Submitted by Bruno Leão Medeiros (brunoleao@fgvmail.br) on 2012-03-23T14:11:48Z No. of bitstreams: 1 brunoleao dissertaçao.pdf: 37326820 bytes, checksum: 7012af56a76ecc2aa0183aa275f56eb5 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Andrea Virginio Machado (andrea.machado@fgv.br) on 2012-03-23T17:05:04Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 brunoleao dissertaçao.pdf: 37326820 bytes, checksum: 7012af56a76ecc2aa0183aa275f56eb5 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2012-03-28T13:30:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 brunoleao dissertaçao.pdf: 37326820 bytes, checksum: 7012af56a76ecc2aa0183aa275f56eb5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-07-29 / This paper provides new information about inter-industry wage di§erentials in Brazil. Using data from the National Survey Sample of Households, we can see that from 1983 to 1995 the relative average wage of the service sector compared to the goods sector decreased, whereas from 1995 to 2007 it increased at a higher level than the previous decrease. After controlling for a variety of work characteristics, we can still see the positive evolution of rel- ative ages in the service sector. We conclude that this development has some explanations: the period of economic growth and stabilization that started after 1994 generated a positive income e§ect, and the service sector beneÖted more from it. Also, the structural transfor- mation that the developed countries already went through still hasn¥t Önished in Brazil. That probably helped improving relative wages in the service sector and it¥s expected the continuation of this process, so as the structural transformation evolves inter-industry wage di§erentials will converge. / Este artigo fornece novas informações sobre os diferenciais de salário inter-indústria no Brasil. Usando dados da Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domicílios (PN AD), podemos ver que de 1983 a 1995 o salário médio relativo do setor de serviços diminuiu em comparação ao setor de bens, enquanto que no período de 1995-2007 aumentou a um nível superior à redução anterior. Após controlar por uma variedade de características do trabalho, ainda podemos ver a evolução positiva do salário relativo no setor de serviços. Conc1uimos que este desenvolvimento tem algumas explicações: o período de crescimento econômico e estabilização que se iniciou após 1994 gerou um efeito renda positivo, e o setor de serviços beneficiou-se mais com isso que outros setores. Além disso, a transformação estrutural pela qual os países desenvolvidos já passaram ainda não terminou no Brasil. Isso provavelmente ajudou a melhorar os salários relativos no setor de serviços. Como ê esperado que esse processo continue, a evoluçao do processo de transformação estrutural deve fazer com que os diferenciais de salários inter-indústria convirjam.

The dissertation examines catching up in labor productivity across countries and across US states. It also studies the role of financial development and inflow of foreign direct investment (FDI) on labor productivity and structural change. Chapter one studies unconditional convergence in labor productivity in cross section of countries. Using disaggregated service sector data for 101 countries, we find unconditional convergence in labor productivity for the service sector. The aggregate service sector yields a large unconditional convergence coefficient of -0.028, while for individual sub-sectors we find a similar presence of unconditional convergence. Since the service sector, as part of the "modern" sector now also faces international competition, unconditional convergence in labor productivity in this sector is not totally unwarranted. Given Rodrik's recent findings of unconditional convergence in labor productivity in the manufacturing sector (2013) and the observed failure of unconditional convergence of per capita GDP, our findings of unconditional convergence in the service sector suggest that we need to look carefully at methodological issues such as "aggregation bias" and the huge divergence of other sectors such as the agricultural sector as a potential solution to this anomaly. In chapter two, we investigate secoral unconditional convergence in labor productivity in the US sates using two series of data sets for the period 1987-1997 and 1998-2013. We have found evidence for catching up in labor productivity in the US states for the majority sectors. There is no evidence for unconditional convergence for the mining sector in 1-digit classification for 1980-1997 and manufacturing and utilities sectors in 2-digit classification for the recent data (1998-2013). The aggregate per capita GDP convergence test shows evidence for convergence for the 1980-1997 data but no evidence for convergence in the recent data consistent with the existing literature. The same factors that were considered responsible for regional convergence in the US, such as migration and falling cost of education, could work in the opposite direction to cause divergence in per capita income in recent years. Chapter three considers the relationship between financial development, inflow of foreign direct investment, labor productivity and structural change variables for 41 countries in Groningen Growth and Development 10-sector database for the period 1971-2012 using panel-VAR methodology. The effect of financial development on total labor productivity and employment share in sectors depend on the income level and geographical locations. We find that financial development has a significantly positive effect on total labor productivity of high income European countries, the United States, and for middle income Latin American counties. We do not find evidence for the positive effect of financial development on labor productivity for low income and middle income countries except for Latin American countries. The result does not show a significant effect of financial development on sectoral employment and value added shares. Inflow of FDI has a statistically significant negative effect on employment share of agriculture in middle income countries, and positive effect on the employment share of the manufacturing sector in middle income Asian countries.

