Masters in Public Administration - MPA / The South African Department of Basic Education (DBE), in response to escalating HIV infection, teenage pregnancy and risky sexual behaviours among learners, introduced and implemented comprehensive sexuality education (CSE) within the Life Orientation (LO) curriculum using scripted lesson plans (SLP) in the year 2015. The implementation of CSE globally, and in Africa, though assessed to be successful, is not without its challenges. In South Africa, A five year DBE pilot programme (2015-2020) is being implemented and facilitated by Education Development Centre (EDC) in five provinces of South Africa. Life Orientation educators are responsible for the implementation of CSE lessons, utilising the newly developed DBE CSE scripted lessons plans in the five pilot provinces.

Drug abuse as well as risky sexual behaviours has been identified, globally as well as in South Africa, as social problems with dire consequences. Research suggests that crystal methamphetamine use leads to risky sexual behaviours such having unprotected sex, which can lead to unplanned pregnancies, and sexually transmitted infections (STI's) including HIV infection. Adolescents as well as females have been identified as risk populations for both sexual risk behaviours and drug abuse. Furthermore, the Western Cape showed high rates of crystal methamphetamine addiction, especially in the under 20 age category, and the highest increase in the incidence of HIV infections in South Africa. This may be indicative of the magnitude of the problem of risky sexual behaviours in the context of crystal methamphetamine use in the Western Cape.

Drug abuse as well as risky sexual behaviours has been identified, globally as well as in South Africa, as social problems with dire consequences. Research suggests that crystal methamphetamine use leads to risky sexual behaviours such having unprotected sex, which can lead to unplanned pregnancies, and sexually transmitted infections (STI's) including HIV infection. Adolescents as well as females have been identified as risk populations for both sexual risk behaviours and drug abuse. Furthermore, the Western Cape showed high rates of crystal methamphetamine addiction, especially in the under 20 age category, and the highest increase in the incidence of HIV infections in South Africa. This may be indicative of the magnitude of the problem of risky sexual behaviours in the context of crystal methamphetamine use in the Western Cape.

Magister Artium (Psychology) - MA(Psych) / Drug abuse as well as risky sexual behaviours has been identified, globally as well as in South Africa, as social problems with dire consequences. Research suggests that crystal methamphetamine use leads to risky sexual behaviours such having unprotected sex, which can lead to unplanned pregnancies, and sexually transmitted infections (STI's) including HIV infection. Adolescents as well as females have been identified as risk populations for both sexual risk behaviours and drug abuse. Furthermore, the Western Cape showed high rates of crystal methamphetamine addiction, especially in the under 20 age category, and the highest increase in the incidence of HIV infections in South Africa. This may be indicative of the magnitude of the problem of risky sexual behaviours in the context of crystal methamphetamine use in the Western Cape. / South Africa

