Seleção de serviços em composições distribuídas considera principalmente a qualidade de serviço que atenda requisitos estabelecidos pelo usuário, como por exemplo, preço. No entanto, problemas relacionados a execução de composições de serviços podem ocorrer quando não se considera aspectos relacionados à rede e ao hardware, que afetam diretamente o desempenho da composição. Esse problema se agrava em composições coreografadas, pois a característica descentralizada requer um maior esforço para que essas informações possam ser consideradas em uma perspectiva global. Dessa forma, apesar da descentralização apresentar vantagens, é necessário que requisitos de qualidade de serviço da composição também sejam considerados em coreografias de serviços web para que a escolha de serviços para desempenhar um papel leve em consideração parâmetros importantes que podem afetar no desempenho da composição. Este trabalho apresenta um mecanismo, implementado sobre o framework OpenKnowledge, para selecionar serviços web em ambientes coreografados considerando primeiramente estimativas de atraso, taxa de perda e por fim considera a utilização de outros parâmetros, como utilização de CPU. Os primeiros experimentos em diferentes cenários de rede confirmaram as vantagens da proposta em relação a um seletor de serviços que ignora aspectos relacionados com a rede. Obteve-se ganhos de 20 a 97% no que diz respeito ao tempo total da execução da coreografia. Em seguida, experimentos inserindo utilização de CPU na escolha dos serviços confirmaram as vantagens de utilização de diferentes parâmetros para seleção de serviços em coreografias. / Selection of services in distributed compositions mainly considers the quality of service that meets requirements set by the user, such as price. However, problems related to the execution of service compositions may occur when aspects related to network and hardware, which directly affect the performance of the composition, are not taken in consideration. This problem is aggravated in choreographed compositions because the decentralized feature requires a greater effort so that this information may be considered in a global perspective. Thus, despite the decentralization advantages, it is necessary that the service quality requirements of the composition may also be considered in the choreography of web services so that the choice of services may play a role that takes into account important parameters, which can affect the performance of the composition. This dissertation presents a mechanism, implemented on the OpenKnowledge framework, to select web services in choreographed environments. First, considering delay estimates, loss rate and finally the use of other parameters, such as CPU utilization. The first experiments on different network scenarios confirmed the proposal advantages in relation to a selection mechanism that bypasses aspects of the network. It was obtained gains from 20% to 97% considering the total time of execution of the choreography. Then, experiments inserting CPU utilization in the choice of services confirmed the advantages of using different parameters for selection of services in choreography.

Le processus de composition des services Web joue un rôle important dans la réalisation des architectures orientées services (SOA). Dans les environnements dynamiques dans lesquels des informations con-textuelles changent souvent, le processus de composition est souvent affec-té pendant les phases de conception et d’exécution. Ce processus devrait par conséquence être en mesure de s'adapter aux changements en temps de conception et exécution. A présent, les architectures orientées services et les mécanismes automatiques de composition de services Web ne parviennent pas à faire face aux changements continus et imprévisibles. Construire des architectures orientées services qui s'adaptent aux changements dans des environnements dynamiques révèle un défi pour les processus de com-position de services Web. En outre, les processus de composition actuelles offrent un support limité pour les utilisateurs professionnels de spécifier leurs exigences métier afin générer automatiquement les processus métiers (services Web composites). Par cela, l'écart entre les exigences fonction-nelles et non-fonctionnelles au niveau métier et les exigences techniques liées aux mécanismes de composition de services Web augmentent la com-plexité du développement d'applications ou de processus métier adaptés aux environnements dynamiques. Pour remédier à ces défis, nous introduisons le concept de rési-lience appliqué à l'informatique orientée services (nommé SOC résilient) afin de construire des applications et processus métier dynamiques en res-pectant les exigences métier dans des environnements dynamiques. La SOA résilient est conçue comme un ensemble de modèles qui affectent, et sont affectées par, d’autres modèles. Dans cette thèse, nos contributions, qui se concentrent en particulier sur le modèle d’exigence de composition et le modèle de composition des services Web, composent trois parties princi-pales: tout d'abord le modèle de d’exigence est modélisé aux trois niveaux, i.e., métier, capacité, et règle. Particulièrement, le modèle de d’exigence métier offre aux utilisateurs un langage structuré à base de langage naturelle pour spécifier les processus métier; d'autre part, un processus de trans-formation dérive par transformation un modèle d’exigence de composition à base de règles. Chaque règle représente un ensemble de contraintes multi-objectives concernant différentes variables liées au processus de composi-tion et à son environnement dynamique. Troisièmement, une approche ad-hoc de composition des services Web a été développée pour construire de services composites sans plans de composition prédéfinis dans des environ-nements dynamiques. L’approche de transformation de modèle-à-modèle