The study was undertaken to determine the influence of the policy of separate development on the establishment, development and disestablishment of the Geluksdal Management Committee. The policy of separate development as implemented by the previous National Party Government led to the establishment of the Geluksdal Management Committee. Acts adopted by Parliament provided the statutory environment for the establishment of the Geluksdal township and the development of the Geluksdal Management Committee. The adoption of the Local Government Transition Act, 1993 (Act 209 of 1993) and the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1993 (Act 200 of 1993) led to the disestablishment of the Geluksdal Management Committee. In terms of the Local Government Transition Act, 1993 (Act 209 of 1993) the Transitional Local Council of Brakpan, that includes the Geluksdal Management Committee, was promulgated. / Die studie is onderneem om die invloed van die beleid van afsonderlike ontwikkeling op die ontstaan, ontwikkeling en ontbinding van die Geluksdal Bestuurskomitee te bepaal. Die beleid van afsonderlike ontwikkeling soos toegepas deur die destydse Nasionale Party Regering het gelei tot die ontstaan van die Geluksdal Bestuurskomitee. Parlementere wetgewing het die statutere omgewing verleen waarbinne die dorp Geluksdal gestig en die Geluksdal Bestuurskomitee ontwikkel het. Die aanvaarding van die Oorgangswet op Plaaslike Regering, 1993 (Wet 209 van 1993) en die Grondwet van die Republiek van Suid-Afrika, 1993 (Wet 200 van 1993) het gelei tot die ontbinding van die Geluksdal Bestuurskomitee. In terme van eersgenoemde Wet is die Oorgangsraad van Brakpan wat die Geluksdal Bestuurskomitee insluit, gepromulgeer. / Public Administration and Management / M.A. (Pulic Administration)

This diploma thesis deals with behavioural problems of pupils in a school setting, particularly with aggression and bullying, as well as the possibility of their prevention. It consists of a theoretical part, a practical part, and appendices. The theoretical part treats behavioural problems in pupils, presenting the separate disorders in all their possible forms, accounting for both internal and external factors triggering them, explaining their causes and the conditions under which they occur, and, finally, surveys the possibility of their prevention and treatment. The practical part uses a questionnaire designed by the author of the thesis and discussions conducted in schools to identify the most common types of behavioural disorders. The results of the research are presented in charts and graphs and are complemented by data obtained in the discussions. This part is concluded with a thorough analysis of the data. The appendices contain real-life examples of behavioural problems encountered by teachers, the minimum prevention programme implemented by the basic school in Jistebnice and its evaluation for the school year of 2008/2009, the crisis management scheme of the same school, and additional materials relating to the topic.

