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Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Engineering, Durban University of Technology, 2017. / In this research, the woven fibre microfiltration (WFMF) fabric which is produced locally in South Africa is used as a membrane material. It is cheaper in price in comparison with the current commercial membrane materials that are in use. The WFMF is also more robust when compared with the commercial membrane materials thus is able to withstand harsh working conditions. From previous studies on the WFMF, it has been shown that it can be used as a membrane material without any compromise to permeate quality. This research seeks to optimize the working conditions of this membrane material (WFMF) with an aim of achieving lower running costs and better anti fouling strategies in comparison to the commercial MBRs. The objectives and aims of this research was to come up with a MBR system whose running cost is lower than that for the commercial systems, which can be adapted for use in any environment, especially in the hardship regions where its robustness would be an added advantage. The performance of the WFMF submerged MBR was also optimised including antifouling operating regimes. This study was done in a pilot plant that was set up at Veolia wastewater treatment plant, Durban Metro Southern Works. The feed water for the pilot plant was pumped from the return activated sludge mixing chamber by means of a submersible pump. The MLSS concentration of the feed water was about 12 g/l. The various investigations that were conducted in the course of this research included the effect of spacing between membrane modules, relaxation steps and frequencies, evaluation of aeration rates and evaluation of coarse vs. fine bubbles which were all aimed at optimizing the performance of the immersed WFMF MBR. The permeate was checked for turbidity and COD levels to ensure that they were within the accepted water standards. From the experiments it is shown that the critical flux increased with an increase in aeration rate which is in concurrence with the literature and a starting flux of 30 LMH was chosen for the running of the pilot plant for the various experimental runs to be carried out. For the pipe diffuser height effect experimental run, the best results were achieved at a height of 5 cm below the membrane modules and the use of a pipe diffuser gave better results than the use of a disc diffuser. For the membrane module spacing effect the best results were obtained at the smallest possible width i.e. 3.5 mm. The best relaxation step sequence was found to be 9 mins on and 1 min off. COD, turbidity and DO was continuously determined during the course of the experimentation. Further studies should be done on use of the disc diffuser with increased surface area of aeration holes and also hole sizes of smaller diameters to check on its effectiveness as a means of reducing fouling on the membrane surface. / M

This study evaluated physical and biological treatments of bio-oil process water to decrease organic contaminants. A three-sequential-column filtration system compared four treatments: three columns filled with kenaf only; three columns filled with wood shavings only; first column filled with wood shavings and two with kenaf; and first column filled with kenaf and two with wood shavings. The kenaf and wood shavings were composted after filtration. The filtrate water underwent further bio-treatment by adding aeration and selected bacteria. After filtration and bio-treatment, oil and grease concentrations were reduced over 80 percent and toxicity reduced over 90 percent. There were no significant differences among filtration treatments. Most of the oil and grease was removed by the first column. Aeration significantly decreased the concentration of oil and grease and toxicity in the filtrate water. Composting of the bioiltration matrices significantly reduced the oil and grease concentrations at day 45 by 80 percent.

M. Tech. (Chemical Engineering) / The usual target of an upgrading process using membrane is to produce a retentate stream, the product, with high CH4 concentration. This work presents a simulation of two possible membrane configurations, single stage without recycle (SSWR) and double stage with permeate recycle (DSPR), of an existing operational biogas upgrading plant. The simulation was conducted using ChemCAD and AlmeeSoft gas permeation software to investigate the performance of the configurations on product purity, recovery and required compressor power with a view to determine the optimal operational conditions for maximising the concentration of CH4 and its recovery. Thereafter, an economic assessment on the optimal configuration was conducted to determine the gas processing cost (GPC), the profitability of producing biomethane and cost-benefit of utilising biomethane as a vehicular fuel. The simulation was validated against plant data with a maximum percentage error of 2.64%. Increasing CO2 in feed reduced product recovery and purity. Increasing feed pressure and selectivity increased product recovery and purity up to the pressure limit of the membrane module. Increasing feed flow rate increased product recovery but reduces purity. In both configurations, increasing CO2 in the feed and increasing feed pressure increased the GPC. However, increasing feed flow rate reduced the GPC. The overall performance of DSPR configuration was much higher due to increased trans-membrane area available for separation. At optimal conditions, a product purity of 91% and 96% CH4 recovery was achieved from the initial plant result of 87.2% product purity and 91.16% CH4 recovery. The total compression duty was 141 kW. The GPC was $0.46/m3 of biomethane. The cumulative discounted NPV, IRR and BCR for producing biomethane was R15,240,343, 22.41% and 2.05 respectively, with a break-even in the 5th year after plant start-up considering a prime lending rate at 9%. Using CBG instead of gasoline saves 34% of annual fuel cost with a payback period of one year and three months for the cost of retrofitting the vehicle.

