This thesis explores male sexual assault and sexual harassment perpetration. The theoretical orientations were constituted of a theoretical synthesis of primarily Max Weber's theory of action, motivation and subjective meaning, and theoretical aspects of sensemaking. Four research questions were divided into two qualitative studies. Study 1 conducted a systematic review of a diverse field of the research literature on sexual harassment and sexual assault perpetration. The two objectives of study 1 were to explore what kinds of factors are associated with sexual harassment and sexual assault perpetration and what kinds of meanings the research literature attributes to perpetrators actions. The first objective of study 2 was constituted of a qualitative investigation of what kinds of subjective meanings selfidentified perpetrators attribute to their actions. Analysis relied on a hermeneutical interpretation of meaning. Empirical materials were obtained via asynchronous online inquiries and collection of confessional online posts authored by self-identified perpetrators. The second objective of study 2 was to explore in what ways factors associated with male sexual harassment and/or sexual assault perpetration against women affect the subjective meanings perpetrators' attribute to their actions. Findings from study 1 (research review) suggest that sexual misconduct is associated with factors stemming from individual (e.g. psychological characteristics), social (e.g. norms, attitudes and beliefs of how to act as a man), situational (e.g. alcohol intoxication's distortion of meaning and detrimental effect on judgement), communicative (e.g. misperception and misinterpretation of cues from women) and power-related (e.g. sexually harassing or assaulting as a means to obtain or to exert power) factors. Findings further suggest that the research literature attributes obtainment of sexual/physical gratification, exertion of power, will to power and obtainment of a perceived sense of control as primary meanings of perpetrators sexually coercive or harassing actions. Primary findings of study 2 highlight the complex nature of power and its central relation to sexual misconduct, where perpetrators attribute will to power, obtainment of sexual gratification, obtaining enjoyment from exerting power, and ideological subordination as the subjective meaning of their actions. Suggested further is that selfidentified perpetrators attribution of subjective meanings to their actions is characterized by a sensemaking practice of moral disengagement, where distortion of the meaning of sexually oriented actions through euphemistic labeling and perceiving sexually coercive behaviors as a form of game or play are central aspects. Lastly, analysis of the empirical materials in this study suggests that the subjective meanings these men attribute to their actions are associated with individual, socioculturally embedded, situational, communicative and power-related factors.

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(理学) / 甲第22033号 / 理博第4537号 / 新制||理||1652(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院理学研究科生物科学専攻 / (主査)准教授 森 哲, 教授 沼田 英治, 教授 中務 真人 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Science / Kyoto University / DGAM

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Due to an extreme asymmetry in parental investment, raising the potential for sexual conflict, orangutans provide unique insights into the role of sexual conflict in male and female reproductive strategies. Sexual selection acts on reproductive strategies, selecting for strategies that increase an individual's reproductive success. Sexual conflict results when the reproductive strategies of one sex impose costs on the other. Three forms of sexual selection have been documented in orangutans—male-male competition, female choice, and sexual coercion. This dissertation asks (1) how males employ reproductive strategies to increase their likelihood of reproductive success in the face of multi-male mating by females and (2) how females employ reproductive strategies to enact female choice and increase infant survival in the face of male-male competition and sexual coercion. I investigate these two questions using genetic paternity, long-term association data, and a year of behavioral data from orangutans (Pongo pygmaeus wurmbii) in Gunung Palung National Park, West Kalimantan, Indonesia. Brown-modified Hinde Indices, initiation and termination of associations, and following data reveal that female participation is necessary to sustain longer male-female associations and females use facultative associations to employ mate choice. Genetic paternity determination found low reproductive skew, with flanged males siring more offspring than unflanged males. Investigation of female infanticide avoidance strategies showed that females with dependent offspring under age six associate with males less often than other categories of females do, and mothers decrease the distance with their offspring during associations with males. These results highlight the importance of both female choice and male-male competition in reproductive outcomes, and illustrate how facultative associations play a key role in the reproductive strategies of both male and female orangutans. Both sexes’ strategies are studied, demonstrating the dynamic co-evolution of strategies and counterstrategies. I also consider the implications of these findings for the evolution of male bimaturism. Examining orangutan mating and reproductive behaviors deepens our understanding of how sexual conflict and sexual selection have shaped their unusual mating system and broadens our understanding of sexual conflict in reproductive strategies in a species with an extreme disparity between maternal and paternal investment. / 2025-08-31T00:00:00Z