Die Least-Squares Finite-Elemente-Methoden (LSFEMn) basieren auf der Minimierung des Least-Squares-Funktionals, das aus quadrierten Normen der Residuen eines Systems von partiellen Differentialgleichungen erster Ordnung besteht. Dieses Funktional liefert einen a posteriori Fehlerschätzer und ermöglicht die adaptive Verfeinerung des zugrundeliegenden Netzes. Aus zwei Gründen versagen die gängigen Methoden zum Beweis optimaler Konvergenzraten, wie sie in Carstensen, Feischl, Page und Praetorius (Comp. Math. Appl., 67(6), 2014) zusammengefasst werden. Erstens scheinen fehlende Vorfaktoren proportional zur Netzweite den Beweis einer schrittweisen Reduktion der Least-Squares-Schätzerterme zu verhindern. Zweitens kontrolliert das Least-Squares-Funktional den Fehler der Fluss- beziehungsweise Spannungsvariablen in der H(div)-Norm, wodurch ein Datenapproximationsfehler der rechten Seite f auftritt. Diese Schwierigkeiten führten zu einem zweifachen Paradigmenwechsel in der Konvergenzanalyse adaptiver LSFEMn in Carstensen und Park (SIAM J. Numer. Anal., 53(1), 2015) für das 2D-Poisson-Modellproblem mit Diskretisierung niedrigster Ordnung und homogenen Dirichlet-Randdaten. Ein neuartiger expliziter residuenbasierter Fehlerschätzer ermöglicht den Beweis der Reduktionseigenschaft. Durch separiertes Markieren im adaptiven Algorithmus wird zudem der Datenapproximationsfehler reduziert. Die vorliegende Arbeit verallgemeinert diese Techniken auf die drei linearen Modellprobleme das Poisson-Problem, die Stokes-Gleichungen und das lineare Elastizitätsproblem. Die Axiome der Adaptivität mit separiertem Markieren nach Carstensen und Rabus (SIAM J. Numer. Anal., 55(6), 2017) werden in drei Raumdimensionen nachgewiesen. Die Analysis umfasst Diskretisierungen mit beliebigem Polynomgrad sowie inhomogene Dirichlet- und Neumann-Randbedingungen. Abschließend bestätigen numerische Experimente mit dem h-adaptiven Algorithmus die theoretisch bewiesenen optimalen Konvergenzraten. / The least-squares finite element methods (LSFEMs) base on the minimisation of the least-squares functional consisting of the squared norms of the residuals of first-order systems of partial differential equations. This functional provides a reliable and efficient built-in a posteriori error estimator and allows for adaptive mesh-refinement. The established convergence analysis with rates for adaptive algorithms, as summarised in the axiomatic framework by Carstensen, Feischl, Page, and Praetorius (Comp. Math. Appl., 67(6), 2014), fails for two reasons. First, the least-squares estimator lacks prefactors in terms of the mesh-size, what seemingly prevents a reduction under mesh-refinement. Second, the first-order divergence LSFEMs measure the flux or stress errors in the H(div) norm and, thus, involve a data resolution error of the right-hand side f. These difficulties led to a twofold paradigm shift in the convergence analysis with rates for adaptive LSFEMs in Carstensen and Park (SIAM J. Numer. Anal., 53(1), 2015) for the lowest-order discretisation of the 2D Poisson model problem with homogeneous Dirichlet boundary conditions. Accordingly, some novel explicit residual-based a posteriori error estimator accomplishes the reduction property. Furthermore, a separate marking strategy in the adaptive algorithm ensures the sufficient data resolution. This thesis presents the generalisation of these techniques to three linear model problems, namely, the Poisson problem, the Stokes equations, and the linear elasticity problem. It verifies the axioms of adaptivity with separate marking by Carstensen and Rabus (SIAM J. Numer. Anal., 55(6), 2017) in three spatial dimensions. The analysis covers discretisations with arbitrary polynomial degree and inhomogeneous Dirichlet and Neumann boundary conditions. Numerical experiments confirm the theoretically proven optimal convergence rates of the h-adaptive algorithm.

This thesis deals with the design of automated system of electroplating. The first part is centered on designing the technological process for this electroplating and the setout of operating vats. It also deals with the project of mechanical construction, electrical system, with the computing procedure and the optimum choice of gear for galvanic line model. The work includes the design of a DC motor controller, the computing procedure and the construction of heating element for vats heater simulation. The last part of this thesis offers an insight to the control system and the assembled program. In the addendum, the photo of the realized model, the wiring scheme, and the programme transcript for control galvanic line model can be found.