Os efluentes vinícolas apresentam concentração de matéria orgânica que varia entre 1.200 mg.L-1 a 92.000 mg.L-1 de DQO. O pH é ácido, variando entre 3,5 a 5,0. A concentração de compostos fenólicos varia entre 41 a 1450 mg.L-1 C6H5OH. Para nitrogênio amoniacal a concentração varia entre 12 a 208 mg.L-1 já para sulfetos entre 50 e 500 mg.L-1S. Com base nestas informações, foi proposto um sistema de tratamento de efluentes físico-químico em batelada, composto por oxidação avançada do tipo Fenton e duas colunas de adsorção preenchidas com adsorventes alternativos: uma com resíduos de olarias (restos de cerâmicas) e outra com resíduos sólidos da construção civil (britados em recicladora). O efluente vinícola foi caracterizado através dos seguintes parâmetros: pH, turbidez, DQO, sólidos, nitrogênio, fósforo e fenol total. Os materiais adsorventes citados foram comparados ao adsorvente convencional, carvão ativado, e caracterizados no que diz respeito a: pH, densidade aparente e relativa, teor de umidade, teor de material volátil e teor de cinzas. No ensaio final para a oxidação do efluente bruto, foi aplicada a concentração de peróxido de hidrogênio de 16 g.L-1 na relação com a H2O2/DQO denominada de “z” igual a 3,36, o catalisador da reação foi o sulfato ferroso na proporção de 1:15 (FeSO4.7H2O:H2O2). O tempo de reação foi de quatro horas a 30°C em mesa agitadora a 150 rpm. Após a oxidação por Fenton, o efluente foi submetido à adsorção em coluna de cerâmica na taxa de 5m3.m2.dia-1, sequencialmente o efluente foi inserido na coluna de resíduos sólidos da construção civil na taxa de aplicação de 4 m3.m2.dia-1. O desempenho do sistema foi avaliado em função de DQO, turbidez, nitrogênio, sólidos, fenol total e cor. Ao final do tratamento a eficiência na remoção de DQO foi de 92,25%, atingindo valores de DQO de 369 mg.L-1. Além disso, o sistema de tratamento aplicado se apresentou eficaz na remoção da cor (100%), fenol total (100%), turbidez (100%), sulfatos (98%) atingindo uma concentração de 40,5 mg.L-1, nitrogênio (10%) com 17,25 mg.L-1 e na remoção de sólidos: ST (95% com 2,29 mg.L-1), STF (71% com 0,92 mg.L-1), STV (97% com 1,37 mg.L-1), SST (95% com 0,08 mg.L-1), SSF (96% com 0,01 mg.L-1), SSV (91% com 0,09 mg.L-1), SDT (95% com 2,21 mg.L-1), SDF (67% com 0,9 mg.L-1) e SDV (97% com 1,27 mg.L-1). A vantagem da aplicação de Fenton no efluente bruto consistiu em aproveitar as características ácidas do efluente, condição necessária para que o sulfato de ferro não precipitasse, exercendo assim a função de catalisador da reação. Posteriormente a oxidação, foi necessário neutralizar o pH para precipitação do ferro, condição que ocorreu nas colunas de adsorção com os resíduos sólidos da construção civil, possibilitando a precipitação, filtração e remoção do ferro. A combinação deste sistema facilitou e minimizou o uso de reagentes químicos, possibilitando a aplicação prática em vinícolas de produção sazonal e que não possui grandes áreas para a instalação de sistemas maiores e mais complexos. Conclui-se que, o sistema físico-químico proposto apresenta relevante eficiência quanto à remoção de matéria orgânica, cor, sólidos, nitrogênio, sulfatos e fenol total, possibilitando a disposição em corpos hídricos ou rede pública de esgoto. / The organic matter present on those winery effluents varies from 1.200 mg.L-1 to 92.000 mg.L-1 of COD. The pH is acidic, varying from 3,5 to 5,0. The concentration of phenolic compounds ranges between 41 to 1450 mg.L-1 C6H5OH . For ammonia the concentration varies from 12 to 208 mg.L-1. Sulfates have to between 50 and 500 mg.L-1 S. Based on these information, a physical-chemical treatment system was proposed, analyzed into batches, which consisted of the advanced Fenton ́s Oxidation and two adsorption columns filled with alternated adsorbents: one with pottery residues and the other with residues from building (concrete) sites ( crushed on crushing machines). The winery effluent characterization was establish according to the following parameters: pH, turbidity, COD, solids, nitrogen, phosphate and phenols. The