With the introduction of a computational design environment, architectural design and representation processes witness a radical transition from the analog to the digital medium, that may be asserted to initiate a paradigm shift affecting both. In this new design environment, extending the instrumentality of computer-aided processes to the generative use of computational tools and procedures, architectural design and representation processes are subject to mutual alterations, challenged with computational design strategies such as parametric design, associative geometry, generative diagrams, scripting and algorithmic procedures. Computational design approaches proceed with the definition of a mathematical model based on the numeric definition of relations and equations, substituting the conventional visual/orthographic representation. This thesis aims to inquire the outcomes of assuming non-visual/numeric representation as a strategy in the therefore redefined process of architectural representation. Through the generative logic embedded in the mathematical model, attention shifts from form to process. This emphasis on process rather than the formal outcome, aids the experimentation of a desired indeterminacy, coming forth in dynamic, non-linear design processes, blurring the boundaries between different phases of design, and of representation. The intentional search for a generative design process liberated from the visual/formal determinism of the conventional design approach, initiates a conscious delay in the definition of form, and thus of visual representation. The thesis discusses the potentials presented by generative mathematical models defined with the aid of computational design tools, and the ways in which they alter and inform architectural design and representation.

The consequence of many psychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders, such as Parkinson's disease and schizophrenia, is an impairment in ‘executive functioning'; an umbrella term for several cognitive processes, including the focussing and shifting of attention and the inhibition of responding. The ability to form an ‘attentional set' involves learning to discriminate qualities of a multidimensional cue, and to subsequently learn which quality is relevant, and therefore predictive of reward. According to recent research, the subthalamic nucleus (STN) and possibly the adjacent zona incerta (ZI) may mediate the formation of attentional set. Dysregulation of the STN as a result of Parkinson's disease contributes to characteristic motor symptoms, and whilst deep-brain stimulation of this region may treat gross motor impairments, it may also impair cognition. The work in this thesis aimed to expand our understanding of the mechanisms of attentional set-formation, and the role of the STN in this process. This thesis evaluates new methods for examining set-formation in the attentional set-shifting task; rather than inferring this behaviour solely from the cost of shifting set, modifications to the task design in Chapters 3 & 4 explored several hypotheses designed to exploit a deficit in this behaviour. Chapter 6 revealed that inhibition of this region with designer receptors leads to a disruption in attentional selectivity, which compromises the ability to form an attentional set. This manifested as an inability to parse relevant information from irrelevant, and instead, animals learned the stimuli holistically. The findings in this thesis also suggested that reversal and attentional shifting processes do not operate independently, but rather in a hierarchy, and that consequently, the STN is a region that may be crucial in selecting appropriate responses during associative learning that leads to the formation of an attentional set.

