As Cloud services become more commonplace, recent works have uncovered vulnerabilities unique to such systems. Specifi cally, the paradigm promotes a risk of information leakage across virtual machine isolation via side-channels. Unlike conventional computing, the infrastructure supporting a Cloud environment allows mutually dis- trusting clients simultaneous access to the underlying hardware, a seldom met requirement for a side-channel attack. This thesis investigates the current state of side-channel vulnerabilities involving the CPU cache, and identifi es the shortcomings of traditional defenses in a Cloud environment. It explores why solutions to non-Cloud cache-based side-channels cease to work in Cloud environments, and describes new mitigation techniques applicable for Cloud security. Speci cally, it separates canonical cache-based side-channel attacks into two categories, Sequential and Parallel attacks, based on their implementation and devises a unique mitigation technique for each. Applying these solutions to a canonical Cloud environment, this thesis demonstrates the validity of these Cloud-specifi c, cache-based side-channel mitigation techniques. Furthermore, it shows that they can be implemented, together, as a server-side approach to improve security without inconveniencing the client. Finally, it conducts a comparison of our solutions to the current state-of-the-art. / Thesis (Master, Computing) -- Queen's University, 2013-09-25 18:03:47.737

This thesis focuses on inclusion of affiliate marketing to internet marketing as a contemporary modern tool for acquiring new customers in the online market and on analysis of the system solution for conversion tracking at eHUB.cz Ltd. The thesis is divided into three parts: the first part presents the general overview of affiliate marketing, the second section analyzes the current state of the conversion tracking system at eHUB.cz Ltd. and the third proposes an optimal solution for the future status of this system. Theoretical level corresponds to the first part and a practical second and third. The theoretical part clarifies the position of affiliate marketing within online marketing, including basic knowledge and relationships that are necessary for proceeding to the practical part. The practical part contains a description of the original and current technical solutions of system eHUB. At the same time suggests its optimization for a future state. The main objective is to find a precise definition of the current standards of conversion tracking system solutions in eHUB.cz Ltd. The main contribution of this work is the usability of the optimal technical solution at eHUB.cz Ltd.

Before Responsive Web Design (RWD) it was common to create fixed-width websites. In recent years the standard way of creating responsive websites is by some of the fundamental aspects of RWD on the client-side. But can it be worth using RWD with components sent from a server by detecting the device and send component-specific material as to lessen some of the resources of the page? Tests have been made for this purpose with Google Lighthouse’s performance audits in mobile and desktop mode between four almost identical websites. These tests measures which website will receive better load-time performance results viewed from an emulated smartphone with a 3G/4G connection (mobile) and an emulated desktop PC with a 10 Mbps of connection (desktop). Each website consists of two pages, one with lesser resources (< 1 MB, known as index.html), the other with larger resources (24.3 MB, known as gallery.html). All four websites are responsive and built after the main pillars of RWD. Two websites does not have any optimization while two websites have added image optimization. One of the two websites in each category, image-optimized and unoptimized, is a server-based component website. This means, it will use asynchronous calls to a server to get specific components for the specific viewport.  In the tests performed, between the unoptimized websites, one client-based (CRWDu), the other server-based (SRWDu), on index.html, the CRWDu website scored best in mobile and got a slightly better result in desktop mode. On gallery.html, the SRWDu website received the best results in both modes, mobile and desktop. Between the image-optimized websites, one client-based (CRWDo), the other server-based (SRWDo), the CRWDo website on index.html, had a slightly better result in mobile and a worse result in desktop mode. On gallery.html, the SRWDo website had a much better result in both mobile and desktop mode.

In recent years the technology of web application development has improved a lot and JavaScript frameworks such as React and Angular have increased in popularity. These frameworks use client-side rendering and have led to the rendering method’s increase in popularity compared to its previous conqueror; server-side rendering. Server-side rendering, however, is still a viable option in certain cases. For instance, it provides improved performance on computers depending on the hardware specification and search engine optimization. This thesis is an experimental study that aims to present knowledge regarding the rendering method's benefits and drawbacks. The study also presents when server-side rendering becomes beneficial to your web program compared to client-side rendering. The thesis also includes another rendering method using client-side rendering but with a configuration called virtualized. In this study, two identical web applications containing a grid were built. The rendering method using the server side was on one application and rendering methods using the client side were on the other application. The evaluation metrics of the rendering methods were the time to render the grid and how good of a user experience they provided. The results show that virtualized offers a faster rendering time and better user experience, especially at larger grids. Server-side rendering was faster than client-side rendering at all grid sizes and they had a similar user experience. Overall, this thesis suggests using virtualized when suited. Regarding server-side rendering, this thesis recommends using it carefully since it requires complex implementation and maintenance along with higher costs. Therefore, it comes down to the requirements of the application and if it is worth the complex implementation, cost, and maintenance.