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The topic of my diploma thesis is Sexual coercion (section 186 of the Criminal Code) and other crimes against human dignity in the sexual field deals with, besides the fundamental topic of sexual coercion and other crimes, which are mentioned in the third chapter of the special part of Act. No. 40/2009 Coll., Criminal Code. Although these typical sexual offences constitute only a tiny fraction of total criminality, we can label them as the most serious offenses of all, since the consequences they leave for victims are often irreparable. Although the offense of sexual coercion has been introduced into the legal systém for a short time, it has been found in a few cases for a short time and has confirmed that it is very appropriate tool for supplementing rape (§ 185 CC) and sexual abuse (§ 187 CC). The main aim of this thesis is to clarify the facts of the offense sexual coercion, to discuss its object, the physical elements (actus reus), the perpetrator (subject) and the mental elements (mens rea). For this reason, the introductory part is devoted to the historical context and the overall development of sexual offenses in our territory. After this introductory chapter on history, another chapter is dedicated to the current treatment of sexual offenses. The purpose of this chapter is in particular to...

Esta dissertação enfoca o tema a partir da análise de narrativas de jovens (homens e mulheres, entre 18 e 24 anos), residentes em três capitais brasileiras (Rio de Janeiro, Porto Alegre e Salvador), acerca de experiências envolvendo sexo por constrangimento ou forçado. Os relatos são examinados à luz de uma produção internacional que discute a questão da coerção sexual. Os dados analisados correspondem a uma sub-amostra de 46 entrevistas com jovens pertencentes a camadas médias e populares, selecionadas do conjunto de 123 entrevistas que integraram a fase qualitativa da pesquisa GRAVAD (Gravidez na Adolescência: Estudo Multicêntrico sobre Jovens, Sexualidade e Reprodução no Brasil). A leitura do material empírico buscou situar os episódios narrados nas biografias individuais e refletir sobre as representações dos sujeitos sobre gênero e sexualidade e os aspectos dessas trajetórias capazes de conduzir a um entendimento de tais eventos. Moças e rapazes relataram distintas experiências de sexo contra vontade, que variavam de acordo com o contexto e o tipo de coerção utilizada e/ou sofrida. As dinâmicas das relações entre os gêneros revelam que, na negociação sexual, consentimento e desejo nem sempre andam juntos. Em determinadas condições, certos modos de constrangimento são tidos como constitutivos dos jogos de sedução. A análise das narrativas evidencia o caráter relacional e contextual das interações afetivo-sexuais entre os gêneros e do que pode ser qualificado como violência. Tal conclusão, conduziu ao questionamento acerca da positividade atribuída a certas atitudes e comportamentos sexuais categorizados como violentos por diversos estudos dedicados ao tema. / This dissertation presents the (reported) experiences concerned to sex imposed by pressure or by use of force of young men and woman (from the age of 18 to 24 years old), who live in three Brazilian capitals (Rio de Janeiro, Porto Alegre and Salvador). The reports are examined in the light of an international production discussing the subject of sexual coercion. The data corresponds to a sub-sample from 46 interviews with youngsters of middle-class and lower classes, selected from a group of 123 interviews concerning the qualitative data of GRAVAD research (Teenage Pregnancy: A Multi-centered Study about Youth, Sexuality and Reproduction in Brazil). Young men and women related different experiences of forced sex, which vary according to the context and the kind of coercion used and/or suffered. The dynamics of gender relations reveal that, in terms of sexual negotiation, agreement and desire are not always together. Under certain circumstances, some forms of coercion are taken as part of the seduction interaction. The analysis of the narratives clarifies the relational and contextual character of the affective and sexual interactions between genders and what can be qualified as violence. Such conclusion lead to the questioning of the positivism attributed to some sexual conducts categorized as violent by many studies dedicated to the theme.