När det på 1990-talet uppmärksammades att barn kunde utsätta andra barn för sexuella övergrepp stod behandlingspersonal handfallna. Detta var något som det aldrig tidigare pratats om och ingen visste hur man egentligen skulle tackla problemet. Tack vare Rädda Barnen, Börje Svensson och Anders Nyman kunde ett behandlingsarbete utvecklas. Svensson och Nyman startade upp Rädda Barnens Pojkmottagning och tog emot både flickor och pojkar med sexuella problembeteenden. Efter att denna målgrupp uppmärksammades började så sakterliga utvecklingen av behandlingsmodeller. Utvecklingen är en process som fortgår idag.                       Syftet med denna uppsats har varit att studera forskningsanvändningen för det praktiska arbetet med barn och unga med ett sexuellt problembeteende. Utifrån detta har intervjuer skett med profesionella praktiker som möter dessa barn och ungdomar för  att höra deras reflektioner om vad som gör att ett barn eller en ung människa utvecklar den här typen av beteende samt vad som är en effektiv behandlingsmetod för målgruppen. Vi har sedan ställt detta mot den redan existerande forskningen, för att se på praktikernas kunskapsanvändning och hur den förklaras med hjälp av den nyinstitutionella organisationsteorin, som belyser olika aktörers sätt att se på ett fenomen. Den första delen utgör det existerande kunskapsläget kring behandlingar samt hur forskare har kunnat identifiera orsaksförklaringar bakom ett sexuellt problembeteende. Det finns meningsskiljaktigheter i orsaksförklairngar. Andra delen består av intervjuer med sju stycken praktiker som har arbetat eller arbetar inom dett område. Det finns skiljaktigheter kring svaren och hur man arbetar med dessa barn och ungdomar. Under analysen ställs praktikernas erfarenheter och kunskap i relation till det kunskapsläge som existerar, detta göra genom den nyinstitutionella organisationsteorin.Studien avslutas med våra egna reflektioner kring studien. / During the 1990’s it was first discovered that children could sexually abuse other children. This made the care staff stand lost towards the task to help these children. This was something that had not previously been talked about and there were not much knowledge in the area. When Börje Svensson and Anders Nyman started a project with Rädda Barnen, a treatment program started to develop. Svensson and Nyman started to treat young girls and boys who had problematic sexual behaviors. After this treatment program started to slowly develop and is a process that continues today.      The purpose of this thesis is to look at the implications of scientific studies in the practical work when it comes to children and adolescents with problematic sexual behaviors. We have chosen to talk to professionals who meet these children and young people, to hear their thoughts on what it is that makes a child or a young person develop this type of behavior and how you best treat it. We then compared the results from the interviews against the already existing researches. The first part of the thesis consists the existing state of knowledge on treatment and causal explanations in children and adolescents with problematic sexual behaviors. The second part consists the results of the interviews with seven professional’s working in this field and their opinions as well as their views on treatment and causal explanations. The last part contains a comparative analysis between the scientific researches and the working professional’s knowledge. The analysis conducts the institutional theories of organizations.

Cette recherche s’engage à comprendre la question des orientations sexuelles, en essayant de répondre aux questions soulevées par les comportements des sujets qui souffrent à cause de leur orientation homo/hétérosexuelle ou d’autres préférences. Cette étude propose d'abord des questions et méthodologies avec l’objectif de faire une recherche crédible sur la transmission intergénérationnelle et les orientations sexuelles. Elle s'adresse d'abord aux homo/hétérosexuels eux-mêmes, hommes et femmes, qu'ils soient sortis ou non de leur souffrance, qu'ils vivent seuls ou en couple. Elle doit leur permettre de mieux saisir les spécificités de ce qu’ils ont introjecté tout au long de leur cycle de vie pour conquérir leur identité sexuelle/orientation sexuelle et, surtout, débusquer l'homophobie sous toutes ses formes, y compris celle qu'ils portent souvent en eux-mêmes. Mais elle s'adresse aussi, de manière générale, à tous ceux qui ne sont pas satisfaits des clichés et des préjugés habituels identificatoires/orientations sexuelles différents de la civilisation hétérosexualiste. Il s’agit de faire connaissances des causes psychosociales et cliniques pour pouvoir intervenir dans le domaine de la santé. En tant que cliniciens, nous présentons une recherche qui exploite les causes qui déterminent des comportements sexuels chez les humains, surtout les formes de développement psychosexuel versus activité sexuelle. / The purpose of this research is to understand the issue of the sexual orientations, trying to answer the questions raised by the behavior of those who suffer with their homosexuality or other sexual orientation. This study firstly suggests questions and methodologies aiming to do a credible research about the attachment and sexual orientations. This research is firstly addressed to the homo/heterosexuals themselves, men and women, who have assumed themselves or not, whether they live alone or as a couple. It must allow them to better understand the details of their sexual orientation and, above all, to scrutinize the homophobia in all its ways, taking in account that one which most of the time they have in themselves, without knowing. However it’s also addressed, in a general way, to those who are not pleased with the usual clichés and prejudices of the different sexual orientations of the heterosexual society. The question is to know the clinical and psychosocial causes in order to be able to intervene in the health domain. As doctors, we present a research that explores the causes, which determine the homo/heterosexual behaviors between humans, especially the patterns of psychosexual development versus sexual activity.