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No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) gerson_lucas_alves_martins.pdf: 4707935 bytes, checksum: 114ff3651605b976177f3a5469d75bd4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016 / A disponibilidade de ?gua e a sua devida qualidade configuram como fatores essenciais ao desenvolvimento humano, e, por isso, a avalia??o da qualidade da ?gua representa, dentre outras, uma ferramenta eficiente para a gest?o dos recursos h?dricos. O rio Set?bal ? o ?nico rio perene no munic?pio de Jenipapo de Minas, Minas Gerais, Brasil. A constru??o da barragem de Set?bal no munic?pio foi um empreendimento que visou a garantir a perenidade do rio Set?bal e, consequentemente, promover o desenvolvimento socioecon?mico atrav?s do uso da ?gua para a agricultura irrigada. A quantidade de ?gua por si s? n?o ? suficiente para promover o desenvolvimento, ? preciso, ainda, que a ?gua disponibilizada seja garantida com a devida qualidade. Assim, este trabalho objetivou caracterizar a qualidade da ?gua do rio Set?bal utilizando o ?ndice de Qualidade da ?gua (IQA) e os padr?es estabelecidos na Resolu??o do CONAMA 357/2005, bem como analisar os efeitos socioecon?micos decorrentes da maior disponibilidade de recursos h?dricos a partir da constru??o da barragem de Set?bal, no Munic?pio de Jenipapo de Minas - MG. Os dados que atestam um poss?vel desenvolvimento socioecon?mico no munic?pio foram coletados em ?rg?os p?bicos. Para a caracteriza??o da qualidade da ?gua, seis amostras foram coletadas entre junho de 2015 a junho de 2016, em pontos estrat?gicos, sendo analisados os par?metros: potencial hidrogeni?nico (pH), oxig?nio dissolvido (OD), temperatura, demanda bioqu?mica de oxig?nio (DBO), nitrato (NO3-), f?sforo (PO4-3), cloretos, turbidez, s?lidos totais, ferro total, coliformes totais e Escherichia coli. O IQA foi calculado a partir da metodologia proposta pelo Instituo Mineiro de Gest?o das ?guas IGAM. Dos resultados obtidos, concluiu-se que a maior disponibilidade de recursos h?dricos tem fomentado o desenvolvimento da agricultura irrigada com o aumento do n?mero de projetos de irriga??o e a produtividade agr?cola. A ?gua do rio Set?bal, nos pontos de amostragem, apresentou um IQA predominantemente de n?vel m?dio, por?m com algumas vari?veis em desconformidade com a Resolu??o do CONAMA 357/2005, como elevadas concentra??es de ferro e de turbidez, fazendo com que as duas esta??es amostrais ficassem em desacordo com o enquadramento do rio que ? de Classe 2. / Disserta??o (Mestrado Profissional) ? Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Tecnologia, Sa?de e Sociedade, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, 2016. / The water availability and its due quality sets essential factor to the human development, and, therefore, the evaluation of the water quality represents, amongst others, a efficient tool to water resources management. Set?bal river is the only perennial river in the Jenipapo de Minas, Minas Gerais, Brazil. The construction of Setubal Dam in the county was an enterprise that aimed to maintain the Setubal River?s perennial, and, consequently promote the socioeconomic development through the usage of the water for irrigated agriculture. The water quantity by its own, it is not enough to promote development, it must, also, the available water be guarantee with a due quality. Thereby, this work had as objective to characterize Set?bal river waters quality, using the Quality Index Water (QIW) and the patterns settled down in the CONAMA?s 351/2005 Resolution, as well, analyze the socioeconomic effects from the increased availability of water sources from the construction of Set?bal Dam, in the Jenipapo de Minas - MG. The data that shows a possible socioeconomic development in the county was collected in public agencies. To characterize water quality, six samples were collected between 2015 June and 2016 June, in strategic spots, with these parameters being analyzed: hydrogen potential (Hp), Dissolved oxygen (DO), temperature, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), nitrate (NO3-), phosphor (PO4-3), chlorides, turbidity, total solids, total iron, total coliforms and Escherichia coli. The QIW was calculated from the methodology proposed by Instituto Mineiro de Gest?o das ?guas (IGAM). According to the results, it is concluded that the increased availability of water resources has fostered the development of irrigated agriculture with the raise in the numbers of irrigation projects and the agricultural productivity. Set?bal river water, in the sampling points, presented a QIW predominantly middle level, but with some variables in disagreement with the CONAMA?s 351/2005 Resolution, like high iron and turbidity concentrations, what put that two sampling stations in disagreement with the river framework, which is Class 2.