absorbents resources were characterize pH, bulk and relative densities, moisture content, volatile material, ash content. The assays begun with the oxidation of the raw effluent, followed by the addition of 16 g.L-1 of hydrogen peroxide related to a COD of z=3,36 (H2O2/DQO). Ferrous sulfate catalyzed the reaction at 1:15 portion (FeSO4.7H2O:H2O2), on an agitated platform at 150 rpm for four hours at 30oC. Once Fenton’s oxidation was concluded, the effluent was applied to the pottery absorption column, at 5m3/m2.day-1, and subsequently applied to the building sites residues column at 4m3/m2.day-1. The system’s performance was evaluate according to the COD, turbidity, nitrogen, solids, phenols and color. The COD efficiency removal obtained was 92,25%, reaching COD values of 369 mg.L-1. In addition, the chosen applied treatment revealed to be efficient on the elimination of color (100%), phenols (100%), turbidity (100%), sulfates (98%) reaching a concentration of 40.5 mg.L-1, nitrogen (10%) with 17.25 mg.L-1, and on solids removals: ST (95% with values of 2,29 mg.L-1), STF (71% and 0,92 mg.L-1), STV (97% and 1,37 mg.L-1), SST (95% and 0,08 mg.L-1), SSF (96% and 0,01 mg.L-1), SSV (91% and 0,09 mg.L-1), SDT (95% and 2,21 mg.L-1), SDF (67% and 0,9 mg.L-1) e SDV (97% and 1,27 mg.L-1). The advantage of the Fenton application on the raw effluent consisted on taking benefit of the acidic environment of the effluent, environment that gave the right condition to avoid the precipitation of the iron sulfate, becoming the reaction catalyst. Once the oxidation was completed, it was necessary to neutralize de pH to allow the iron precipitation, which took place into the building residues adsorption columns, allowing iron the precipitation, filtration and removal. These methods combined enabled and minimized the use of chemical reagents, allowing it to be easily mounted in wineries with seasonality production and wineries without a large area to install bigger and more complex systems. In conclusion, the physical – chemical system proposed revealed to be efficient on the removal of the organic mass, colors, solids, nitrogen, sulfates and phenols, allowing the discharge of effluent disposal.

Orientadores: Ricardo de Lima Isaac, Regina Maura Bueno Franco / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Civil, Arquitetura e Urbanismo / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-05T11:45:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tosetto_MarianadeSalles_M.pdf: 2211562 bytes, checksum: 608a86bf4dcf009813ef868c3b96d5c6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005 / Resumo: Este trabalho consistiu na análise da eficiência do tratamento terciário do efluente da Estação de Tratamento de Esgoto (ETE) Samambaia, no município de Campinas-SP, para fins de reuso em ambiente urbano. O sistema avaliado era composto das etapas de coagulação, pré-floculação em meio granular, filtração e desinfecção com radiação ultravioleta. O estudo experimental foi realizado em escala de bancada para otimização do processo de coagulação, e em escala piloto para avaliar as etapas de pré-floculação, filtração e desinfecção. Foram investigados, como coagulantes químicos, o sulfato férrico e o sulfato de alumínio, taxas de filtração de 120 e 300 m3/m2.dia, e dose de radiação UV de, aproximadamente, 95 mWs/cm2. O efluente terciário produzido na instalação piloto não foi considerado seguro sob o aspecto de saúde pública para aplicação em reuso urbano, como irrigação de parques e jardins, limpeza urbana, lavagem de veículos, combate a incêndio, entre outros, pois não atendeu as recomendações da Organização Mundial de Saúde ¿ OMS quanto à concentração de ovos de helmintos, e apresentou cistos de Giardia spp. ainda em concentrações elevadas, embora nenhuma das recomendações encontradas na literatura contemple limites para estes últimos. Os parâmetros turbidez, DBO, sólidos em suspensão, Coliformes Totais e E. coli atenderam as metas e padrões recomendados na literatura para reuso urbano / Abstract: This work consisted of efficiency analysis of tertiary