This work deals with an analysis of ways to create webpages optimized for mobile devices. Issues concerning current state of mobile market along with theoretical foundations of mobile industry are described in the beginning of the thesis. The main part examines methods of creating webpages for mobiles devices. The imlementation part describes a prototype of a webpage, which is based on analyzed methods.

This bachelor thesis explores the rapidly evolving landscape of JavaScript rendering frameworks, comparing and evaluating Next.js, SvelteKit, and Astro. The motivation behind this investigation is to help determine the most suitable rendering framework for contemporary web developers. To address this problem, a two-pronged methodology was employed: firstly, a survey was conducted to gather insights into web developers' usage of rendering frameworks and their opinions on different aspects of the frameworks; secondly, a controlled experiment was carried out by building web applications using the three frameworks to gather data on their performance, capabilities, and developer experience. The results of the study indicate that all three evaluated frameworks are strong options, but each offers unique advantages and drawbacks that must be considered when motivating a decision between them.

Valet mellan client-side rendering och server-side rendering har varit en stor fråga de senasteåren. Server-side rendering har alltid varit den man lutar sig åt för snabba initialaladdningstider och SEO-optimering, men utvecklingen av webbsidor går snabbt och merinteraktiva webbsidor önskas av användare, där kommer client-side rendering in i valet och dåmåste man ta ett beslut. Denna komparativa studie genomfördes i syfte med att jämföra server-side rendering ochclient-side rendering. Jämförelsen gjordes på fyra testobjekt ur ett prestanda, SEO ochtillgänglighetsperspektiv. Prestandakriterierna som användes är first contentful paint, largestcontentful paint, speed index, total blocking time och cumulative layout shift. SEO-optimering mätte man igenom hur korrekt implementerad den var och samma förtillgängligheten. Fyra testobjekt valdes ut med liknande interaktivitet och funktionalitet för att få en sånoggrann jämförelse som möjligt. För att samla in data så användes verktyget Google Lighthouse som ett tillägg i webbläsaren Google Chrome. En sekvens följdes för att samla indata medan man interagerar med webbsidan för att se hur bra prestanda testobjekten har underinteraktivitet. Resultaten visade att båda renderingsteknikerna har både fördelar och nackdelar. Server-siderendering visade bättre prestandaresultat och SEO-optimering medan client-side hade bättreresultat på tillgänglighet och användbarhet. Sammanfattningsvis så rekommenderas en teknik beroende på vad för krav som ställs i början av projektet. Vill man ha en användarvänlig webbsida med mycket interaktivitet så rekommenderas client-side rendering och vill man ha en webbsida som har snabba laddningstider och bra SEO-optimering så rekommenderas server-side rendering.

