Thesis (Ph.D.)--Purdue University, 2010. / Title from screen (viewed on April 1, 2010). Department of Psychology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI). Advisor(s): Gary R. Bond. Includes vitae. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 68-77).

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Purdue University, 2010. / Title from screen (viewed on May 25, 2010). Department of Psychology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI). Advisor(s): Gary R. Bond, John McGrew, Kevin Rand, Dennis Devine. Includes vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 73-85).

Aim: The overall aim of this thesis was to investigate and describe everyday life among relatives of inpatients with severe depression and their encounter with the psychiatric specialist health services (PSHS). Methods: A descriptive design with a qualitative and quantitative approach was used. Data was collected by means of a questionnaire responded to by 68 relatives and analysed with descriptive statistics (I, III). Individual interviews with 24 relatives were carried out and analysed with phenomenography (II, IV). Main findings: The everyday life of relatives to persons suffering from severe depression was affected. They reported burden and influence on their own health to a various degree (I). The relatives experienced that they were, “Living on the other person’s terms”. Relatives described ambivalent relationships, as they had to adjust their daily life in attempting to manage the situation (II). When the relatives encountered the PSHS, it may have been a long time of worries and struggles for help. They wanted to be a resource and a participant, and to be confident with the health care (IV). The need for support from the PSHS was greater than what they received. Relatives who reported receiving less information had higher burden scores than the others (III). Conclusions: Everyday life of relatives of persons suffering from severe depression is demanding. To be acknowledged as a resource in the treatment and care for the person suffering from depression is important. The mental health nurses being present at the wards 24 hours a day, are in a unique position to support the relatives. / Depression is one of ten global diseases entailing the greatest loss of life quality and years of life, which also gives consequences for the relatives. The overall aim of this thesis was to investigate and describe everyday life among relatives of inpatients with severe depression and their encounter with the psychiatric specialist health service (PSHS). The relatives experienced objective and subjective burden, and their own health was affected. Everyday life needed to be adjusted in line with the severity of the next-of-kin’s depression. When the relatives encountered the PSHS a long time of worries and struggles had passed from the onset of the depression until the next-of–kin was hospitalized. To be acknowledged as a resource, invited to collaborate and to share their knowledge was of great importance to the relatives. Addtionally, to receive information concerning the treatment and care was crucial. The mental health nurses are in a unique position to support the relatives.

L'interaction complexe des différentes fonctions cognitives ne permet pas de trouver la source précise des manifestations démentielles dans l'organe du cerveau. Dans une perspective organiciste, ne répondant pas aux critères d'inclusion, ils sont la part énigmatique d'un tableau démentiel dans lequel ils ne trouvent pas à strictement s'insérer. On les dit donc «associés». Nous tentons dans ce travail de souligner la complexité d’avoir à penser la cause d’un comportement de manière univoque et nous avançons l’idée selon laquelle la démence sévère se motive d’un rapport nouveau à la «cause» comme telle. Nous posons la démence comme produisant l’être dément : effet d’un délitement du langage dont le sujet n’est ni comptable, ni l’observateur passif. Le sujet dément se trouverait donc pris dans une situation qui engage son être en tant qu’il est non-causé par la métamorphose qui le caractérise pourtant. Une fois posée la démence sévère comme la manifestation d’un manque réel au champ du manque dans l’Autre, il nous sera possible de saisir dans une même logique l’effondrement de la dimension réflexive de l’identité et celle du désir. Nous orientant de l’angoisse que suscite la destruction du code de l’Autre et de l’aliénation imaginaire, nous postulerons que les manifestations psycho-comportementales démentielles ont valeurs de tentatives d’injection du manque au champ de l’Autre. Ces tentatives, par définitions subjectives et singulières, devront donc être entendues avant que d’être comprises, puis accompagnées. De ce point de vue, la démence sévère ne se qualifierait pas de ses déficits, mais de ce qui du manque lui fait défaut. / The complex interaction of the various cognitive functions does not allow finding the precise source of insane events in the brain organ. In organismic perspective which does not cater for the inclusion criteria, they are enigmatic part from an insane board into which they fail to fit strictly. That’s why they are called "associates".We attempt in this work to emphasize the complexity of having to think about the cause of a behavior in an unambiguous way, and we advance the idea that severe dementia motivates a new report to the "cause" as such. We argue dementia as producing be denied: effect of a disintegration of the language whose the subject is neither accountant, nor passive observer. The insane subject would therefore be caught in a situation that involves his (her) being as it is not caused by the transformation which characterizes him (her) nevertheless.Once installed severe dementia as the manifestation of a real lack face to the Lack in the Other, we will be able to apprehend, in the same sense, the collapse of reflective dimension of identity and that of desire. By directing us the distress generated by the destruction of the code of the Other and of the imaginary alienation, we will postulate that insane psycho-behavioral symptoms would in fact be injection attempts of lack in the field of the Other. These attempts, by subjective and singular definitions, will have to be heard before being understood, then accompanied. From this point of view, severe insanity would not be qualified by its deficits, but by what of lack default.