Les défauts d’odeurs, liés à l’accumulation d’androsténone et de scatol dans le tissu adipeux, sont le frein majeur à l’élevage des porcs mâles entiers. L’androsténone est produite par les testicules et le scatol dans le colon. En dehors de la génétique et de l’alimentation, les facteurs de variation ont été peu étudiés.La thèse aborde le problème des odeurs sexuelles sous quatre angles : 1) estimer l’héritabilité des composés odorants du tissu gras et leurs corrélations génétiques avec des indicateurs de santé, du développement sexuel et de l’agressivité ; 2) étudier l’effet de la dominance sur ces composés ; 3) déterminer l’impact d’un état inflammatoire chronique modéré sur le développement sexuel et la concentration en androsténone ; 4) rechercher les effets de conditions d’hygiène contrastées sur la teneur en scatol et analyser l’implication du microbiote intestinalNos résultats confirment l’héritabilité forte des teneurs en composés odorants mais les corrélations génétiques avec les paramètres de santé sont faibles. Une sélection pour réduire la concentration plasmatique en œstradiol et testostérone permettrait de réduire à la fois les teneurs en composés odorants et l’agressivité des porcs. Les porcs de rang de dominance élevé ont une teneur en androsténone supérieure dans le gras. Un état inflammatoire chronique modéré ne semble pas affecter la teneur en androsténone. Enfin, la dégradation de l’hygiène du logement augmente fortement la concentration en scatol, probablement via des changements de composition du microbiote intestinal. / Boar taint, due to the accumulation of androstenone and skatole in the fat tissue, is the major constraint to the production of entire male pigs. Androstenone is produced by the testes. Its synthesis increases during pubertal development. Skatole is produced in the hind gut. Its hepatic catabolism is inhibited by sexual steroids. Apart from genetics and feeding, the factors affecting boar taint have been little studied.The current thesis approaches four aspects of the boar taint problem: 1) the heritability of the fat content of odorous compounds in the fat tissue and their genetic correlations with indicators of health, sexual development and aggressiveness; 2) to study the effect of dominance on the fat content of boar taint compounds; 3) to determine the influence of a moderate chronic inflammatory status on the sexual development and the fat concentration in androstenone; 4) to evaluate the effect of contrasting hygiene conditions on the fat concentration in skatole and, to analyOur results confirm the high heritability of the fat concentrations of boar taint compounds but their genetic correlations with health indicators are low. A selection to decrease the plasma concentrations in estradiol and testosterone should decrease both boar taint compound concentrations and aggressiveness of boars. Boars with a high dominance rank have a higher fat concentration in androstenone. Lastly, the degradation of the housing hygiene conditions strongly increases the concentration in skatole, probably through modifications in gut microbiota composition