Submitted by Erika Demachki (erikademachki@gmail.com) on 2017-05-15T19:55:50Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - Tathiana Rodrigues Salgado - 2017.pdf: 13159124 bytes, checksum: 250b760bf36ab32d0d2c4686ae2835d4 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2017-05-16T12:08:26Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - Tathiana Rodrigues Salgado - 2017.pdf: 13159124 bytes, checksum: 250b760bf36ab32d0d2c4686ae2835d4 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-16T12:08:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - Tathiana Rodrigues Salgado - 2017.pdf: 13159124 bytes, checksum: 250b760bf36ab32d0d2c4686ae2835d4 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-04-28 / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Goiás - FAPEG / Since the 1970s, the service sector has been the most significant economic activity in the composition of the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and in the generation of formal jobs in the state of Goiás. Besides the economic importance, the strong tendency towards the spatial concentration of the activities that are part of the services sector contributed to the recognition of a research problem. Considering this, we propose to conduct a geographical study on the services sector in Goiás. The research aims to recognize the patterns of distribution of tertiary activities and the spatial implications of this ordering. Our hypothesis is that the distribution of the activities of this economic domain is fundamental determinant in the regional hierarchy of Goiás. To reach this objective and verify the hypothesis, we used methodological procedures such as bibliographic review, secondary data collection and information mapping. The research can be defined as a descriptive study of statistical character and spatial analysis. As our objective is to analyze the evolutionary process of the spatial distribution of services, the time limit covers more specifically the period from 1940 to 2015, and includes a historical digression on the genesis of the industry in Goiás. In this way, the spatialization of services was divided into two distinct moments: the first, called past urbanization, covers the period from 1940 to the end of the 1980s; the second term, known as recent urbanization, covers 1990 to 2015. This temporal limit allowed us to understand the current organization of the service sector in the state, which would not be possible if we adopted only more recent time limits. In the end, this research demonstrates how the distribution of service sector activities defined the current structure of the state urban network. / O setor de serviços é, desde a década de 1970, o conjunto de atividades econômicas mais expressivo em termos de composição do Produto Interno Bruto (PIB) e geração de empregos formais no estado de Goiás. Além da importância econômica, a constatação da forte tendência à concentração espacial das atividades que compõem o setor contribuiu para o reconhecimento de uma problemática de pesquisa. A partir dessas considerações, delineou-se a proposta de realizar um estudo geográfico sobre o setor de serviços em Goiás. Nesse sentido, a pesquisa foi desenvolvida com o objetivo de reconhecer os padrões de distribuição das atividades terciárias e as implicações espaciais desse ordenamento. Nossa tese central foi de que a distribuição das atividades desse domínio econômico é a determinante fundamental da hierarquia dos centros na rede urbana goiana. Para atingir o objetivo proposto e verificar a tese, a investigação reuniu procedimentos metodológicos como a revisão bibliográfica, a coleta de dados secundários e o mapeamento das informações. Como nosso objetivo foi o de abordar o processo evolutivo da espacialização dos serviços, o recorte temporal, além de incluir uma digressão histórica sobre a gênese do setor em Goiás, abrange mais especificamente o período de 1940 a 2015. Nesse sentido, a espacialização dos serviços foi dividida em dois momentos distintos: o primeiro, denominado de urbanização pretérita, abrange de 1940 até o final da década de 1980; o segundo denominado de urbanização recente, abrange de 1990 até o ano de 2015. Tal recorte temporal permitiu entender a atual organização do setor de serviços no estado, o que não seria possível se adotássemos apenas recortes temporais mais recentes. Portanto, o trabalho pode ser definido com um estudo descritivo de caráter estatístico e de análise espaço-temporal. Ao final, este trabalho demonstra como a distribuição das atividades do setor de serviços definiu a atual estrutura da rede urbana estadual.