The contribution of this thesis is twofold: 1) the development of a hydrodynamic landscape evolution model for use on high-performance computing systems and 2) assessing the sensitivity of hydrogeomorphic processes to high-resolution rainfall input data and erosional parameterisation using the model. The thesis addresses a limitation in numerical landscape evolution models regarding how spatial variation in rainfall is represented or parameterised within such models. Typically, landscape evolution models forsake a realistic representation of rainfall patterns in favour of a simpler treatment of rainfall as being spatially homogeneous across the model domain. This simplification of rainfall spatial variability is still made despite the fact that many geomorphological processes are sensitive to thresholds of sediment entrainment and transport, driven by the distribution and movement of water within the landscape. The thesis starts by exploring current limitations in rainfall representation in landscape evolution models, and assesses various precipitation data sources that could be potentially used as more realistic rainfall inputs to landscape evolution models. A numerical model of landscape evolution is developed for deployment on high-performance parallel computing systems, based on the established CAESAR-Lisflood model (Coulthard et al., 2013). The new model code is benchmarked, showing performance benefits compared with the original CAESAR-Lisflood model it is based on. The model is applied to assessing the sensitivity of flood-inundation predictions, sediment flux, and erosion distribution within river catchments to spatial variation in rainfall during extreme storm events. Two real storm events that caused localised flash flooding in the UK are used as test cases: the Boscastle storm of 2004 and the North York Moors storm of 2005. Flood extent predictions and river discharges are found to be sensitive to the use of spatially variable input rainfall data, with high-resolution rainfall data leading to larger peak flood discharges. However, the differences are less pronounced in smaller catchments. The role of sediment erosion during large floods is also assessed, but it is found to play a minor role relative to spatially variable rainfall data. In contrast, the geomorphological response of catchments to single storm events is shown to be less sensitive to the spatial heterogeneity of rainfall input and controlled more strongly by the choice of erosional process parameterisation within the model. Nonetheless, spatial variability in rainfall data is shown to increase sediment yields during flash flood simulations.