treatment of effluent from a Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP Samambaia) that is located at the city of Campinas (São Paulo State, Brazil), for urban reuse. The system consisted of a physico-chemical treatment composed of coagulation, granular upflow flocculation, direct downflow filtration and ultraviolet disinfection. The experimental work was carried out using bench-scale tests to optimize chemical coagulation, and in a pilot installation to evaluate the flocculation, filtration and disinfection steps. Aluminum sulfate and ferric sulfate were evaluated as coagulants. Filtration rates of 120 and 300 m/day and UV doses of 95 mWs/cm2 were applied. The tertiary effluent obtained at the pilot plant was not considered safe, under the public health point of view, for urban reuse, like gardens and parks irrigation, urban cleaning, car-washing, fire protection and others, because the helminth eggs concentration, that did not comply to World Health Organization-WHO recommendation, and the high level of Giardia spp. cysts concentration detected at the tertiary-treated effluent, although the quality requirements for urban reuse do not limit this concentration. The turbidity, BOD, suspended solids and coliforms parameters were according to literature recommendation for urban reuse / Mestrado / Saneamento e Ambiente / Mestre em Engenharia Civil

Orientador: Bruno Coraucci Filho / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Civil, Arquitetura e Urbanismo / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-04T21:31:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tonetti_AdrianoLuiz_M.pdf: 4911696 bytes, checksum: 17f72ad475f9781c9cc0c2be169415a9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2004 / Resumo: O objetivo deste projeto foi estudar os filtros de areia como um método de baixo custo para o pós-tratamento de filtros anaeróbios alimentados com esgoto sanitário. Nesta pesquisa buscou-se contribuir com o desenvolvimento deste sistema avaliando-se a eficiência de tratamento de quatro filtros de areia com diferentes profundidades de leitos (0,25; 0,50, 0,75 e 1,00 m). A alimentação era proveniente de reatores anaeróbios e foram empregadas cinco cargas diferentes de aplicação (20, 40, 60, 80 e 100 Lm-2). Cada uma delas dispostas diariamente pelo período de um mês. O esgoto bruto, afluente e efluente dos filtros de areia foram analisados semanalmente, permitindo constatar que no emprego de baixas cargas de efluente anaeróbio o sistema propiciava uma remoção superior a 96% da DBO, adequação na emissão de coliformes totais e completa nitrificação. Aumentando-se as cargas, ocorria uma pequena redução da eficiência, no entanto os resultados ainda eram satisfatórios / Abstract: The aim of this project was to study sand filters as a low cost method in the post treatment of upflow anaerobic filter effluent, fed by municipal wastewater. This research intends to contribute with the development of this system estimating the efficiency of the treatment of four sand filters with different depths of the sand layer (0,25; 0,50, 0,75 e 1,00 m). The feed (I think it's influent) was from the four upflow anaerobic filters. Five hydraulic loads (20, 40, 60, 80 e 100 Lm-2) were used to apply the effluent on the sand filters. Each one was applied for one month and later the frequency was increased for two and tree times per day. The municipal wastewater, influent and the effluent of the sand filter were weekly analyzed allowing to conclude that the treatment system had good removal of BOD, COD, TOC, nutrients and microorganisms like total and fecal coli forms. The effluent was good to be disposed or to reused. / Mestrado / Saneamento e Ambiente / Mestre em Engenharia Civil