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2016-05-05T18:42:54Z No. of bitstreams: 1 veronicalazarinicardoso.pdf: 8026321 bytes, checksum: 2e371680119b822066d42502bfb4eb6e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2016-06-07T15:42:29Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 veronicalazarinicardoso.pdf: 8026321 bytes, checksum: 2e371680119b822066d42502bfb4eb6e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-07T15:42:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 veronicalazarinicardoso.pdf: 8026321 bytes, checksum: 2e371680119b822066d42502bfb4eb6e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-07-03 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / A aceleração do crescimento do setor de serviços vem sendo uma característica do padrão de crescimento mundial. Acompanhando este padrão, no Brasil, é possível apontar para um movimento no sentido de uma “economia de serviços”. Contudo, assim como o desenvolvimento regional não é uniforme em todo território nacional, o desenvolvimento do setor de serviços também não o é. Assim sendo, o presente trabalho estuda o setor de serviços levando em conta as características espaciais e estruturais do mesmo. O objetivo central é dividido em quatro partes: 1) estabelecer uma hierarquia funcional inter-regional e entender a influência dos serviços no processo de polarização urbana brasileira; 2) entender e mapear a estrutura produtiva dos setores de serviço no Brasil a partir da hierarquia construída; 3) analisar a relação entre o setor industrial e de serviço; 4) estudar o processo de crescimento dos setores de serviços a partir dos condicionantes aglomerativos que influenciam nesse processo. O trabalho lançou mão de dados de 1995 e 2011 para os municípios brasileiros, agregados pelas AMC 91, referentes a 23 setores de serviços e utilizou uma série de estratégias metodológicas para atingir os objetivos. Começando com uma metodologia de regionalização, passando pela análise da estrutura produtiva e de renda dos setores de serviços a partir de variáveis que caracterizam as economias de aglomeração, e finalizando com um modelo econométrico espacial que visa entender a relação destas variáveis com o crescimento dos setores de serviços, considerando a dependência espacial do processo. Os resultados apontam que a configuração regional brasileira, no que diz respeito a capacidade de polarização a partir do setor de serviços não sofreu alterações muito expressivas. As atividades de serviços continuam concentradas nos mesmos grandes polos que há 20 anos, e esses polos polarizam regiões que também sofreram poucas alterações. É possível observar um padrão espacial da distribuição dos setores de serviços no sentido Norte-Sul. O Sul concentra a maior parte da atividade do setor, apresentando maior diversidade, assim como maior grau de competitividade e maiores economias de escala. Já o eixo Norte do país apresenta menor diversificação de serviços e uma forte especialização do setor 75 – Administração Pública, denotando uma carência de atividade econômica nessa região. Foi possível também notar que a aglomeração e escala populacional contribuem para o desenvolvimento do setor de serviços, assim como a correlação entre a atividade industrial e a atividade de serviços é vi observada. Pode-se também apontar que apesar da grande heterogeneidade entre os setores de serviços, com relação a localização, não há grandes diferenças na hierarquia urbana brasileira. Por fim, o modelo de crescimento baseado na estrutura produtiva entre os anos de 1995 e 2011, foi possível observar que na maioria dos setores, a dependência espacial se mostra na forma de erro espacialmente dependente. Os resultados das regressões permitem ver que as economias de localização não têm grande influência no crescimento dos setores, ao contrário a competição local, mostrou-se significativa no período de 1995 a 2011. Com relação às economias de urbanização, não houve um padrão homogêneo entre os setores. Fica de contribuição desse trabalho o estudo da localização e seus condicionais dos setores de serviços no brasil, de forma bastante desagregada tanto no nível regional quanto setorial. A partir dele é possível reafirmar o padrão de desenvolvimento regional brasileiro e seus entraves, com a nítida concentração das atividades econômicas nas regiões mais desenvolvidas do país e o agravamento das barreiras de evolução daquelas mais atrasadas. / The acceleration of growth in the services sector has been a characteristic of the model of global growth. Following this pattern, in Brazil, it is possible to see a move towards a "service economy". However, as regional development is not uniform throughout the country, the development of the service sector also is not. Thus, this paper studies the service sector considering the spatial and structural characteristics. The main objective is divided into four parts: 1) establish a functional interregional hierarchy and understand the influence of the services in the Brazilian urban polarization process; 2) understand and map the productive structure of the service sectors in Brazil from the constructed hierarchy; 3) analyze the relationship between the industrial and service sector; 4) to study the growth process of services sectors from the agglomerative constraints that influence this process. The study used data from 1995 and 2011 for municipalities, aggregated by AMC 91, referring to 23 service sectors and utilized a methodological strategies to achieve the goals. Starting with a regionalization methodology, through the analysis of production structure and income of the service sectors from variables that characterize the economies of agglomeration, and ending with a spatial econometric model that aims to understand the relationship of these variables with the growth of sectors services, considering the spatial dependence of the process. The results indicate that the Brazilian regional setting, as regards the ability of polarization from the service sector has not undergone very significant changes. Service activities remain concentrated in the same large pole 20 years ago, and these poles polarized regions that also have changed a little. You can observe a spatial pattern of distribution of services sectors in the North-South direction. The South has the largest