génère les règles qui sont récursivement utilisées pour modifier ces modèles et ensuite replanifiés une composition ad-hoc de services Web. / Due to the distributed and asynchronous nature of Web services, the Web service composition process plays an important role in achieving SOC. In dynamic environments by which contextual information such as Web service properties and composition requirements often change, the composition process is thus affected and, consequently, should be able to adapt composite applications to changes at design time and runtime. Un-fortunately, current Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA) and Web service composition approaches lack of the ability to deal with continuous and un-predictable changes. Building resilient service-oriented architectures that are adaptable to endogenous and exogenous changes in dynamic environments reveal a drastic challenge to current composition processes. In addition, current composition processes provide a limited support for business users to specify their requirements in business languages to automatically compose business processes (i.e., composite services). By such, the gap be-tween business requirements and composition requirements related to Web services increases the complexity of developing adaptable SOA-based ap-plications and processes in dynamic environments. To overcome these challenges, we introduce the concept of Resili-ent Service-Oriented Computing (rSOC) to construct resilient SOA-based applications driven by business requirements in dynamic environments. To this end, the resilient SOA is defined as a set of models that affect and are affected by each other, and relies on a model-to-model transformation ap-proach to ensure SOA adaptability and evolution. In this thesis, we particu-larly focus on two models: a three-level composition requirement model and a Web service composition model, to establish the foundation for a re-silient SOA as follows: firstly, composition requirements are modeled in three levels, i.e., business-centric, capability-focused and rule-driven. Par-ticularly the business-centric requirement model provides business users with a structured natural language to specify requirements; secondly, a two-phase requirement transformation process builds the rule-driven Web ser-vice composition requirement model from the business-centric requirement model as set of composition rules, expressing multi-objective constraints that affect the composition process and its dynamic environment; thirdly, an ad-hoc Web service composition approach is introduced to flexibly con-struct composite services without predefined composition plans. Particularly, composition rules generated in composition process may affect other model(s) in the resilient SOA, such as composition requirement model, and recursively invoke the model-to-model transformation approach to replan the ad-hoc Web service composition approach.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-17T14:52:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Carlos Roberto Baluz Almeida.pdf: 871522 bytes, checksum: 977790536a9b751306209d20d7242a1e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2004-12-17 / The ICS (Intelligent Commerce System), a developing project of the Intelligent Systems Lab (LSI) at Federal University of Maranhão (UFMA), under Prof. Dr. Sofiane Labidi´s supervision, is a project that has the objective of develop an Electronic Commerce System, in the B2B (Business to Business) category, effectively intelligent. It is based in the technology of intelligent mobile agents and has five phases in its life cycle: User Modeling, Matchmaking, Negotiation, Contract Formation and Contract Fulfillment. The Matchmaking is the process in which agents that represent traders (buyers and sellers), that are interested in the exchange of economic values, are put in touch with their potential business counterparts. The enrichment of the matchmaking process is the main focus of this work. Nowadays in the ICS, the matchmaking process only matches simple services. Our contribution is to enrich the actual matchmaking process allowing the composition of services, that is, simple services can add its capacities and form complex services with the goal to return a greater number of positive responses. To do this, we use ontologies allied to AI planning techniques to provide the discovery of complementary services and the posterior composition of them to elaborate more complex services. / O ICS (Intelligent Commerce System), projeto atualmente em desenvolvimento no Laboratório de Sistemas Inteligentes (LSI) na Universidade Federal do Maranhão (UFMA) sob a orientação do Prof. Dr. Sofiane Labidi, é um projeto que tem como objetivo desenvolver um Sistema de Comércio Eletrônico, na categoria B2B, efetivamente Inteligente. Ele é baseado na tecnologia de agentes móveis inteligentes e possui cinco fases no seu ciclo de vida: Modelagem do Usuário, Matchmaking, Negociação, Formação de Contrato e Cumprimento do Contrato. O Matchmaking é o processo no qual agentes representando negociantes (compradores e vendedores), que possuem interesse na troca de valores econômicos, são colocados em contato com seus potenciais parceiros de negócios. O enriquecimento do processo de matchmaking é o foco principal deste trabalho. Atualmente no ICS o processo de matchmaking somente emparceira serviços simples. Nossa contribuição é enriquecer o processo de matching atualmente em uso no ICS permitindo a composição de serviços, ou seja, serviços simples somam suas capacidades e formam serviços complexos com a finalidade de retornar maior número de respostas positivas. Para isso utilizamos ontologias aliadas às técnicas de planejamento automático para proporcionar a descoberta de serviços complementares e posterior composição dos mesmos para elaboração de serviços mais complexos.