Dans l'industrie du pétrole et des moteurs, les écoulements de fluides non-miscibles sont fréquemment rencontrés : écoulements d'hydrocarbures dans les conduites, séparation en production, injection de carburant dans les moteurs, procédés de raffinage, etc.Pour modéliser ce type d'écoulement, deux approches sont possibles. Soit l'écoulement est décrit de façon macroscopique et les phénomènes locaux (rupture et coalescence des gouttes, glissement des phases, compaction locale, etc.) sont modélisés à l'aide de lois de fermeture analytiques ou empiriques. Soit l'écoulement est modélisé de manière directe à l'échelle de la goutte et on s'attache à décrire précisément l'interface et les interactions entre les phases. C'est cette dernière approche que nous avons proposé d'adopter pour étudier des écoulements à phase dispersée liquide-liquide, et plus particulièrement les phénomènes de rupture et coalescence, collision ou déformation de gouttes. Ainsi, le but principal de ce travail de thèse a été le développement d'un code de simulation numérique directe capable de modéliser un écoulement diphasique liquide-liquide, afin d'étudier en détail les effets de coalescence et de rupture entre les gouttes. Ce travail a nécessité l’utilisation d’une technique de suivi d’interface appropriée et le développement d’un solveur des équations de Navier-Stokes incompressible pour calculer le champ de vitesse, ainsi qu’une méthode de couplage entre ces deux solveurs pour la simulation des écoulements diphasiques. Notre outil numérique a été validé sur de nombreux cas tests académiques et appliqué à l'étude du processus de séparation liquide-liquide. / The flow of immiscible fluids is a frequent issue in the petroleum industry: hydrocarbon in pipelines, separation process for production, fuel injection in engines, refinery treatment processes, etc.There are two possible approaches to model this type of flow. In the first one, the flow is described macroscopically. In this case, local phenomena (breakage or coalescence of droplets, phase slip, local compaction) are modeled thanks to analytic closure laws or empiric laws. In the second approach, the flow is simulated indirectly on a scale of droplet and we want to describe precisely the interface and the interactions between phases. We propose here to consider the second method to study liquid/liquid dispersed flows and especially the phenomena of breakage or coalescence and collision or distortion of the droplets.Thus, the main purpose of this work was the development of a direct numerical simulation code that is capable to model a liquid-liquid two-phase flow, in order to study in detail the effects of droplets coalescence and breakage. To model a two-phase flow, it is necessary to choose an appropriate interface tracking method and to develop a solver for Navier-Stokes incompressible equations to compute the velocity and pressure values. Also, a coupling method that is able to handle the discontinuous quantities at the interface has to be implemented. Our numerical tool has been validated on numerous academic test cases and applied to study the process of liquid-liquid separation.

Schizophrenia is a neuropsychological disorder in which the neural systems which regulate attention allocation, primarily the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, are dysfunctional, resulting in deficient gating of attention to irrelevant inputs from the environment. This sensory processing dysfunction hinders goal-directed behaviour to the extent that the subsequent cognitive deficits of schizophrenia prevent many chronic patients from leading normal lives. It is the onus of neuroscience to understand the nature of deficits induced by the disorder, thus providing target mechanisms for remediation of those deficits in patients. To accomplish this, manipulations in rats with relevance to schizophrenia are examined in assays with translation to human neurobiology and behaviour. In this thesis, three manipulations with relevance to schizophrenia, were examined for attentional regulation in the attentional set-shifting task, and similar assays, to determine how different forms of schizophrenia-related pathology influence attentional regulation and behavioural flexibility. The foremost findings of the experiments herein were that manipulations inducing schizophrenia-related neurobiology, resulted in impaired performance in extradimensional set-shifting and reversal learning. These deficits were found following: acute inhibition of the mPFC in adult rats, in adult rats who had been exposed to a glutamate receptor antagonist during the neonatal period of development, and/or in adult rats who had gestational disruption of neuron proliferation. Across all three manipulations, a clear behavioural pattern of deficient sensory gating, evidenced by responding to irrelevant stimuli during the set-shifting task was found. These findings suggest that at the core of the cognitive deficits in schizophrenia is the ‘loosening of associations' such that patients suffer the inability to regulate attention, and limit sensory processing to relevant information. The subsequent aberrant learning about irrelevant information then impairs performance during goal-directed behaviours.

O objetivo deste trabalho é averiguar a existência de incremento de acurácia nos modelos de previsão das diferentes categorias de consumo das famílias nos EUA ao se considerar a incerteza macroeconômica como variável explicativa. Grande parte dos trabalhos existentes na literatura consideram o índice da pesquisa de sentimento do consumidor da Universidade de Michigan ou a confiança do consumidor do Conference Board como variáveis alternativas capazes de antecipar o comportamento do consumo das famílias. Como se tratam de entrevistas que podem carregar parcialidade nas respostas e que não estão estritamente ligadas aos movimentos da incerteza, propomos a utilização de uma medida que agregue econometricamente as variações da incerteza macroeconômica, de tal forma que nossos modelos contenham informações mais refinadas sobre o comportamento da economia. A proposta e comparar o poder preditivo de quatro grupos de modelos econométricos para três horizontes temporais distintos (um, três e doze meses à frente). Para tal, consideramos a utilização do método de avaliação conjunta de superioridade preditiva, o Model Confidence Set. Os resultados obtidos apontam para a existência de contribuição preditiva ao incluir uma variável de incerteza macroeconômica para a previsão do consumo, em especial nos modelos de previsão um passo (mês) à frente. / The aim of this work is to verify the existence of an increase in forecasting models accuracy of different categories of household consumption in USA when considering macroeconomic uncertainty as an explanatory variable. Much of the work in the literature considers the University of Michigan Consumer Sentiment Survey Index or Conference Board Consumer Confidence as alternative variables capable of anticipating household consumption behavior. Because these indexes are composed of interviews that may carry a certain amount of bias in responses and are not strictly linked to the movements of uncertainty, we propose the use of a measure that econometrically adds variations of macroeconomic uncertainty, so that our models contain more refined information on the behavior of the economy. The proposal is to compare the predictive power of four groups of econometric models for three distinct time horizons (one, three and twelve months ahead). For this, we consider the use of the joint evaluation method of predictive superiority, Model Confidence Set. The results obtained point to the existence of a predictive contribution by including a macroeconomic uncertainty variable for consumption forecast, especially in the one step (month) ahead forecast models.