This thesis investigates two different web server solutions. One is a commercial, proprietary solution known as the Windows solution that consists of Windows Server 2003, IIS and ASP. The other is a free, open source solution consisting of FreeBSD, Apache and PHP. The both solutions had the database MySQL as a common component. The hypothesis that was used in this investigation is as follows: IIS on Windows Server is not better than Apache on FreeBSD for e-commerce systems. To answer the hypothesis two empirical comparisons were conducted. One was a response time experiment testing two symmetrical web shops developed for the both solutions. For this response time test a stress test application was developed. The second comparison was a case study in the ease of installation of the two different solutions. The third empirical research method was a survey that was conducted among Swedish web hotel administrators. The survey identifies various factors that play a part when choosing one of the solutions. Open source users prefer performance, security and costs of software while Windows users prefer required knowledge, usability and compatibility. By analysing our result it is shown that the hypothesis is verified proving that an open source solution reports better performance because it has lower response times than the Windows solution. The results from the case study show that Windows is the easiest solution to install. / Den här uppsatsen undersöker två olika webbservrar lösningar. En är kommersiell patentskyddad lösning känd som Windows lösningen som består av Windows Server 2003, IIS och ASP. Den andra lösningen är en gratis open source lösning som består av FreeBSD, Apache och PHP. Båda lösningarna har databasen MySQL som en jämensam komponent. Hypotesen som användes i denna forskning är; IIS på Windows Server är inte bättre än Apache på FreeBSD för e-handel system. För att kunna besvara hypotesen gjordes två empirisk jämförelsen. En var respons tid experiment som testade två symmetriska webb shops som var utvecklad av oss för bägge lösningarna. För detta experiment utvecklades en stress test program. Den andra jämförelsen var en fallstudie i lätthet av installation av dessa två lösningar. Den tredje forsknings metoden är en undersökning bland svensk webb hotell administratörer. Undersökningen identifierar olika faktorer som spelar roll när man väljer en av lösningarna. Open source användare föredrar prestanda, säkerhet och kostnad av mjukvara medan Windows användare föredrar obligatorisk kunskap, användbarhet och jämförbarhet. Genom analys av våra resultat har vi visat att vår hypotes är verifierad och detta bevisar att open source lösningen har bättre prestanda genom att den har lägre respons tid än Windows lösningen. Resultatet av fallstudien visar att Windows är lättare att installera.

[Context] PHP Frameworks, such as CakePHP and Codei- gniter, have become popular among developers, since they offer ease of development save time and provide already made libraries to use. Considering that more and more websites are built using these frameworks it is important to know how they impact the performance of the website. Comparing the two top frameworks with each other can shed some light on what the performance looks like today on the web with PHP as its base. [Problem] Visitors nowadays have less patience to wait for a website to load. Meanwhile, PHP Framework has become known among developers, but the part of the performance that reduces the load time even more so visitors can surf without any problems, is missing. Therefore, it is a good idea to try to discover how the performance of the PHP Framework can change and improve the visitor experience. [Con- tribution] In this paper is a description of one of the first performance experiments on PHP Frameworks. It can help people make the right de- cision regarding PHP Framework in the future. The lack of data in this area is also one of the decisions to make this paper as well.

Webbapplikationers komplexitet och mängden avancerade tjänster ökar. Loggning av aktiviteter kan öka förståelsen över användares beteenden och behov, men används i för stor mängd utan relevant information. Mer avancerade system medför ökade krav för prestandan och loggning blir än mer krävande för systemen. Det finns behov av smartare system, utveckling inom tekniker för prestandaförbättringar och tekniker för datainsamling. Arbetet kommer undersöka hur svarstider påverkas vid loggning av serverdata, enligt datainsamlingsfasen i web usage mining, beroende på lagringsstrategier. Hypotesen är att loggning kan försämra svarstider ytterligare. Experiment genomförs där fyra olika lagringsstrategier används för att lagra serverdata med olika tabell- och databasstrukturer, för att se vilken strategi som påverkar svarstiderna minst. Experimentet påvisar statistiskt signifikant skillnad mellan lagringsstrategierna enligt ANOVA. Lagringsstrategi 4 påvisar bäst effekt för prestandans genomsnittliga svarstid, jämfört med lagringsstrategi 2 som påvisar mest negativ effekt för den genomsnittliga svarstiden. Framtida arbete vore intressant för att stärka resultaten. / Web applications complexity and the amount of advanced services increases. Logging activities can increase the understanding of users behavior and needs, but is used too much without relevant information. More advanced systems brings increased requirements for performance and logging becomes even more demanding for the systems. There is need of smarter systems, development within the techniques for performance improvements and techniques for data collection. This work will investigate how response times are affected when logging server data, according to the data collection phase in web usage mining, depending on storage strategies. The hypothesis is that logging may degrade response times even further. An experiment was conducted in which four different storage strategies are used to store server data with different table- and database structures, to see which strategy affects the response times least. The experiment proves statistically significant difference between the storage strategies with ANOVA. Storage strategy 4 proves the best effect for the performance average response time compared with storage strategy 2, which proves the most negative effect for the average response time. Future work would be interesting for strengthening the results.