Introdução: O exercício físico vem sendo amplamente estudado como uma opção terapêutica para o tratamento do transtorno depressivo maior, já podendo ser considerado eficaz em depressões de intensidades leve à moderada. Entretanto, não se conhecem os efeitos do exercício físico na QV de pacientes deprimidos, bem como nenhum estudo avaliou a eficácia do exercício físico como um tratamento complementar para pacientes internados com transtorno depressivo maior grave. Objetivos: Este estudo tem os objetivos de: 1) revisar a literatura referente a exercício físico, depressão e qualidade de vida de forma sistemática; 2) estudar a eficácia do exercício físico como um tratamento complementar em pacientes internados com depressão grave, bem como avaliar os efeitos do exercício na Qualidade de Vida desta população (QV). Método: Foi realizada uma revisão sistemática, na qual se realizou uma ampla busca na literatura, por artigos na língua inglesa, através das bases PubMed, psycINFO e Sportdiscuss, combinando de diversas formas os termos “Major Depression, Mood Depression, Depressive Disorder, Depression, Exercise, Physical Activity, Quality of Life. Também foi realizado um ensaio clínico randomizado, “add-on” no qual o grupo controle (tratamento usual) foi comparado a um grupo exercício (tratamento usual + exercício físico). Os pacientes do grupo exercício se exercitaram com uma “dose” de 16,5 kcal/kg/semana de exercícios aeróbicos (esteira rolante, bicicleta ergométrica e/ou transport), dividida em três sessões semanais durante todo o tempo de internação. Resultados: Baseado em nossa revisão sistemática, o exercício físico parece melhorar a qualidade de vida de pacientes deprimidos, principalmente no que se refere ao domínio físico e psicológico, entretanto, devido à heterogeneidade dos estudos e instrumentos não é possível se conhecer o tamanho de efeito antidepressivo do exercício, sendo necessários mais estudos. Segundo os resultados do ensaio clínico, não há uma diferença significativa nos escores da Hamilton na segunda semana entre o grupo exercício comparado ao grupo controle (Média [D.P] = 8,2 [5,96] X 11,18 [5,03], p = 0,192). Entretanto, há uma redução significativa nos escores da Hamilton dos pacientes do grupo exercício comparada aos pacientes do grupo controle na alta (Média [D.P] = 5,93 [4,46] X 9,45 [3,56], p = 0,041). Em relação à QV, não há diferença significativa entre os grupos na segunda semana nos domínios físico (Média [D.P] = 56,98 [8,96] X 54,54 [9,18], p = 0,511) e psicológico (Média [D.P] = 50,88 [13,88] X 42,04 [12,42], p = 0,106). Entretanto, há uma diferença significativa na alta no domínio psicológico (Média [D.P] = 55,88 [9,92] v 41,66 [13,04], p = 0,004) e uma tendência, mas sem significância estatística, no domínio físico (Média [D.P] = 58,80 [9,14] X 52,12 [8,70], p = 0,07). Conclusões: Nossos resultados sugerem que o exercício físico pode melhorar a QV de pacientes deprimidos. Entretanto, mais estudos são necessários a fim de se conhecer o real tamanho de efeito, bem como outras variáveis moderadoras (tipo de exercício, intensidade e volume) do exercício para a melhora da qualidade de vida de pacientes deprimidos. E ainda, baseado em nosso ensaio clinico, o exercício aparece como uma estratégia complementar no tratamento de pacientes internados com depressão grave. / Introduction: Physical exercise has been widely studied as a therapeutic option for treatment of major depressive disorder, since it could be considered effective in depression as mild to moderate. However, we do not know the effects of exercise on QOL in depressed patients, and no study has evaluated the effectiveness of exercise as a complementary treatment for inpatients with severe major depressive disorder. Objectives: This study has the following objectives: 1) review the literature regarding exercise, depression and quality of life in a systematic manner, 2) study the effectiveness of exercise as an adjunctive treatment in the treatment of patients hospitalized with severe depression, as well as evaluating the effects of exercise on quality of life in this population (QOL). Methods: We performed a systematic review, in which he conducted extensive literature