part of the sector activity, with higher diversity and greater degree of competitiveness and greater economies of scale. Already the North axis of the country has less diversification of services and a strong concentration of the sector 75 - Public Administration, denoting a lack of economic activity in this region. It was also possible to note that the clustering and population scale contribute to the development of the service sector as well as the correlation between industrial activity and service activity is observed. One can also point out that despite the great heterogeneity among the service sectors, with respect to location, there are no major differences in the country's urban hierarchy. viii Finally, the model of growth based on the production structure between the years 1995 and 2011, it was observed that in most sectors, the spatial dependence is shown in the form of spatially dependent error. The results of the regressions allow to see that the location economies have no great influence on the growth of sectors, unlike the local competition was significant in the period 1995-2011. Regarding economies of urbanization, there wasn’t a homogeneous pattern between sectors. Contribution of this work is the study of the location of services sectors in Brazil, quite disaggregated in the regional and sectoral level. From this, it is possible to restate the standard of Brazilian regional development and its obstacles, with clear concentration of economic activities in the more developed regions of the country and aggravation of barriers of evolution of those later.

Small and medium enterprises (SMEs) and the service sector have gained highly important roles in the strive for growth and economic welfare. World economy changes creates both international business opportunities and pressure for small and medium enterprises to internationalise. International market selection (IMS) is considered the most vital decision when creating an internationalisation strategy. Nevertheless, the lack of both research attention and empirical insights has created a knowledge gap. Investigate how Swedish SMEs in the knowledge-intensive service sector perform their IMS. By answering the research question, this study will contribute to greater understanding in both theory and practice. The purpose is to add to theory in the field as well as contribute with an additional IMS model for this specific firm type. Through examination of previous research, three main approaches to IMS have been identified: systematic, non-systematic and relationship. The research was assessed through a qualitative design, using semi- structured interviews with five representatives from different companies. The results demonstrates the importance of maintaining and creating relationships for the IMS-process. Combining previous research, insights from practitioners and empirical findings, a size and industry specific IMS- model was developed named the Boarding Step Model.

While it cannot be questioned that we live in an era of unprecedented, often conflicting and turbulent changes, which, alongside their outcomes, are commonly referred to as “globalisation”, some processes of economic globalisation still remain largely under-researched both in sectoral and geographical terms. Conducted from the perspective of economic geography, this thesis addresses two significant research lacunae in economic geography – one sectoral (the hotel industry) and one geographical (Central and Eastern Europe). The paucity of research on services in general and tourism and the hotel sector in particular (the sectoral gap) is especially pronounced with regard to the CEE region (the geographical gap). Meanwhile, the globalisation of the service sector which, further to the collapse of the communist system in 1989, has also embraced CEE is seen to have a growing impact on the (re)integration of the CEE countries into the global economy. Concurrently, the importance of the CEE market in the globalisation of services is also constantly increasing. Thus, as the first systematic study of the international hotel sector in the CEE region, the thesis makes an important contribution to the understanding of the globalisation of the hotel industry (and the globalisation of the service sector) both in theoretical and empirical terms. The thesis focuses on the spatial expansion of international hotel groups into Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) after 1989 and its main objective is to describe and explain the interactions between different forms of corporate development of international hotel groups and the processes of regional growth in different institutional contexts in CEE. The thesis is mainly qualitative. It is based on two intersecting comparative case studies – one organisational (all hotel groups from the world’s Top 50 that are present in CEE, i.e. 23 groups) and one territorial (three CEE countries – Poland, Estonia and Bulgaria). Grounded in the global production networks (GPN) perspective (Henderson et al 2002), the thesis investigates what can be called two “dimensions” of globalisation of the hotel industry (Coe and Ward 2007). Thus, apart from exploring the geographical expansion of international hotel groups into CEE (the horizontal dimension) the thesis also focuses upon the embeddedness of hotel groups in the variety of socio-political and institutional contexts currently emerging in CEE in place of state socialism (the vertical dimension). With regard to the horizontal dimension, the thesis argues that the spatial distribution of international hotels in CEE is shaped by two sets of factors – hotel groups’ strategies of expansion and the varying opportunities for the hotel sector development that different markets in CEE can offer. With regard to the vertical dimension, in turn, it is contended that the degree to which each economic, political or social characteristic of a given post-communist context influences the expansion of hotel groups hinges upon the business model preferred by the hotel group. By the same token, the degree to which the group can foster regional growth in a given territory hinges upon the level of embeddedness of the group in that territory which, in turn, is reflective of the business model employed by the hotel group with regard to a given hotel.