This study was designed to determine the prevalence of substance use and risky sexual behaviours among university students in Ethiopia and examine whether personality traits predict substance use and risky sexual behaviours. Using a cross-sectional quantitative design, data were obtained from 2620 undergraduate students selected through stratified multistage sampling. Personality traits were measured through John, Donahue, and Kentle‘s (1991) Big Five Inventories [BFI-44]. Substance use and risky sexual behaviours were assessed using risky behaviour scales adapted from Miller et al. (2004) and Zuckerman and Kuhlman (2000). Statistical analysis was performed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) Version 20 and Analysis of Moment Structure (AMOS) Version 22 software. The findings revealed that 72.18% of the respondents reported that they have used at least one kind of substance in their lifetime and 50.27% of the participants had consumed at least one kind of substance in the past 30 days before the survey. The current prevalence of substance use was 46.3%, 16.1%, 9.9%, 6.8%, and 5.0% for drinking alcohol, chewing khat, smoking shisha, smoking cigarettes and marijuana use respectively. About 40.2% of respondents had sexual intercourse at least once in their lifetime and 25.6% had sex in the past three months before the study. Among sexually active respondents, 35% began sexual intercourse at the age of 17 years old or younger; 64.3% had multiple sexual partners; 53.1% had substance-induced sex, 62.03% had unsafe sex, and 45.3% had casual sex at least once. Males were found to be more at risk of substance use and risky sexual behaviours. Analysis of the structural relation revealed that conscientiousness and agreeableness traits were significant negative predictors and extraversion was a significant positive predictor of substance use and risky sexual behaviours. Neuroticism had a significant direct effect only on substance use. Substance use mediated the effect of personality traits on risky sexual behaviours. There was gender moderation or variation on the effect of personality traits on substance use and risky sexual behaviours. Therefore, the findings may imply that health risk behaviours were highly prevalent among students, which requires special prevention and intervention. Personality traits can be used to identify the vulnerable individuals and design programs aimed at developing behaviours underlying the protective traits. / Psychology / D. Litt. et Phil. (Psychology)

Sexual guilt can occur when one's beliefs or attitudes about sex do not match with their sexual behaviors. Sexual guilt has been studied in the context of religious individuals, but research has produced inconsistent results (Hackathorn et al., 2016; Higgins et al., 2010; Leonhardt et al., 2019; Murray et al., 2007). Through a survey placed on Mturk, this study used 156 participants for data analysis. Data analysis consisted of five regressions. This study found that religiosity and relationship satisfaction are positively associated, sexual guilt and relationship satisfaction are negatively associated, sexual guilt moderated the relationship of religiosity and relationship satisfaction, conflict between sexual attitudes and behaviors was associated with lower relationship satisfaction, religiosity and sexual satisfaction had a positive association, sexual guilt and sexual satisfaction had a negative association, sexual guilt had a moderating effect on religiosity and sexual satisfaction, conflict between attitudes and behaviors was associated with more sexual guilt, and religiosity was found to be positively associated with sexual guilt. This study relates these findings to past research and posits future directions for this field of study.<div><br></div><div><br><br></div>

Early engagement in sexual activities amongst adolescents has become a worldwide concern, with studies finding them to begin as early as 12 or earlier (Booysen & Summerton, 2000; Dowsett & Aggleton, 1999). The behaviour becomes even more concerning when youths engage in sexual relationships which are considered as “risky”, that is, that put their health and wellbeing in danger. According to Trends (2010), such behaviour increases one’s risk of contracting sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and unintended pregnancies. Guided by Bronfenbrenner’s ecological model, this study investigated risky sexual behaviours amongst adolescents living in the rural areas. The motivation was twofold, namely: to change the behaviours and to strengthen school sexuality education programme. The study aligned itself to qualitative paradigm and adopted a case study design. Data was collected using focus interviews with 20 adolescents (10 boys and 10 girls) in the age range of 15-17 years, who were selected following purposive sampling. The findings revealed adolescents’ tendencies of engaging in risky sexual behaviours such as: sexual relationship with older people, involvement with multiple partners, unstable relationship, pornography, sex in exchange of money. Factors contributing to these behaviours include: limited sexuality education, parents not teaching about sexuality education, lack of good role models, poverty, and fear to disclose problems to teachers, ostentatious lifestyles, peer pressure, and myths about sex. Suggestions put forth for preventing involving risky sexual behaviours include: appropriate school programmes, good learner-teacher relationship, effective communication with parents, strengthening of the learning content of Life Orientation, discipline at home, good friends, closing down of illegal taverns, illegalising sex with young boys and girls and restricting access to pornography on the internet. In conclusion, I suggest that the problem be addressed ecosystematically. / Inclusive Education / M. Ed. (Inclusive Education)