search of articles in English, through the bases PubMed, PsycINFO and Sportdiscuss, combining various forms of the words "Major Depression, Mood Depression, Depressive Disorder, Depression, Exercise, Physical Activity, Quality of Life. It was performed a randomized clinical trial, "add-on" in which the control group (usual care) was compared to an exercise group (usual care + Exercise). Patients in the exercise group exercised with a "dose" of 16.5 kcal / kg / week of aerobic exercise (treadmill, stationary bike and / or transport), divided into three sessions a week throughout the duration of hospitalization. Results: Based on our systematic review, exercise seems to improve the quality of life of depressed patients, especially with regard to physical and psychological domains, however, due to the heterogeneity of the studies and instruments is not possible to know the effect size, so further studies are necessary. According to clinical trial data, there is a significant difference in scores of Hamilton in the second week of the exercise group compared with the control group (mean [SD] = 8.2 [5.96] x 11.18 [5.03], p = 0.192). However, there is a significant reduction in Hamilton scores of patients in the exercise group compared to control patients at discharge (mean [SD] = 5.93 [4.46] X 9.45 [3.56], p = 0.041). Regarding QOL, no significant difference between groups in the second week in physical (Mean [SD] = 56.98 [8.96] x 54.54 [9.18], p = 0.511) and psychological (Mean [SD] = 50.88 [13.88] x 42.04 [12.42], p = 0.106). However, there is a significant difference in the rise in the psychological domain (mean [SD] = 55.88 [9.92] v 41.66 [13.04], p = 0.004) and a trend but no statistical significance in the physical domain (Mean [SD] = 58.80 [9.14] x 52.12 [8.70], p = 0.07). Conclusion: Our results suggest that exercise can improve QOL in depressed patients. However, more studies are needed in order to know the real effect size moderators and other issues (exercise type, intensity and volume) to improve the quality of life of depressed patients. Based on our clinical trial, the exercise appears as a complementary strategy for treating patients hospitalized with severe depression.

Orientadora: Profa. Dra. Márcia Aparecida Sperança / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Federal do ABC, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biossistemas, 2017. / A dengue, causada por quatro diferentes sorotipos do vírus (DENV1-4), é a arbovirose de maior prevalência em humanos no mundo. Estudos moleculares são necessários para melhor entendimento de doenças causadas por diferentes sorotipos e variantes genéticas. Em relação á sua origem e história evolucionária, análises filogenéticas e epidemiológicas sugerem que genótipos mais virulentos estão substituindo os de menor virulência. Este trabalho teve como objetivo a caracterização da dinâmica de transmissão e epidemiologia molecular dos DENV circulantes na cidade de médio porte do Estado de São Paulo, Marília, com 233.639 habitantes, durante uma epidemia de dengue ocorrida no ano de 2007. Para tanto foram obtidas amostras de pacientes com diagnóstico clínico e epidemiológico (sem confirmação laboratorial) durante ocorrência de epidemia de dengue. O estudo comparativo de características hematológicas e demográficas dos pacientes com a presença de antígeno NS1 de DENV nas amostras revelou associação significante com leucopenia e plaquetopenia (medianas: DENV+= 3.715 células/mL e DENV- = 6.760 células/mL; e medianas: DENV+ = 134.896 células/mL e DENV- = 223.872 células/mL, respectivamente), e aumento de linfócitos atípicos. Esse padrão hematológico foi mantido durante o longo período da epidemia, permitindo que, com a determinação do padrão conservado nas primeiras fases de uma epidemia, este possa ser usado para implementar medidas de diagnóstico de novos casos, bem como no controle e tratamento dos doentes em todo o restante do período. A detecção e identificação do sorotipo viral, por PCR e Nested-PCR, respectivamente, utilizando como alvo o gene que codifica a junção das proteínas estruturais do capsídeo e pré-membrana (C/prM), confirmou a co-circulação de DENV1 (33%) e DENV3 (67%) em 