The global ICT revolution is adding a new stream of waste, known as electronic waste or ‘e-waste’: electrical and electronic equipment that has ceased to be of value to its owners. The recyclability of e-waste together with the presence of pollutants poses a waste management challenge. Developed countries have systems in place to address this challenge, but developing countries have only recently recognised the need to develop appropriate systems for e-waste management. ICT consumers are key stakeholders in e-waste: it is they who decide whether and when an item is e-waste, and they form the link between producers and recyclers. Yet not much attention has been paid to their role. The limited research to date has focused on household consumers in developed countries, leaving a knowledge gap around bulk, organisational consumers in developing countries, despite their often being the largest single contributor to e-waste. Acknowledging the growing challenge of e-waste management in developing countries and lack of research on bulk consumer response to this challenge, the present research aimed to understand e-waste material flows, management strategies and determinants relating to bulk consumers of IT in India. It focused on bulk consumers in India’s IT service sector because that sector depends on electronic equipment for its operation and has been recognised to generate nearly 30% of the total e-waste in the country. The data for this research was collected between 2010 and 2011, at a time when preparations were underway for implementation of separate e-waste regulations in the country. Therefore, the findings of the research here draw attention to the practice for e-waste management in India before implementation of the new regulations. In order to achieve the overall aims, a qualitative research approach based on multiple case studies was adopted. In all, 20 IT service organisations belonging to three different groups based on size namely, very large (VL), large (L) and small and medium (SM) were studied via multiple semi-structured interviews, direct observations and document analysis. Further source triangulation was achieved through interviews with representatives from other stakeholder groups: IT equipment producers, formal recyclers, regulators, industry association representatives, and representatives of various national and international organisations working on e-waste management. A complex chain of material flow was identified, involving a significant number of stakeholders. Two further models – of e-waste strategy and e-waste strategy determinants – were developed through literature review and pilot fieldwork, and then verified via the main fieldwork. Three distinct types of e-waste management strategy were observed among the stakeholders. While the VLIT organisations and IT producers exhibited a proactive approach to e-waste management, the LIT organisations and formal recyclers exhibited a reactive approach to its management. The SMIT organisations ignored the challenge of e-waste and were indifferent to the management of generated e-waste. Various external (regulation, clients, peer pressure, brand and corporate reputation) and internal (corporate culture and leadership, financial benefits and corporate social responsibility) factors were found to play a role in determining the different types of e-waste management practiced by the stakeholders. Except for direct financial benefits all the identified factors had a strong determining role in the proactive approach to e-waste management. The reactive approach was chiefly driven by regulation and financial benefits associated with e-waste management. The indifferent approach was driven only by the financial benefits associated with disposal of e-waste. A key determinant that was shaping the factors among the IT bulk consumers was institutional pressures mainly driven by the requirement of some clients for green practices; that requirement itself deriving from the nature of the value chains within which consumer organisations were located. Alongside the determinants, a set of enabling factors was identified (awareness, environmental management systems, and access and availability of formal recyclers) which helped explain the implementation of e-waste management practices. When the levels of these enablers were high the implementation of organisational e-waste management was proactive and when they were low, the approach to e-waste management was reactive. These enablers were absent in the organisations that were indifferent to e-waste management. From these findings, various challenges in the current system for e-waste management could be identified including: value expectation at the time of disposal of e-waste; patchy awareness about e-waste; lack of collection mechanisms; and regulatory shortcomings. Recommendations have been made about opportunities to incentivise and facilitate collection, enhance awareness, and offer regulatory support.