Objetivo: aplicação do core set resumido genérico da CIFCJ para crianças e jovens de 0 a 18 anos com paralisia cerebral em um grupo de pacientes, através de um instrumento baseado no próprio core set, que operacionalize a coleta de dados funcionais. Métodos: Para algumas categorias, foi possível traçar uma relação entre o que se desejava avaliar e instrumentos escolhidos através de revisão da literatura. Nestes casos, as alternativas de resposta desses instrumentos foram agrupadas de forma que satisfizessem os critérios dos qualificadores da CIFCJ. Nos casos em que isso não fosse possível criou-se uma tabela de correspondência para cada item. Todos os pacientes foram classificados de acordo com o sistema de classificação da função motora grossa (GMFCS). Foram avaliados 33 pacientes dos ambulatórios e do Centro de Reabilitação de neurologia infantil do Hospital das Clínicas de Ribeirão Preto, divididos em 3 grupos, de acordo com sua faixa etária, e desenvolvidas tabelas para descrever os qualificadores de cada componente. Os dados do questionário do core set resumido de 0 a 18 anos da CIFCJ-PC foram inseridos em bancos de dados, digitados em planilha do Excel, e a análise descritiva simples deu-se através do programa estatístico SPSS. Resultados: Para cinco categorias foi possível utilizar escalas sem necessidade de perguntas auxiliares. A avaliação realizada apenas por perguntas objetivas, ocorreu em um item de funções do corpo, em três domínios de atividades e participação, e em todos os oito descritores do componente Fatores ambientais. A idade dos participantes variou entre 4 meses e 18 anos, com maior frequência (33%) de pacientes GMFCS III. A frequência de alguma forma de problema nas funções intelectuais foi de 75%, variando entre 63-81% nos três grupos etários. A Sensação de dor (b280) obteve a menor prevalência de deficiências de algum grau, existindo em maior número no grupo de 0 a 6 anos. Encontramos 91% das crianças e jovens avaliados apresentando limitação em algum grau para deslocar-se por diferentes locais (d460). Os principais facilitadores foram Família imediata (e310) (91%), Produtos e tecnologias para uso pessoal na vida diária (e115) (85%) e Serviços, políticas e sistemas de saúde (e580) (82%). A maior barreira entre os fatores ambientais foram Produtos e tecnologias usados em projeto, arquitetura e construção de edifícios (e150). Conclusão: O core set resumido da CIFCJ para crianças e jovens com paralisia cerebral de 0 a 18 anos permite gerar um perfil funcional dos pacientes com esta condição de saúde e identifica as áreas a serem mais bem trabalhadas para cada indivíduo. Aponta ainda as influências, deficiências e barreiras comuns a maioria desses indivíduos, podendo ajudar a diagnosticar problemas na área de saúde, economia e serviço social. / Objective: To apply the common brief ICF-CY core set for children and youth with cerebral palsy in a group of patients, through instruments based on the core set itself, that operationalize the data collection in functioning. Methods: For some categories, it was possible to correlate the domains and an instrument selected through literature review. In these cases, the response alternatives were grouped to satisfy the criteria of the ICF-CY qualifiers. When this was not possible, we created a correlation for each item. All patients were classified according to GMFCS. Thirty-three patients from the outpatient clinics and the Children\'s Neurology Rehabilitation Center (CER) of the Hospital das Clínicas de Ribeirão Preto (HCRP) were divided into three groups, according to their age group. Tables were developed to describe the qualifiers of each component. Data from the ICF-CY common brief core set for children and youth with CP were entered into databases, typed in an Excel spreadsheet, and the simple descriptive analysis was done through the SPSS statistical program. Results: For five categories, it was possible to use scales without the need for auxiliary questions. The evaluation performed with only objective questions, occurred in an item of the component functions of the body, in three domains of activities and participation, and in all eight descriptors of the Environmental factors component. The participants aged from 4 months to 18 years, with a greater frequency (33%) of GMFCS III patients. The prevalence of some sort of problem in intellectual functions was 75%, varying between 63-81% in the three age groups. Sensation of pain (b280) obtained the lowest prevalence of deficiencies, existing in a greater number in the group of 0 to 6 years. We found 91% of the children and young people evaluated, showing some degree of limitation for Moving around different locations (d460). The main facilitators were Immediate family (e310) (91%), Products and technology for personal use in daily living (e115) (85%) and Health services, systems and policies (e580) (82%). The biggest barrier in environmental factors was Design, construction and building products and technology of buildings for public use (e150). Conclusion: common brief ICF-CY core set for children and youth with cerebral palsy is very useful to generate a functional profile for patients with CP, and to identify the areas to be better worked for each individual. This core set also points out influences, deficiencies and barriers that are common for most of these children, and should help on identifying problems in health, economy and social services.

