 L.ha-1. Para o controle de Cercospora oryzae, os dados não foram consistentes, pois os tratamentos não diferiram da testemunha. Não houve diferenças para peso de grãos e produtividade entre os tratamentos. No rendimento de engenho, o maior peso de grão inteiro foi obtido com a utilização do equipamento Bico hidráulico 20L.ha-1. A densidade e a penetração foram avaliadas em relação às taxas e aos equipamentos, através de contrastes. A maioria dos tratamentos evidenciou diferenças entre os equipamentos e as taxas.

Trois architectures de copolymères (dibloc, tribloc et hétérogreffé) amphiphiles photo-stimulables à base de polyoxazoline et de groupements photo-sensibles de type coumarine sont étudiées dans ce travail. Ces copolymères s’auto-assemblent en milieu aqueux sous forme de nanoparticules de morphologies sphériques, ovales mais également de nanofibres hélicoïdales de plusieurs micromètres de longueur. Selon les cas, les morphologies sont induites par de la cristallisation des motifs coumarine entre eux ou bien des interactions polyoxazoline-coumarine. Par ailleurs, la photo-réponse des nanoparticules a été examinée après irradiation UV des groupements coumarine, capables de dimériser de manière réversible selon la longueur d’onde utilisée. Elle diffère selon l’architecture du copolymère qui constitue les nanoparticules et donne lieu à des phénomènes de (pré-)photo-dimérisation ou photo-réticulation du cœur de celles-ci avec des réversibilités sous UV variables et un maximum d'efficacité dans le cas des copolymères triblocs. La stabilité de ces auto-assemblages a également été examinée avant et après exposition UV. Dans tous les cas, l’irradiation des nanoparticules améliore leur stabilité en température et dans le temps avec un effet maximal dans le cas de la pré-photodimérisation (tribloc). Enfin, la réticulation et la cristallisation se sont révélées être des freins au piégeage de molécules hydrophobes, illustrées ici avec le Nile Red, alors que les copolymères diblocs se sont révélés être les systèmes les plus efficaces. En somme, les nanoparticules de copolymères triblocs présentent le meilleur compromis entre stabilité, efficacité UV et piégeage. / Three photo-responsive amphiphilic copolymer architectures (diblock, triblock and heterografted) based on polyoxazoline and coumarin photo-sensitive units are studied in this work. These copolymers self-assemble in water into spherical or ovalic nanoparticles and also supramicrometer helicoidal nanofibers. Depending on the macromolecular architectures, these morphologies are induced by crystallization of coumarin units or polyoxazoline-coumarin interactions. Moreover, the nanoparticle photo-response is examinated after the UV-exposure of coumarin units, that are able to reversibly dimerize according to the wavelength used. This photo-response varies with the copolymer structure and leads to (previous) photo-dimerization or photo-crosslinking phenomena. These latters present various photo-reversibility behaviors under UV and a maximal efficiency for triblock copolymers. The nanoparticle stability was additionally studied before and after UV-irradiation. In both cases, the nanoparticle stability is improved towards time and temperature with a maximal impact for the previous photo-dimerization (triblock). Finally, the crosslinking and the crystallization appear as brakes for the hydrophobic molecule entrapment, illustrated here by Nile Red, whereas diblock copolymers seem to be the most efficient systems. To conclude, previously photo-dimerized nanoparticles (triblock) are the best way combining stability, UV-efficiency and entrapment.

Cette thèse porte sur les représentations professionnelles de la bande de jeunes dans le champ de l'éducation spécialisée. Conçue comme objet de représentation sensible, la bande de jeunes est entendue comme une édification mythique qui, dans l’imaginaire, renvoie à une certaine perception de la jeunesse. Au travers de trois enquêtes, cet objet est abordé dans ses aspects constituants, une communication médiatique héritée, et constitués, un produit socio-cognitifs. Les représentations sont lues sous le prisme de la professionnalisation, un processus inscrit dans une dynamique représentationnelle qui permet le passage des savoirs du quotidien à des savoirs professionnels. Les deux premières enquêtes relèvent de préalables à l'investigation du champ professionnel de l'éducation spécialisée, au travers d'un diagnostic de communication diachronique (la bande de jeunes dans la presse de la Belle Époque et dans la presse des trente dernières années) et d'un diagnostic de la nature de l'objet (objet affectif non-cognitif, objet sensible). La troisième enquête se propose d'aborder les représentations de la bande de jeunes chez les éducateurs spécialisés comme la traduction professionnelle d’une édification mythique, donnant naissance à des savoirs professionnels plus ou moins distincts des savoirs du quotidien. Si les éducateurs praticiens dénoncent en premier lieu la bande de jeunes comme préjugés ou stéréotype et y applique une grille de lecture sociale (exclusion, précarité), les éducateurs en formation se distinguent par une négation de cet objet (que cela soit en terme de stéréotypie ou d'explication sociale). / This thesis concerns the professional representations of the band of youths in the field of the special education. Conceived as sensitive object of representation, the band of youths is understood as a mythical construction which, in the imagination, reflects a certain perception of the youth. Through three inquiries, this object is approached on its constituent aspects, an inherited media communication, and constituted, a product socio-cognitive. The representations are read under the prism of the professionalization, a process registers in a representational dynamics which allows the passage of the knowledges of the everyday life to the professional knowledges. The first two inquiries are prerequisites in the investigation of the professional field of the special education, through a diagnosis of diachronic communication (the band of youths in the press of the « Belle Époque » and in the press of the last thirty years) and of a diagnosis of the nature of the object (non-cognitive emotional object, sensitive object). The third inquiry suggests approaching the representations of the band of youths at the educators specialized as the professional translation of a mythical construction, giving birth to professional knowledges more or less different from knowledges of the everyday life. If the educators practitioners denounce first of all the band of youths as the prejudices or stereotype and applies it a social key for reading (exclusion, precariousness), the educators in training distinguish themselves by a negation from this object (that it is in term of stereotypy or social explanation).