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2017-10-23T17:43:12Z No. of bitstreams: 1 phillipeisraelmarques.pdf: 8922079 bytes, checksum: 6a86d6e40e9d80c77e61a71e2c42f8e5 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2017-11-09T13:52:35Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 phillipeisraelmarques.pdf: 8922079 bytes, checksum: 6a86d6e40e9d80c77e61a71e2c42f8e5 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-11-09T13:52:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 phillipeisraelmarques.pdf: 8922079 bytes, checksum: 6a86d6e40e9d80c77e61a71e2c42f8e5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-08-23 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / A área de e-Science envolve a realização de experimentos científicos complexos, normalmente apoiados por workflows. Esses experimentos geralmente utilizam dados e recursos distribuídos, e podem ser apoiados por uma plataforma de ecossistema de software científico. Neste contexto, é necessário permitir que diferentes serviços web possam ser compostos, reutilizados, além de interoperarem na plataforma para tratar das complexidades dos experimentos. Entretanto, compor serviços em plataformas de ecossistemas é uma atividade complexa, considerando, sobretudo, os requisitos funcionais e não funcionais desses serviços. Diante disso, o objetivo deste trabalho é apresentar um mecanismo que busca apoiar a composição de serviços no contexto de um ecossistema de software científico. Para tanto, esse mecanismo é associado ao processo de criação de serviços da plataforma de ecossistema de software científico. Oferece elementos de visualização para representar os relacionamentos de dependência funcional e interoperabilidade entre os serviços. Além disso, utiliza a análise de redes sociais científicas para identificar potenciais colaboradores. Os pesquisadores identificados poderão interagir com o auxílio das visualizações existentes, no espaço de trabalho compartilhado, para avaliar as composições. Essa plataforma, denominada E-SECO, apoia as diferentes fases do ciclo de vida de um experimento científico. A partir desse mecanismo, cientistas interagem e analisam as relações entre serviços nas composições realizadas considerando, sobretudo, as métricas de dependência funcional e a interoperabilidade entre os serviços existentes em diferentes instâncias da plataforma. Visando avaliar o mecanismo para apoiar a composição de serviços, foram realizados estudos de caso na plataforma E-SECO. / The area of e-Science encompasses performing complex scientific experiments, usually supported by workflows. These experiments generally use distributed data and resources, and can be supported by a scientific software ecosystem platform. In this context, it is necessary to allow different web services to be composed, reused, and interoperate in the platform to deal with the complexities of the experiments. However, performing services composition on ecosystem platform is a complex activity which requires computational support, considering, above all, the functional and non-functional requirements of these services. Therefore, the goal of this work is to present a mechanism that aims to support services composition in scientific software ecosystem context. To this end, this mechanism is associated to the service construction process of the scientific software ecosystem platform. It also provides visualization elements to represent functional dependency and interoperability relationships between the services. In addition, it uses scientific social networks analysis to identify potential collaborators. The identified researchers may interact through the visualizations, in the shared workspace, to evaluate the compositions. This platform, named E-SECO, supports different phases of the scientific experiment life cycles. From this mechanism, scientists interact and analyze the relationships between services in compositions which were performed considering, above all, the functional dependency metrics and interoperability issues between existing services in different instances of the platform. In order to evaluate the mechanism to support services composition, case studies were carried out on the E-SECO platform.