Les mousses sont des assemblées de bulles de gaz dans une matrice liquide et sont utilisées dans plusieurs applications telles que par exemple l'isolation thermique et phonique, le forage pétrolier. Cependant, elles sont instables et tendent donc à disparaître. Les mécanismes qui gouvernent la stabilité d'une mousse et son effondrement restent encore incompris au niveau fondamental. Ce travail de thèse vise à étudier le couplage physico-chimique et rhéologique au sein d'une mousse par des simulations numériques, au niveau d'un amas de bulles cisaillées, afin de mieux comprendre l'origine de cette instabilité / Foams are gaz bubbles assemblies in a liquid matrix and are used in several applications such as for example the thermal and phonic insulating, ore drilling. However, they are instables and trend to disappear. the mechanisms that gouverns the foam stability and its collapse are still not well understood from a fundamental point of vue. The goal of this thesis work is to study the physico-chemical and rheological coupling in a foam, by numerical simulations of a cluster of sheared bubbles, in order to better understand the origin of this foam instability

The purpose of this paper is to generalize a theorem that characterizes absolute continuity of bounded finitely additive set functions in the form of an integral approximation. We show that his integral exists if the condition of absolute continuity is removed.

abstract: A Single Event Transient (SET) is a transient voltage pulse induced by an ionizing radiation particle striking a combinational logic node in a circuit. The probability of a storage element capturing the transient pulse depends on the width of the pulse. Measuring the rate of occurrence and the distribution of SET pulse widths is essential to understand the likelihood of soft errors and to develop cost-effective mitigation schemes. Existing research measures the pulse width of SETs in bulk Complementary Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor (CMOS) and Silicon On Insulator (SOI) technologies, but not on Fin Field-Effect Transistors (FinFETs). This thesis focuses on developing a test structure on the FinFET process to generate, propagate, and separate SETs and build a time-to-digital converter to measure the pulse width of SET. The proposed SET test structure statistically separates SETs generated at NMOS and PMOS based on the difference in restoring current. It consists of N-collection devices to collect events at NMOS and P-collection devices to collect events at PMOS. The events that occur in PMOS of the N-collection device and NMOS of the P-collection device are false events. The logic gates of the collection devices are skewed to perform pulse expansion so that a minimally sustained SET propagates without getting suppressed by the contamination delay. A symmetric tree structure with an S-R latch event detector localizes the location of the SET. The Cartesian coordinates-based pulse injection structure injects external pulses at specific nodes to perform instrumentation and calibrate the measurement. A thermometer-encoded chain (vernier chain) with mismatched delay paths measures the width of the SET. For low Linear Energy Transfer (LET) tests, the false events are entirely masked and do not propagate since the amount of charge that has to be deposited for successful event propagation is significantly high. In the case of high LET tests, the actual events and false events propagate, but they can be separated based on the SET location and the width of the output event. The vernier chain has a high measurement resolution of ~3.5ps, which aids in separating the events. / Dissertation/Thesis / Masters Thesis Electrical Engineering 2020