This bachelor thesis dives into the topic of responsive images on the web. With more and more devices different devices accessing the web all with different conditions, serving the right image for each and every device is an important matter. This thesis looks into the topic and compares a few available techniques that potentially could solve this problem of providing the right image. This thesis will include a literature study as well as an experiment. When both these parts are done they will be presented, analyzed and summarized for the reader. The experiment is a performance benchmark of two different responsive image techniques, a non responsive image alternative is also tested in order to have something to evaluate the responsive image techniques with and see how big of a difference the techniques can make. Ultimately both responsive image techniques put through the experiment performed relatively even and both showed huge improvements in terms of performance over the non responsive alternative.

The Internet is gradually expanding to many new devices, in addition to its original native environment that was the Personal Computer. This wave started with mobile devices and as we enter the Internet of Things era, connectivity is possible from cars to light switches. One of the first devices, to follow mobiles, is the Television. Connectivity and two-way interaction on the TV device has in fact started even in the first days of the medium, but had failed to make it widely available, due to technological limitations of the past. Now, this has changed, with the Smart TV devices that can utilize the fast internet connections that are available in most developed countries. However, even though the technology and devices are now widely available there are still challenges in order to make the vast Internet and web content available in the Smart TVs. These challenges, have a familiar resemblance to what happened a few years ago, when internet connectivity was introduced on the mobile phone. Although, it was "feasible" to access any webpage from your mobile device, the experience for the user was often very frustrating, due to many factors, that derived from the fact that the web was designed for large screens and mice of the desktop computers, not the small touch screens and limited hardware of the phone. Nonetheless, these obstacles were successfully overcome, by introducing techniques and methodologies (e.g. Responsive Web Design) to make the web more mobile-friendly and also work from the manufacturers to improve their devices to this direction as well. The success of these actions is now evident, since the access to the web from mobile devices has surpassed the PC, and it is now a standard practice for every new website to be mobile-friendly. In this research work, we will attempt to do one very significant step towards this direction for the Smart TV. In other words, to discover what has to be done to make the web more TV-friendly. To do this, we explore many different TV devices from several manufacturers and see their similarities and differences. We explore numerous user studies and surveys to discover what is the problem in the Web experience on the TV, so that we can propose solutions to make web content TV-friendly. Based on these findings, we design prototypes and put them to the test on different devices and userevaluation. Finally, we propose a set of guidelines, that web designers can apply on their websites to make them TV-friendly, in the hope to introduce the first step towards a friendlier internet era for the TV.

Mångfalden av enheter för webbanvändning ökar, men det finns fortfarande webbplatser som utvecklas med PC:s som enda prioritet. Responsiv webbdesign erbjuder nya möjligheter till webbutveckling eftersom en responsiv webbplats är anpassad till samtliga enheter på marknaden. Området har förvisso fått stort genomslag, men det är fortfarande nytt och relativt outforskat. Det finns också endel utmaningar med responsiv webbdesign som kan vara svåra att bemöta. Uppsatsen kartlägger utmaningar som lyfts fram i vetenskaplig litteratur, och bekräftar eller dementerar samt kompletterar kartlagda utmaningar genom enempirisk studie. I uppsatsens slutsats introduceras ett ramverk med utmaningar inom responsiv webbdesign. / The variety of devices for web use increases, but some web sites are still being developed with PC:s as their only priority. Responsive web design is a way of developing web sites for all devices on the market, and therefore creating new opportunities for web development. The area is still new and relatively unexplored, and there are challenges that can be difficult to address. The thesis maps out challenges found in scientific literature, and confirmes or denies and supplements identified challenges through an empirical study. The thesis concludes with an introduction to a framework with challenges in responsive webdesign.

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Preparing for crisis is a challenge. To be prepared to handle a crisis, organizationshave to practice. Crisis management exercises are never performed as often theyshould, as it is expensive and takes long time to plan.The purpose of this thesis is to examine how public bodies and other organizations inAkershus plan and execute crisis management exercises. The thesis aims to evaluateinterest and survey pre-conditions and useful features for a digital tool to complementtraditional contingency exercises.A qualitative approach has been applied in form of interviews and literature review asthe objective is to achieve comprehension of the interviewed organizations routinesand practices, and the circumstances which may affect their need for a digital trainingtool.Six key factors in crisis management are identified in the literature review. Thefactors are: flexibility, communication, cooperation and coordination as well asinformation and improvisation. In addition, methods to understand how users interactwith technology as well as how to design responsive web pages were explored.The analysis is based on empirical results from five interviews from fiveorganizations. The empirical results were compared to the key factors from theliterature review.The study shows that the most of the interviewed organizations use CIM®, and thatall of them implement tabletop or scenario exercises in their training. The interviewedorganizations believe that a digital tool for contingency exercises can be acontribution to traditional exercises, but there are issues concerning how cooperationand communication can be maintained in any digital tool to be used in an area wherefunctional communication and cooperation is necessary.

Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2018-12-04T11:48:32Z No. of bitstreams: 1 José Renato de Souza Guedes.pdf: 30726036 bytes, checksum: d3abeb573665a5abedf54c90173445d0 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-12-04T11:48:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 José Renato de Souza Guedes.pdf: 30726036 bytes, checksum: d3abeb573665a5abedf54c90173445d0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-09-14 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / Mobile Internet access has surpassed access by the traditional desktops and notebooks, which opens up opportunities for e-commerce websites, since delivering a satisfying experience for mobile users can be an advantage over competitors. Several techniques have been used to address the need to present a website for both traditional and mobile platforms, having to face the challenge of exposing a similar content on very different dimension screens. One of these techniques is the responsive web design that maintains the same HTML code to place a website on a variety of devices, especially mobile ones. This study is based on researches conducted by Jacob Nielsen, Steve Krug, among others, with usability, in order to generate a model of recommendations to be applied in the development of responsive e-commerce websites. The model not only considered the common usability factors for websites of any segment, but also adapted them to meet the specific needs of a online store, as well as meeting the purchasing decision determinants established for web e-commerce. The model was applied in the analysis of three websites, describing how responsive web design was applied in each one, showing that it is possible to improve the usability of a website in a mobile device with the technique, but there are questions about how to match the level of usability in larger devices only by using interactivity features with the graphical interface, especially on websites with a lot of content / O acesso à Internet por dispositivos móveis superou o acesso pelos tradicionais desktops e notebooks; tal fato abre oportunidades para websites de comércio eletrônico, pois gerar uma experiência satisfatória aos usuários de dispositivos móveis pode ser uma vantagem diante da concorrência. Diversas técnicas foram empregadas para suprir a necessidade de apresentar um website, tanto para as plataformas tradicionais, quanto para as plataformas móveis, tendo que enfrentar o desafio de expor um conteúdo similar em telas de dimensões muito diferentes. Uma destas técnicas é o web design responsivo que mantém o mesmo código HTML para dispor um website em diversos dispositivos, principalmente os móveis. Este estudo se baseia em pesquisas realizadas por Jacob Nielsen, Steve Krug, entre outros autores, com usabilidade, com o objetivo de gerar um modelo de recomendações para ser aplicado no desenvolvimento de websites responsivos de comércio eletrônico. O modelo não só considerou os fatores comuns de usabilidade para sites de qualquer segmento, como adaptou-os a suprir as necessidades específicas de uma loja virtual, além de atender aos determinantes de decisão de compra estabelecidos para o comércio eletrônico na web. O modelo foi aplicado na análise de três websites, descrevendo como o web design responsivo foi aplicado em cada um, mostrando que é possível melhorar a usabilidade de um website em um dispositivo móvel com a técnica, mas há questionamentos quanto igualar o nível de usabilidade em relação a dispositivos maiores, somente utilizando recursos de interatividade com a interface gráfica, especialmente em websites com muito conteúdo

Advertising in responsive websites is a quite new phenomenon and has therefore, previously not been a target for any mayor research. Todays society, where new technological innovations persistantly supersede others must be seen as a possible changer for how companies advertise to this society. This paper sheds light on many of the difficulties connected with advertising for responsive websites, but also possibilities and advices for the future. Through a litterature review and a focus group with respondents from a large communication agency in Umeå, insights, implications, solutions and thoughts both connected to specific websites but also around advertising for the future as a whole is presented. This paper can work as a subject of discussion, when designing responsive websites with advertising in mind or as a starter for future research.

In recent years the development of mobile devices has made great progress and today they account for a large proportion of the internet usage. This trend poses new demands on web developers as more companies and product owners want to customize their services and products for this new market. In this study we examine the pros and cons of the strategies desktop-first and mobile-first in the development of adaptive interfaces for the web. The study aims to create guidelines for situations in which each strategy fits well. The purpose of the study is to create an understanding of how these strategies can help developers and product owners to develop adaptive interfaces based on different goals and objectives. The study was conducted through the development of two high-fidelity prototypes for the redesign of an existing website. A literature review was also performed to create a deeper understanding of the subject. Our conclusion showed that mobile-first was preferable when building a website from scratch. However, there are cases when desktop-first may be preferable, for example, in the redesign of an existing website where the foundation is already finished. Furthermore, the study has led us to the realization that there are many purposes of different websites making the subject complex. Therefore, the developer should always make an evaluation of the product owner's goals and objectives in order to choose the right strategy.

Since the third-generation’s mobile telephony was introduced, the use of the Internet changed significantly. Websites can nowadays be viewed from a wide range of devices that differ in type and size. This puts a demand on the design of web pages because the page should be equally useful regardless of the type of device used to view the page. Responsive web design is a design method that strives towards solving this problem by allowing web pages to customize their visual representation based on the medium used to interact with them. Although it is a well-used tool in web development, it is relatively unexplored from a technical, aesthetic and functional perspective. The goal of this thesis is to improve the situation by exploring the possibilities and limitations of responsive web design in relation to the above perspectives. To achieve this, common definitions of this approach were collected, together with an implementation of a responsive product. To give structure to the analysis, the development process followed the Double Diamond approach together with two experiential qualities, fluidity and naturality. By using media queries together with scalable units in the implementation, a fully responsive portfolio website was created. The creation of the product gave room for understanding possibilities and limitations of responsive web design. The encountered problems in this thesis, such as detecting different types of devices, concludes that responsive web design is yet not a fully developed approach and contains problems that limit the implementation.

This paper describes a usability study of a responsive website prototype. A heuristic evaluation was conducted with three evaluators with a background in HCI, and user tests with four potential users were conducted as a control method to test the relevance of the heuristic evaluation result. The study showed that the website prototype failed the visibility of system status, user control and freedom and error prevention heuristics in the heuristic evaluation. However, the users responses contradict that result by showing that the users had no problems with those areas in the user tests. In fact, the users detected no usability problems at all. This could mean that those heuristics are not relevant for a responsive Web 2.0 site and needs to be removed when conducting a heuristic evaluation of a responsive website in the future, and that designing for responsiveness leads to higher usability. This study shows some indications but more testing needs to be done, preferably on several fully developed responsive websites, to be able to make any real conclusions about the usability of a responsive website and the relevance of the heuristics used in this study.