Orientador: Bruno Coraucci Filho / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Civil, Arquitetura e Urbanismo / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-09T15:44:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Kanegae_AlexandrePatto_M.pdf: 1125389 bytes, checksum: dc519b3abb15e2a72d094f64448f7383 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005 / Resumo: Este trabalho foi desenvolvido com o intuito de se verificar a utilização de filtros de areia, como um sistema de pós-tratamento de efluentes de filtros anaeróbios na remoção de organismos patogênicos presentes nos esgotos, tais como protozoários e helmintos. Para tanto, foi feita a verificação das melhores taxas de aplicação de efluente de filtro anaeróbio em 4 filtros de areia, com profundidades de 0,25; 0,50; 0,75 e 1,00 m. As taxas de aplicação foram de 20, 40, 60, 80 e 100 Lm-2dia -1. O tempo do experimento foi de Maio de 2003 a Agosto de 2004. Para verificação dos organismos presentes no efluente utilizou-se a metodologia adotada pela Cetesb, descrita pela norma L5.550 (1989) - Hoffman modificado e os resultados foram expressos em número de organismos/L. Os resultados demonstraram que o processo de tratamento biológico ocorrido nos filtros de areia com leito mais profundo (1,00 m) foi o que apresentou melhor performance. Não houve correlação entre o número de organismos encontrados e as taxas aplicadas, mas o valor estipulado pela NBR 7229 (1993) de 100 Lm-2dia-1 de efluente aplicado, apresentou resultados satisfatórios / Abstract: This project was developed with the aim of verifying the use of sand filters as a post treatment system of effluents from anaerobic filters. Most of the pathogens found in the wastewater can be classified as protozoans and helminths. For that, the best application rates of anaerobic effluent were studied in four sand filters. They were 0,25; 0,50; 0,75 and 1,00 m deep. The application rates were 20, 40,60,80 e 100 Lm-2day-1. The experiment was run from May 2003 to August 2004. To verify the presence of the organisms in the wastewater, the methodology adopted by Cetesb was used (described as Standard L5.550, 1989) - Hoffman modified and the results were expressed in number or organisms/L. The results show that the biological process of treatment occurred in the deepest sand filter (1,00 m) was the one which presented the best performance. There was no correlation between the number of microorganisms found and the applied rates but, the value established by NBR 7229 (1993) of 100 Lm-2day-1 of effluent presented satisfactory results / Mestrado / Saneamento e Ambiente / Mestre em Engenharia Civil

CAPES; / As características do material suportem afetam diretamente a eficiência de um reator, pois o número e os tipos de células que aderem em cada meio suporte podem variar de um material para outro. A partir do desenvolvimento dos primeiros filtros anaeróbios um ponto crucial identificado pela comunidade científica foi a busca por materiais suportes que melhor se adequassem, ou seja, inertes à biomassa imobilizada, proporcionando bons resultados, facilidade operacional e economicamente viáveis. Uma alternativa é a utilização de materiais alternativos para preenchimento dos filtros, com estrutura resistente, biológica e quimicamente inerte, leveza, maior área específica e porosidade elevada, com possibilidade de colonização acelerada dos microrganismos e custos reduzidos. Neste trabalho foram avaliadas a estabilidade e o comportamento hidrodinâmico de três filtros anaeróbios de fluxo ascendente, operados de modo contínuo, preenchidos com diferentes meios suportes para imobilização da biomassa, sendo carvão vegetal, cerâmica de argila e borracha de pneu, no tratamento de água residuária sintética à base de glicose como fonte de carbono. Os filtros, em escala de bancada (1,3 L), foram operados com TDH de 8 h e 4 h em duas etapas e mantidos a temperatura ambiente. A caracterização físico-química dos materiais foi realizada com determinação dos parâmetros pH, massa específica aparente, densidade, teor de umidade, material volátil, teor de cinzas, número de iodo, porosidade, granulometria, análise da morfologia, área superficial, volume e tamanho dos poros. O comportamento dos filtros foi avaliado por meio da determinação dos parâmetros de pH, temperatura do líquido, alcalinidade total e a bicarbonato, ácidos voláteis e DQO nas amostras do afluente e do efluente. Além