Text in English with abstracts in English, Afrikaans and isiZulu. Translated titles in Afrikaans and isiZulu supplied / Alarming global crime levels lead to increased incarcerations, resulting in changes in the dynamics of the offender population. Developments that call for urgent progressive reforms of corrections, thereby fast-tracking the employment of female officers. A qualitative study was conducted to explore the lived work experiences of 17 female correctional officers, at Kgoši Mampuru II Management Area in Pretoria, South Africa, to determine how they shape their work identity in this male-dominated sector. An interpretive phenomenological analysis methodology is applied, informed by the Social Identity Theory (SIT) to conceptualise the factors that shape these officers’ work identity. Themes identified include the role of the corrections environment as a social institution, corrections operating as separate communities, and how being different contributes to the distinct attributes of female correctional officers. Emotional labour, vigilance and their uniform also proved significant tools these female officers applied as a means to cope and assert their rightful place in this harsh, strained environment. / Ubugebengu obuphakeme kakhulu emhlabeni sebuholele ekutheni sikhule isibalo seziboshwa emajele, okwenza ukuthi silokhu sidlondlobale njalo isibalo seziboshwa nakuba amajele esegcwele ngokweqile. Izinguquko esimweni sesibalo seziboshwa esikhulayo sezibeke ingcindezi engeziwe phezu kwamahlombe ojele nakuba sebevele bethwele kanzima. Lokhu sekudale isidingo esiphuthumayo sokuthi kwenziwe izinguquko ezinohlonze okuhloswe ngazo ukuphucula nokuthuthukisa isimo, ngokuthi kusheshiwe ukuqashwa kojele besifazane. Lolu cwaningo lwenziwe ngaphansi kwalesi simo-ke ngenhloso yokuhlola nokucubungula impilo ephilwa ngojele besifazane uma besemsebenzini nezigameko zansukuzonke abahlangabezana nazo ukuze kubhekwe ukuthi basibumba futhi basibonakalise kanjani isimo-bunjalo sabo njengabantu ukuze bathathe indawo yabo ngeqholo kulo mkhakha okukhonya kuwona kakhulu abantu besilisa. Ulwazi locwaningo lwaqoqwa ngokusebenzisa izingxoxo zokubonana ubuso nobuso ezingama-semi-structured interviews ezabanjwa nojele besifazane abayi-17 e-Kgoši Mampuru II Management Area ePitoli, eNingizimu Afrika. Izindlela zocwaningo ezasetshenziswa kwaba yindlela yocwaningo olukhwalithethivu kanye nohlaziyo olubizwa nge-interpretive phenomenological analysis. Ithiyori yokuzihlonza komuntu isimo sakhe emphakathini nokuthi ungubani iveza umbono wokuthi umuntu wakha izimo-bunjalo ezihlukahlukene okuyizimo-bunjalo zakhe uqobo ngaphakathi kanye nezimo-bunjalo afuna ukuziveza ngazo futhi azibonakalise ngazo emphakathini ukuze akwazi ukwenza izinto kahle futhi ngendlela efanele endaweni ethile azithola ekuyona. Izingqikithi eziyinhloko ezahlozwa ngenhloso yokweseka lo mgomo zibandakanya indima yesikhungo okwenzelwa kusona umsebenzi wokuhlunyeleliswa kwezimilo njengesikhungo zomphakathi, isikhungo sokuhlunyeleliswa kwezimilo uma sisebenza njengesikhungo somphakathi oseceleni noma ohlukile, kanye nokuthi ukwehluka kwaso kusifaka kanjani isandla ekuvezeni izimo-binjalo ezicacile futhi ezihlukile zojele besifazane. Ikhono labo lokulawula imizwa yabo ukuze bakwazi ukwenza umsebenzi wabo ngendlela efanele kanye nokucophelela kwabo kwahlonzwa njengamathuluzi asetshenziswa ngojele besifazane ukuze bakwazi ukumelana nesimo esilukhuni, esishubile futhi esimazonzo abasebenza ngaphansi kwaso. Indima edlalwa ngumfaniswano ekubumbeni isimo-bunjalo sabo emsebenzini nayo yabonisa ingqikithi encikile esemqoka eyahlonzwa ngenkathi kwenziwa uhlaziyo. / Toenemende misdaadsyfers lei globaal tot al hoër getalle oortreders in gevangenskap, wat onvermydelik die dinamiek van dié groeiende populasie verander. Die tendens noodsaak die transformasie van korrektiewe dienste, wat gevolglik die indiensneming van vroulike korrektiewe beamptes bespoedig het. ‘n Kwalitatiewe studie is onderneem met 17 vroulike beamptes te Kgoši Mampuru II Korrektiewe Bestuursarea, Pretoria, Suid-Afrika. ‘n Interpretiewe fenomenologiese analisemetode is toegepas, met die beginsels van die Sosiale Identitieitsteorie as grondslag, om die faktore te konseptualiseer wat bydra tot werksidentiteitvorming van vroue in hierdie manlik gedomineerde sektor. Temas geidentifiseer behels die rol van die korrektiewe omgewing as sosiale instelling, korrektiewe dienste wat funksioneer as afsonderlike gemeenskap, en die besondere bydraes wat die vroulike beampte, juis deur haar uniekheid lewer. Emosionele arbeid, voortdurende waaksaamheid, asook die rol van haar uniform, is verder aangedui as betekenisvolle meganismes wat dié beamptes aanwend in ‘n uitdagende omgewing en so hul regmatige plek inneem in hierdie onkonvensionele werksmilieu. / Psychology / M.A. (Psychology)

District heating, heat sources, cogeneration, boiler, biomass