Dans l’air intérieur, de nombreux composés organiques volatils sont présents, parmi lesquels le formaldéhyde, composé cancérogène. Sa présence dans l’air intérieur s’explique par son utilisation abondante dans les matériaux d’ameublement et de décoration. L’objectif est de concevoir un procédé d’épuration, propre, sûr et capable d’éliminer le formaldéhyde de l’air intérieur. Le choix s’est tourné vers un épurateur d’air autonome. Afin de protéger les utilisateurs, le dispositif doit piéger et dégrader complètement les polluants de l’air sans émettre de sous-produits. L’absorption a été choisie comme méthode de piégeage et la photocatalyse comme technique de dégradation. L’épurateur pilote couplant absorption et photocatalyse a été testé en laboratoire et un modèle a été construit pour prédire son efficacité à dégrader en continu le formaldéhyde. L’épurateur dimensionné pour une situation réelle se révèle avoir un encombrement réduit, compatible avec son installation dans un bureau / In indoor air, many volatile organic compounds are present, including formaldehyde. The presence of this carcinogenic compound in indoor air is due to its abundant use in furniture and decoration materials. The objective of this work is to design a purification device, clean, safe and capable of removing formaldehyde from indoor air. The choice turned to a stand-alone air purifier. To protect users, the device must trap and completely degrade air pollutants without emitting by-products. Absorption was chosen as trapping method and photocatalysis as degradation technique. The cleaner coupling absorption and photocatalysis has been tested in the laboratory and a model was built to predict its efficiency to continuously degrade formaldehyde. The purifier designed for a real situation appears to have a small volume. An efficient, compact, quiet and attractively designed device is an advantage for this air purification solution is accepted and adopted by users

China has blossomed from going from one of the poorest economies to a financial leader. The private consumption in China has grown 8,3% annually the last two decades. The dining out expenditures have grown 10,2%, and is an exciting market for foreign entrepreneurs to establish themselves in. Previous research has suggested that foreign Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises should join forces with a Chinese counterpart in order to get access to market experience and network contacts, in order to succeed in the Chinese market (Wilson and Brennan, 2003). Deng (2001) claims that the most popular investment vehicle Wholly Foreign Owned Enterprise increases in popularity among all company sizes.   This dissertation aims to investigate to which extent MSME foreign entrepreneurs use networking and guanxi, depending on ownership registration. A qualitative research method was used with an abductive approach and an interpretivist research philosophy to explore this phenomenon. The results of this thesis show that foreign entrepreneurs can start up successfully both as WFOEs and JVs. WFOEs and JVs share many of the same contacts, but networking activities and usage of guanxi has some influencing factors. The Registration Status of company influence strategic networking decisions, the perception and expectation of the nature and benefits of guanxi and perceived necessity of gift giving also affected the networking activities.  JV owners perceive guanxi contacts to be necessary to succeed in China and finds cultivation and utilization of it to be beneficial.  Entrepreneurs who establish Wholly Foreign Owned Enterprises both use and have a more “Western” approach to social networking, and almost exclusively don’t have guanxi contacts. The Investment Vehicle Network Scheme shows that JVs have more complex networks than WFOE, since they receive Chinese guanxi and networking contacts through their partners. The Guanxi Network Ownership Model shows the network intensity during the startup phases of the companies. The research also indicates that guanxi smoothens out the start-up process for the entrepreneurs who enter JVs.

Studien bidrar till en fördjupad förståelse rörande delkomponenterna inom dimensionerna samt varför hantering av intellektuellt kapital är av vikt inom tjänstesektorn. Genom den presenterade teorisyntesen går det att påvisa att en hantering av intellektuellt kapital i stort bidrar till synergieffekter inom delkomponenterna som i sig bidrar till framgång inom företaget. Vi vill även lyfta fram det teoretiska bidrag som presenterats där vi anser att ett större fokus bör läggas på att lyfta fram vikten hos dimensionen strukturellt kapital och dess delkomponenter för en användning som styrningsverktyg i kontext med resterande dimensioner. / The study contributes to a deeper understanding of the subcomponents within the dimensions including why management of intellectual capital is important in the service sector. Through the presented theory synthesis, it is demonstrated that management of intellectual capital contributes largely to synergy effects within the subcomponents, which in itself contributes to success within the company. We also want to highlight the theoretical contribution presented in which we feel that a greater focus should be placed on highlighting the importance of the dimensions within structural capital and its subcomponents for the use as a management tool in context with the remaining dimensions.