2007. A partir das sequências obtidas da junção C/prM dos DENV1 e DENV3 dessas amostras, foi feita a reconstrução filogenética. Os resultados indicaram que a população de DENV1 provavelmente se originou da região norte do Brasil, por apresentar pouca variabilidade genética e alta similaridade com amostras de DENV1 de pacientes de Belém do Pará isoladas no mesmo ano. A população de DENV3 apresentou variabilidade genética, provavelmente, devido à microevolução na própria região, visto que as amostras de Marília-SP apresentaram alta similaridade com amostras de vírus isoladas de pacientes da Venezuela, em 2001. Os dois sorotipos mostraram padrões hematológicos distintos, nos quais, com o aumento de linfócitos atípicos houve uma significante maior leucopenia na população de DENV3 e uma tendência a maior diminuição de plaquetas em DENV1. Os estudos realizados demonstram que a dengue é uma doença com características regionais específicas. Portanto, a implementação das atividades de manejo das epidemias dependem da caracterização das variantes genéticas dos DENV e sua relação com a população acometida. / Dengue, caused by four different serotypes of the virus (DENV1-4), is the most prevalent arbovirose in humans in the world. Molecular studies are needed to better understand diseases caused by different serotypes and genetic variants. In relation to its origin and evolutionary history, phylogenetic and epidemiological analyzes suggest that more virulent genotypes are replacing those of less virulence. This work aimed to characterize the transmission dynamics and molecular epidemiology of DENV circulating in the medium-sized city of the State of São Paulo, Marília, with 233,639 inhabitants, during a dengue epidemic occurred in 2007. For this purpose, samples were obtained of patients with clinical and epidemiological diagnosis (without laboratory confirmation) during the occurrence of a dengue epidemic. The comparative study of the hematological and demographic characteristics of patients with the presence of DENV NS1 antigen in the samples revealed a significant association with leukopenia and thrombocytopenia (median: DENV + = 3,715 cells / mL and DENV- = 6,760 cells / mL; 134,896 cells / mL and DENV- = 223,872 cells / mL, respectively), and increase of atypical lymphocytes. This hematological pattern was maintained during the long period of the epidemic, allowing the determination of the pattern preserved in the first stages of an epidemic, to be used to implement measures for the diagnosis of new cases, as well as for the control and treatment of patients in the remainder of the period. Detection and identification of the viral serotype by PCR and Nested-PCR, respectively, targeting the gene coding for the junction of the capsid and premembrane (C / prM) structural proteins, confirmed the co-circulation of DENV1 (33 %) and DENV3 (67%) in 2007. From the sequences obtained from the C / prM junction of the DENV1 and DENV3 of these samples, the phylogenetic reconstruction was performed. The results indicated that the DENV1 population probably originated from the northern region of Brazil, as it presents little genetic variability and high similarity with DENV1 samples from patients from Belém do Pará isolated in the same year. The DENV3 population showed genetic variability, probably due to the microevolution in the region itself, since the Marília-SP samples presented high similarity with virus samples isolated from patients from Venezuela in 2001. The two serotypes showed different hematological patterns in the which, with the increase of atypical lymphocytes, there was a significant greater leucopenia in the DENV3 population and a tendency to a greater decrease of platelets in DENV1. Preliminary data from another epidemic were obtained in 2015, from which we tested 100 positive samples to date, with 87% belonging to serotype 1 by means of molecular typing using the gene coding for the C / prM junction. Studies show that dengue is a disease with specific regional characteristics. Therefore, the the implementation of epidemic management activities depend on the characterization of genetic variants of DENV and its relationship with the affected population.