Esta dissertação enfoca o tema a partir da análise de narrativas de jovens (homens e mulheres, entre 18 e 24 anos), residentes em três capitais brasileiras (Rio de Janeiro, Porto Alegre e Salvador), acerca de experiências envolvendo sexo por constrangimento ou forçado. Os relatos são examinados à luz de uma produção internacional que discute a questão da coerção sexual. Os dados analisados correspondem a uma sub-amostra de 46 entrevistas com jovens pertencentes a camadas médias e populares, selecionadas do conjunto de 123 entrevistas que integraram a fase qualitativa da pesquisa GRAVAD (Gravidez na Adolescência: Estudo Multicêntrico sobre Jovens, Sexualidade e Reprodução no Brasil). A leitura do material empírico buscou situar os episódios narrados nas biografias individuais e refletir sobre as representações dos sujeitos sobre gênero e sexualidade e os aspectos dessas trajetórias capazes de conduzir a um entendimento de tais eventos. Moças e rapazes relataram distintas experiências de sexo contra vontade, que variavam de acordo com o contexto e o tipo de coerção utilizada e/ou sofrida. As dinâmicas das relações entre os gêneros revelam que, na negociação sexual, consentimento e desejo nem sempre andam juntos. Em determinadas condições, certos modos de constrangimento são tidos como constitutivos dos jogos de sedução. A análise das narrativas evidencia o caráter relacional e contextual das interações afetivo-sexuais entre os gêneros e do que pode ser qualificado como violência. Tal conclusão, conduziu ao questionamento acerca da positividade atribuída a certas atitudes e comportamentos sexuais categorizados como violentos por diversos estudos dedicados ao tema. / This dissertation presents the (reported) experiences concerned to sex imposed by pressure or by use of force of young men and woman (from the age of 18 to 24 years old), who live in three Brazilian capitals (Rio de Janeiro, Porto Alegre and Salvador). The reports are examined in the light of an international production discussing the subject of sexual coercion. The data corresponds to a sub-sample from 46 interviews with youngsters of middle-class and lower classes, selected from a group of 123 interviews concerning the qualitative data of GRAVAD research (Teenage Pregnancy: A Multi-centered Study about Youth, Sexuality and Reproduction in Brazil). Young men and women related different experiences of forced sex, which vary according to the context and the kind of coercion used and/or suffered. The dynamics of gender relations reveal that, in terms of sexual negotiation, agreement and desire are not always together. Under certain circumstances, some forms of coercion are taken as part of the seduction interaction. The analysis of the narratives clarifies the relational and contextual character of the affective and sexual interactions between genders and what can be qualified as violence. Such conclusion lead to the questioning of the positivism attributed to some sexual conducts categorized as violent by many studies dedicated to the theme.

Sexual coercion (section 186 of the Penal Code) and other offences against human dignity in sexual sphere My diploma thesis analyzes of the sexual coercion and it also applies to comparison of the sexual coercion with the other offences against human dignity in sexual sphere, mainly with the rape and the sexual abuse. The sexual coercion is newly (since 2009) included in the Czech Penal Code, namely in the section 186 of this Penal Code. There we find seven subsection (paragraphs) of its editing. The main aim of this text is interpret individual legal signs of the elements of the sexual coercion, particularly the object, the physical elements (actus reus), the offender (the subject) and the mental elements (mens rea). I try to put this aim into context. In the beginning, I sketch of the historical evolution of the legislation of the sexual offences. After that, I deal with the criminological excursion about sexual crime (crime against human dignity). Then this text continues with the concise essay on the present legislation of the sexual offences and their classification. After that, the major part of this thesis describes some terms that are related to the sexual coercion. In this part, I try to compare Czech legislation of the sexual offences with German, Austrian and Swiss legislation, because...