disso, foram realizados ensaios de estímulo-resposta tipo pulso com eosina Y como traçador para avaliar o comportamento hidrodinâmico do reator. O desempenho dos filtros em termos de pH, alcalinidade total e a bicarbonato e ácidos voláteis foi estável nas duas etapas de operação. Os valores obtidos em termos de DQO nas amostras do afluente e efluente dos filtros com carvão ativado foram: - Etapa I: 457 e 38 mg.L-1 (94% de remoção); - Etapa II: 291 e 79 mg.L-1 (79% de remoção); com cerâmica de argila foram: - Etapa I: 457 e 81 mg.L-1 (81% de remoção); - Etapa II:: 291 0 e 129 mg.L-1 (60% de remoção); e com borracha de pneu foram: - Etapa I: 457 e 58 mg.L-1 (88% de remoção); - Etapa II: 291 e 117 mg.L-1 (63% de remoção). O teste estatístico de Kruskal-Wallis. e o pósteste de Dunn confirmaram os dados experimentais e provaram que para maior parte dos parâmetros há diferença nos valores entre os filtros e entre as duas etapas. Sendo as diferenças obtidas entre os filtro devido as características distintas de cada material, e as diferenças entre as etapas ocorrem pelo aumento da carga hidráulica, pois o aumento da velocidade ascensional diminui o tempo de retenção celular e assim o grau de estabilidade. Contudo, meio suporte permitem aos filtros mais estabilidade e boas eficiências de degradação. / The characteristics of material directly affect the reactor efficiency, because the number and the types of cells what adhere in each material support can be totally different from material to another. From the development of the first anaerobic filters an important point identified by the scientific community was the search for materials that support better fitted, i.e. biomass immobilized inert, providing good results, operating ease and economically viable. An alternative is to use alternative materials for filling of filters, with sturdy structure, biologically and chemically inert, lightness, bigger specific area and high porosity, with possibility of rapid colonization of microorganisms and reduced costs. In this thesis it was evaluated the stability and the hydrodynamic behavior of three upflow anaerobic filter, operated in continuous mode, filled with different material support from immobilization to biomass being active carbon, clay ceramic and tire rubber in the synthetic wastewater treatment on based glucose as carbon source. The filter, in bench scale (1,3 L), was operated HRT to 8 hours and 4 hours in two steps Kept at ambient temperature. The physicochemical characterization of the materials was carried out with determination of parameters pH, bulk density apparent, density, moisture content, volatile material, ash content, iodine number, porosity, particle size, morphology analysis, surface area, volume and size pores. The behavior of the filters was evaluated by determining the parameters pH, liquid temperature, total and bicarbonate alkalinity, volatile acids and COD in samples of influent and effluent. Further, tests were performed stimulus-response type pulse with eosin Y, to evaluate the hydrodynamic regime of the reactor.The values obtained in terms of COD in samples of influent and effluent filters with activated carbon were: - Stage I: 457 and 38 mg.L-1 (94% of removal); - Stage II: 291 and 79 mg.L-1 (79% of removal), with clay ceramic were: - Stage I: 457 e 81 mg.L-1 (81% of removal); - Stage II: 291 and 129 mg.L-1 (60% of removal) and tire rubber were: - Stage I: 457 and 58 mg.L-1 (88% of removal); - Stage II: 291 and 117 mg.L-1 (63% of removal). The Kruskal-Wallis Statistical test and the Dun post-test confirmed the experimental data and proved from most part of parameters there is difference on values between the filters and between the two steps. Being the differences obtained between the filters due to distinct characteristics of each material, and the differences between the steps happened by hydraulic charging increased, because the ascending speed increased reduce the retention cellular therefore the degree of stability. However, material support allow the filters more stability and good degradation efficiencies.