Introdução: O exercício físico vem sendo amplamente estudado como uma opção terapêutica para o tratamento do transtorno depressivo maior, já podendo ser considerado eficaz em depressões de intensidades leve à moderada. Entretanto, não se conhecem os efeitos do exercício físico na QV de pacientes deprimidos, bem como nenhum estudo avaliou a eficácia do exercício físico como um tratamento complementar para pacientes internados com transtorno depressivo maior grave. Objetivos: Este estudo tem os objetivos de: 1) revisar a literatura referente a exercício físico, depressão e qualidade de vida de forma sistemática; 2) estudar a eficácia do exercício físico como um tratamento complementar em pacientes internados com depressão grave, bem como avaliar os efeitos do exercício na Qualidade de Vida desta população (QV). Método: Foi realizada uma revisão sistemática, na qual se realizou uma ampla busca na literatura, por artigos na língua inglesa, através das bases PubMed, psycINFO e Sportdiscuss, combinando de diversas formas os termos “Major Depression, Mood Depression, Depressive Disorder, Depression, Exercise, Physical Activity, Quality of Life. Também foi realizado um ensaio clínico randomizado, “add-on” no qual o grupo controle (tratamento usual) foi comparado a um grupo exercício (tratamento usual + exercício físico). Os pacientes do grupo exercício se exercitaram com uma “dose” de 16,5 kcal/kg/semana de exercícios aeróbicos (esteira rolante, bicicleta ergométrica e/ou transport), dividida em três sessões semanais durante todo o tempo de internação. Resultados: Baseado em nossa revisão sistemática, o exercício físico parece melhorar a qualidade de vida de pacientes deprimidos, principalmente no que se refere ao domínio físico e psicológico, entretanto, devido à heterogeneidade dos estudos e instrumentos não é possível se conhecer o tamanho de efeito antidepressivo do exercício, sendo necessários mais estudos. Segundo os resultados do ensaio clínico, não há uma diferença significativa nos escores da Hamilton na segunda semana entre o grupo exercício comparado ao grupo controle (Média [D.P] = 8,2 [5,96] X 11,18 [5,03], p = 0,192). Entretanto, há uma redução significativa nos escores da Hamilton dos pacientes do grupo exercício comparada aos pacientes do grupo controle na alta (Média [D.P] = 5,93 [4,46] X 9,45 [3,56], p = 0,041). Em relação à QV, não há diferença significativa entre os grupos na segunda semana nos domínios físico (Média [D.P] = 56,98 [8,96] X 54,54 [9,18], p = 0,511) e psicológico (Média [D.P] = 50,88 [13,88] X 42,04 [12,42], p = 0,106). Entretanto, há uma diferença significativa na alta no domínio psicológico (Média [D.P] = 55,88 [9,92] v 41,66 [13,04], p = 0,004) e uma tendência, mas sem significância estatística, no domínio físico (Média [D.P] = 58,80 [9,14] X 52,12 [8,70], p = 0,07). Conclusões: Nossos resultados sugerem que o exercício físico pode melhorar a QV de pacientes deprimidos. Entretanto, mais estudos são necessários a fim de se conhecer o real tamanho de efeito, bem como outras variáveis moderadoras (tipo de exercício, intensidade e volume) do exercício para a melhora da qualidade de vida de pacientes deprimidos. E ainda, baseado em nosso ensaio clinico, o exercício aparece como uma estratégia complementar no tratamento de pacientes internados com depressão grave. / Introduction: Physical exercise has been widely studied as a therapeutic option for treatment of major depressive disorder, since it could be considered effective in depression as mild to moderate. However, we do not know the effects of exercise on QOL in depressed patients, and no study has evaluated the effectiveness of exercise as a complementary treatment for inpatients with severe major depressive disorder. Objectives: This study has the following objectives: 1) review the literature regarding exercise, depression and quality of life in a systematic manner, 2) study the effectiveness of exercise as an adjunctive treatment in the treatment of patients hospitalized with severe depression, as well as evaluating the effects of exercise on quality of life in this population (QOL). Methods: We performed a systematic review, in which he conducted extensive literature search of articles in English, through the bases PubMed, PsycINFO and Sportdiscuss, combining various forms of the words "Major Depression, Mood Depression, Depressive Disorder, Depression, Exercise, Physical Activity, Quality of Life. It was performed a randomized clinical trial, "add-on" in which the control group (usual care) was compared to an exercise group (usual care + Exercise). Patients in the exercise group exercised with a "dose" of 16.5 kcal / kg / week of aerobic exercise (treadmill, stationary bike and / or transport), divided into three sessions a week throughout the duration of hospitalization. Results: Based on our systematic review, exercise seems to improve the quality of life of depressed patients, especially with regard to physical and psychological domains, however, due to the heterogeneity of the studies and instruments is not possible to know the effect size, so further studies are necessary. According to clinical trial data, there is a significant difference in scores of Hamilton in the second week of the exercise group compared with the control group (mean [SD] = 8.2 [5.96] x 11.18 [5.03], p = 0.192). However, there is a significant reduction in Hamilton scores of patients in the exercise group compared to control patients at discharge (mean [SD] = 5.93 [4.46] X 9.45 [3.56], p = 0.041). Regarding QOL, no significant difference between groups in the second week in physical (Mean [SD] = 56.98 [8.96] x 54.54 [9.18], p = 0.511) and psychological (Mean [SD] = 50.88 [13.88] x 42.04 [12.42], p = 0.106). However, there is a significant difference in the rise in the psychological domain (mean [SD] = 55.88 [9.92] v 41.66 [13.04], p = 0.004) and a trend but no statistical significance in the physical domain (Mean [SD] = 58.80 [9.14] x 52.12 [8.70], p = 0.07). Conclusion: Our results suggest that exercise can improve QOL in depressed patients. However, more studies are needed in order to know the real effect size moderators and other issues (exercise type, intensity and volume) to improve the quality of life of depressed patients. Based on our clinical trial, the exercise appears as a complementary strategy for treating patients hospitalized with severe depression.

Doctor of Philosophy / Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology / Raymond R. R. Rowland / Severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) is a rare group of inherited disorders characterized by defects in both humoral and cellular immune functions. Naturally occurring SCID has been first described in humans in the 1960s and subsequently identified in horses, mice, and dogs, but never before in pigs. Affected animals are characterized by having loss of functional B and T lymphocytes, and in some cases natural killer (NK) cells, but normal numbers of monocytes, granulocytes, and megakaryocytes. As a result, affected animals fail to produce antibodies and succumb to common disease pathogens after circulating maternal antibodies decay. SCID models are extremely valuable for the understanding of molecular mechanisms of immunological processes during viral and bacterial diseases, cancer, and autoimmunity. SCID mice are widely used as the current model; however, the relevance of the murine SCID model to human and veterinary immune research is limited and there is an increasing need for a more representative model of SCID is imperative. We describe the gross, microscopic, and immunophenotypic characteristics of a line of Yorkshire pigs having naturally occurring SCID. Affected pigs lack T and B lymphocytes, but display circulating NK cells, fail to produce antibodies to viral infection, and lack cell-mediated response to tumor xenotransplants. We also describe response of SCID pigs to porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV). PRRSV is the most devastating virus in swine industry, causing losses of billions of dollars annually. Understanding the immunopathogenesis of the disease is imperative in order to develop strategies to combat this devastating virus. PRRSV infected-SCID pigs failed to develop lesions of PRRSV infection, demonstrating the significant role of the adaptive immunity to PRRSV infection. Finally, we describe the preliminary results of the adoptive transfer of purified CD3⁺ T lymphocytes to SCID pigs from SLA-II matched wild-type littermates, with the objective of establishing a porcine model for the study of T cell immunopathogenesis with viral diseases.