Les nanostructures de polymères suscitent un grand intérêt grâce à leurs propriétés uniques comme le facteur de forme important. Cette propriété est essentielle pour l’utilisation dans des domaines où les interactions de surface sont mises en jeu. Un exemple d’une telle application est la détection de gaz. La polyaniline (PANi) s’est montrée prometteuse pour l’utilisation dans les capteurs d’ammoniac. La synthèse conventionnelle (chimique ou électrochimique) de nanofibres de PANi a été largement décrite dans la littérature mais cette voie possède de nombreux inconvénients. Parmi eux, figurent plusieurs étapes de synthèse (la synthèse, la purification, le dépôt sur le substrat) et l’utilisation de produits chimiques (oxydants, acides) peu respectueux de l’environnement. La polymérisation assistée par plasma froid (PECVD) permet de s’en affranchir car seul le monomère est utilisé qui se polymérise directement sur le substrat. Ainsi, ce travail de thèse a pour objectif d’élaborer des nanostructures de polyaniline plasma tout en conservant au mieux l’unité monomère dans le polymère. Le paramètre essentiel qui détermine le processus de nanostructuration est la puissance de décharge. A forte puissance, des films fortement structurés sont obtenus mais les molécules de monomère sont totalement fragmentées. En revanche, une faible puissance conduit à des films avec conservation de l’entité monomère mais sans structure morphologique particulière. Nous avons développé une méthode permettant de combiner les avantages de chaque régime : ce procédé dit « bottom-up » est réalisé en variant la puissance au cours du dépôt selon deux ou trois étapes. Les paramètres qui influencent les structures chimique et morphologique sont déterminés et les procédés à deux et trois étapes sont comparés. Par ailleurs, la synthèse « top-down » de nanostructures par gravure de la couche mince de PANi est également étudiée en fonction des paramètres du plasma (puissance et temps de décharge, débit du gaz de gravure et polarisation du substrat). Finalement, nous avons synthétisé, en phase plasma, des nanocomposites associant les nanostructures de PANi et des particules métalliques de Pd déposées par pulvérisation. La structure chimique des films de PANi est caractérisée par les spectroscopies UV-Vis, IR-TF et XPS. Pour mettre en évidence la nanostructuration des couches minces, les microscopies MEB et AFM sont utilisées. Cette dernière permet également de calculer la valeur de rugosité ainsi que la surface spécifique de la PANi. La spectroscopie EDX est utilisée pour mettre en évidence et pour quantifier le palladium dans les films synthétisés. Les couches obtenues sont finalement caractérisées sous gaz par mesures de variation d’absorbance afin de déterminer leur sensibilité et leur temps de réponse à l’ammoniac. / Polymer nanostructures are of great interest due to their unique properties such as high shape factor. This property is essential for applications where surface interactions are involved. One example of such an application is the gas detection. Polyaniline (PANi) has been shown as a promising material for ammonia detection. Conventional synthesis (chemical orelectrochemical) of PANi nanofibers has been widely described in the literature but this way has many drawbacks. They include several steps (synthesis, purification, deposition on the substrate) and the use of chemicals (oxidants, acids) which are not environmentally friendly. The polymerization assisted by cold plasma (PECVD) allows overcoming it, as only themonomer is used and is directly polymerized on the substrate. This thesis work aims to develop plasma polyanilinenanostructures while retaining the monomer unit in the polymer. The key parameter that determines thenanostructuring process is the discharge power. At high power, highly structured films are obtained but the monomer molecules are totally fragmented. On the contrary, low power allows conservation of the monomer unit but no surface structuring is observed. We developed a method which combines the advantages of each regime. This "bottom-up" process consists to vary the input power during deposition in two or three stages. Parameters influencing the chemical and morphological structures are determined and the two and three steps methods are compared. Furthermore, the "top-down" synthesis of nanostructures by etching the PANi layer is also studied according to the plasma parameters (power and discharge time, etching gas flow rate and substrate bias). Finally, in plasma phase, we synthesized nanocomposite by combining PANi nanostructures and sputtered Pd particles. The chemical structure of the PANi films is characterized by UV-Vis spectroscopy, FT-IR and XPS. In order to highlight the nanostructuring of thin films, SEM and AFM microscopy areused. The latter one allows also the calculation of the roughness and specific surface of the PANi. EDX spectroscopyis used to bring out the presence of palladium and to quantify it. Finally, the obtained layers are characterized under gas byabsorbance variation measurements in order to determine their sensitivity and response time to ammonia.

Rayleigh-Taylor instability has been an area of active research in fluid dynamics for the last twenty years, but relatively little attention has been paid to the dynamics of problems where Rayleigh-Taylor instability plays a role, but is only one component of a more complex system. Here, Rayleigh-Taylor instability between miscible fluids is examined in situations where it is confined by various means: by geometric restriction, by penetration into a stable linear stratification, and by impingement on a stable density interface. Water-based experiments are modelled using a variety of techniques, ranging from simple hand calculation of energy exchange to full three-dimensional numerical simulation. Since there are well known difficulties in modelling unconfined Rayleigh-Taylor instability, the confined test cases have been sequenced to begin with dynamically simple benchmark systems on which existing modelling approaches perform well, then they progress to more complex systems and explore the limitations of the various models. Some work on the phenomenology of turbulent mixing is also presented, including a new experimental technique that allows mixed fluid to be visualised directly, and an analysis of energy transport and mixing efficiency in variable density flows dominated by mixing.