CAPES; / As características do material suportem afetam diretamente a eficiência de um reator, pois o número e os tipos de células que aderem em cada meio suporte podem variar de um material para outro. A partir do desenvolvimento dos primeiros filtros anaeróbios um ponto crucial identificado pela comunidade científica foi a busca por materiais suportes que melhor se adequassem, ou seja, inertes à biomassa imobilizada, proporcionando bons resultados, facilidade operacional e economicamente viáveis. Uma alternativa é a utilização de materiais alternativos para preenchimento dos filtros, com estrutura resistente, biológica e quimicamente inerte, leveza, maior área específica e porosidade elevada, com possibilidade de colonização acelerada dos microrganismos e custos reduzidos. Neste trabalho foram avaliadas a estabilidade e o comportamento hidrodinâmico de três filtros anaeróbios de fluxo ascendente, operados de modo contínuo, preenchidos com diferentes meios suportes para imobilização da biomassa, sendo carvão vegetal, cerâmica de argila e borracha de pneu, no tratamento de água residuária sintética à base de glicose como fonte de carbono. Os filtros, em escala de bancada (1,3 L), foram operados com TDH de 8 h e 4 h em duas etapas e mantidos a temperatura ambiente. A caracterização físico-química dos materiais foi realizada com determinação dos parâmetros pH, massa específica aparente, densidade, teor de umidade, material volátil, teor de cinzas, número de iodo, porosidade, granulometria, análise da morfologia, área superficial, volume e tamanho dos poros. O comportamento dos filtros foi avaliado por meio da determinação dos parâmetros de pH, temperatura do líquido, alcalinidade total e a bicarbonato, ácidos voláteis e DQO nas amostras do afluente e do efluente. Além disso, foram realizados ensaios de estímulo-resposta tipo pulso com eosina Y como traçador para avaliar o comportamento hidrodinâmico do reator. O desempenho dos filtros em termos de pH, alcalinidade total e a bicarbonato e ácidos voláteis foi estável nas duas etapas de operação. Os valores obtidos em termos de DQO nas amostras do afluente e efluente dos filtros com carvão ativado foram: - Etapa I: 457 e 38 mg.L-1 (94% de remoção); - Etapa II: 291 e 79 mg.L-1 (79% de remoção); com cerâmica de argila foram: - Etapa I: 457 e 81 mg.L-1 (81% de remoção); - Etapa II:: 291 0 e 129 mg.L-1 (60% de remoção); e com borracha de pneu foram: - Etapa I: 457 e 58 mg.L-1 (88% de remoção); - Etapa II: 291 e 117 mg.L-1 (63% de remoção). O teste estatístico de Kruskal-Wallis. e o pósteste de Dunn confirmaram os dados experimentais e provaram que para maior parte dos parâmetros há diferença nos valores entre os filtros e entre as duas etapas. Sendo as diferenças obtidas entre os filtro devido as características distintas de cada material, e as diferenças entre as etapas ocorrem pelo aumento da carga hidráulica, pois o aumento da velocidade ascensional diminui o tempo de retenção celular e assim o grau de estabilidade. Contudo, meio suporte permitem aos filtros mais estabilidade e boas eficiências de degradação. / The characteristics of material directly affect the reactor efficiency, because the number and the types of cells what adhere in each material support can be totally different from material to another. From the development of the first anaerobic filters an important point identified by the scientific community was the search for materials that support better fitted, i.e. biomass immobilized inert, providing good results, operating ease and economically viable. An alternative is to use alternative materials for filling of filters, with sturdy structure, biologically and chemically inert, lightness, bigger specific area and high porosity, with possibility of rapid colonization of microorganisms and reduced costs. In this thesis it was evaluated the stability and the hydrodynamic behavior of three upflow anaerobic filter, operated in continuous mode, filled with different material support from immobilization to biomass being active carbon, clay ceramic and tire rubber in the synthetic wastewater treatment on based glucose as carbon source. The filter, in bench scale (1,3 L), was operated HRT to 8 hours and 4 hours in two steps Kept at ambient temperature. The physicochemical characterization of the materials was carried out with determination of parameters pH, bulk density apparent, density, moisture content, volatile material, ash content, iodine number, porosity, particle size, morphology analysis, surface area, volume and size pores. The behavior of the filters was evaluated by determining the parameters pH, liquid temperature, total and bicarbonate alkalinity, volatile acids and COD in samples of influent and effluent. Further, tests were performed stimulus-response type pulse with eosin Y, to evaluate the hydrodynamic regime of the reactor.The values obtained in terms of COD in samples of influent and effluent filters with activated carbon were: - Stage I: 457 and 38 mg.L-1 (94% of removal); - Stage II: 291 and 79 mg.L-1 (79% of removal), with clay ceramic were: - Stage I: 457 e 81 mg.L-1 (81% of removal); - Stage II: 291 and 129 mg.L-1 (60% of removal) and tire rubber were: - Stage I: 457 and 58 mg.L-1 (88% of removal); - Stage II: 291 and 117 mg.L-1 (63% of removal). The Kruskal-Wallis Statistical test and the Dun post-test confirmed the experimental data and proved from most part of parameters there is difference on values between the filters and between the two steps. Being the differences obtained between the filters due to distinct characteristics of each material, and the differences between the steps happened by hydraulic charging increased, because the ascending speed increased reduce the retention cellular therefore the degree of stability. However, material support allow the filters more stability and good degradation efficiencies.