No paciente séptico, utiliza-se como tratamento inicial a reposição volêmica com o objetivo de restabelecer a pressão arterial e consequentemente a perfusão tecidual. Os pacientes não responsivos a expansão volêmica usualmente são tratados com medicações vasoativas. O emprego desses fármacos tais como noradrenalina, nessa situação, torna-se imprescindível, porém a hiporresponsividade do sistema adrenérgico é um obstáculo rotineiro em pacientes sépticos. A vasopressina aparece como uma alternativa, tanto como fármaco de primeira escolha como resgate quando o tratamento com vasoativos adrenérgicos falha. A avaliação da microcirculação é imprescindível visto a sua importância na patogênese da sepse, e no acompanhamento das diferentes terapias. Assim sendo, o presente projeto tem por objetivo avaliar o uso da vasopressina e da noradrenalina no tratamento da hipotensão de cães em sepse decorrente de piometra por meio imagem espectral obtida através da polarização ortogonal (OPS) e sobre variáveis hemodinâmicas, bem como sobre parâmetros de oxigenação e ventilação. Foram utilizados 13 cães em sepse grave apresentando no mínimo duas variáveis da resposta inflamatória sistêmica e no mínimo uma variável de disfunção orgânica na avaliação inicial. Em todos os animais foi realizada ressuscitação volêmica inicial com 15ml/kg em 15 minutos de solução de Ringer com lactato. Caso durante a anestesia a pressão arterial média não assumir valores superiores a 65 mmHg e a pressão venosa central não variasse 2mmHg ou apresentasse valores superiores a 8 mmHg, os animais foram distribuídos em dois grupos. O Grupo VASO recebeu inicialmente 0,0002UI/kg/min de vasopressina e o Grupo NORA 0,05 mcg/kg/min noradrenalina, podendo ter o incremento de 0,0002U/kg/min e 0,02 mcg/kg/min da dose inicial, respectivamente, com o objetivo até se atingir a PAM acima de 65mmHg. Foram confrontados os parâmetros de valores de densidade e fluxo encontrados com o OPS nos dois grupos, bem como dados hemodinâmicos e de ventilação. As imagens coletadas utilizando o OPS foram processadas e analisadas por software especifico. Nao houve diferenca estatistica entre os grupos estudados nos parametros, hemodinamicos, ventilatorios, de oxigenacao e da microcirculacao encontrados com o OPS. A frequência cardíaca foi menor no grupo VASO no momento TG quando comparada ao grupo NORA. Os parametros de densidade e fluxo capilar não diferiram do basal em nenhum dos grupos. Deste modo, conclui-se que tanto a vasopressina quanto a noradrenalina quando empregadas para o tratamento de hipotensao decorrente da sepse grave/choque septico, nao prejudicam a microcirculacao / In septic patients, volume replacement is used as initial treatment in order to restore blood pressure and consequently the tissue perfusion. Nonresponders patients to the increase in preload are usually treated with vasoactive medications. Those agents such as norepinephrine, in this situation, it is essential, but the hyporesponsiveness of the adrenergic system is a common obstacle in septic patients. Vasopressin is an alternative, both like the drug of choice as rescue when treatment of adrenergic hyporesponsiveness. The evaluation of microcirculation is essential for its importance in the pathogenesis of sepsis, and to guide the different therapies. The aim of this project is to evaluate the use of vasopressin and norepinephrine in the treatment of hypotension in sepsis in dogs due to pyometra through spectral image obtained by orthogonal polarization (OPS) and on hemodynamic variables, as well as oxygenation and ventilation parameters. Thirteen dogs in severe sepsis were used, presenting at least two variables of systemic inflammatory response and at least one organ dysfunction variable at baseline. In all animals was performed initial volume resuscitation with 15ml / kg in 15 minutes of Ringer\'s lactate solution. If during anesthesia mean arterial pressure not assume values greater than 65 mmHg and central venous pressure did not vary 2 mmHg or present values greater than 8 mmHg, the animals were divided into two groups. The Group VASO received 0,0002UI / kg / min of vasopressin and Group NORA 0.1 mcg / kg / min of noradrenaline, may have increment 0,0002U / kg / min and 0. 1mcg / kg / min initial dose, respectively, in order to achieve MAP above of 65 mmHg. The density values of parameters were compared and found flow with OPS in both groups, and hemodynamic data and ventilation. The images collected using OPS were processed and analyzed by specific software. There was no statistical difference between the groups studied in the parameters, hemodynamic, ventilation, oxygenation and microcirculation found with OPS. The heart rate was lower in group VASO in TG moment compared to NORA group. The density and capillary flow parameters from baseline were similar in all groups. Thus, it is concluded that both noradrenaline and vasopressin when used to treat hypertension caused by severe / sepsis, septic shock, do not impair the microcirculation