A pesquisa aferiu junto as operárias da empresa metalúrgica FAET sua percepção do significado do trabalho e da sobrecarga doméstica em suas vidas. A partir de uma fundamentação da centralidade do trabalho na sociedade capitalista, da importância do trabalho para a formação do ser social e da influência da divisão social do trabalho na manutenção das desigualdades no âmbito do trabalho e da família. / The research verified, among women workers in the metallurgic company FAET, their perception of the meaning of their work and of the domestic surcharge they carry in their lives. This research was built based on some fundaments: the centrality of work in capitalist society, the importance of work to build the social being, and the influence of the division of work to maintain the prevailing inequalities in work and in family

Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-14T13:24:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 528245 bytes, checksum: db1c21270f86cda15c98f4c428cd3dc8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-08-27 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / This essay aims to study domestic employment in João Pessoa city in order to investigate the working conditions of unionized housekeepers in the labor market in the city of João Pessoa, the difficulties faced in the workplace and to lesser qualifications and remuneration of those employed are settled in the permanence of sexism, racism and poverty in society. Presents the historical context of gender category and feminism in Brazil, a critical reading of the sexual division of labor, a reflection about domestic work in Brazil and specifically in Paraiba, pointing some legal goals and union struggles. The research reveal that the devaluation of domestic work in João Pessoa is permeated by gender discrimination, social class and race / ethnicity that are intertwined with each other, as structural dimensions of social reality. Thus, research about housekeepers in João Pessoa indicated the same category challenges in Brazil, such as the exploitation of the working day, the double shift and informality, revealing a inferior and enslaved job. However, there is recognition of domestic work as a worthy and decent profession by these workers. This research helped to subsidize the academia data through about the domestic work reality in Joao Pessoa - the union of the maids, the social movement and feminist with data regarding (housekeepers employment socioeconomic conditions affiliated to the Union of Workers and Housekeepers in the city of João Pessoa. Besides collaborating with reflections on gender inequalities and work in this middle in Social Service. / A presente dissertação tem como objeto de estudo o emprego doméstico na cidade de João Pessoa, buscando investigar as condições de trabalho das empregadas domésticas sindicalizadas do município de João Pessoa; às dificuldades enfrentadas no trabalho e se a menor qualificação e remuneração dessas empregadas estão assentadas na permanência do machismo, do racismo e da pobreza na sociedade. Apresenta o contexto histórico da categoria gênero e do feminismo brasileiro, uma leitura crítica da divisão sexual do trabalho, uma reflexão sobre o trabalho doméstico no Brasil e especificamente na Paraíba, pontuando alguns marcos legais e lutas sindicais. A pesquisa indicou que na desvalorização do trabalho doméstico na cidade de João Pessoa é permeada por discriminações de gênero, de classe social e de raça/etnia que estão imbricadas entre si, como dimensões estruturantes da realidade social. Desse modo, apresentou os mesmos desafios da categoria no Brasil, como a exploração da jornada de trabalho, a dupla jornada e a informalidade, revelando um trabalho subalternizado e escravizado. Contudo, há um reconhecimento do trabalho doméstico como uma profissão digna e decente por parte dessas trabalhadoras. Esta pesquisa contribuiu para subsidiar o meio acadêmico, o Sindicato das empregadas domésticas, o movimento social e feminista com dados a respeito do trabalho doméstico em João Pessoa, especialmente as condições socioeconômicas de trabalho das empregadas domésticas filiadas ao Sindicato das Trabalhadoras e Trabalhadores Domésticos do Município de João Pessoa e Região. Além de colaborar com as reflexões sobre as desigualdades de gênero e trabalho nesse campo no Serviço Social.

M.A. (Psychology) / Please refer to full text to view abstract

Sexism tends to be a culturally accepted form of prejudice. I propose the relatively strong trivialization of societal sexism stems from the unique benefits that men receive from the gender status hierarchy, compared to other types of group-based hierarchies. Three studies examined why people, men in particular, trivialize or justify gender bias in relation to other types of group-based biases. Study 1 was a correlational study that examined whether participants downplay the existence and social harm of gender bias in relation to racial, religious, and sexual orientation bias, moderated by participant gender. Participants reported stronger trivialization and denial of gender bias, compared to other three types of bias. Study 2 experimentally tested whether White men’s justifications for gender bias, in relation to racial bias, stems from the dyadic benefits men receive in interpersonal relationships with women. White men high in proximal benefits reported stronger essentialist justifications in the gender bias, compared to the racial bias condition. Study 3 examined whether heterosexual men, compared to heterosexual women and gay men, endorse stronger justifications for gender bias, compared to sexual orientation bias. Heterosexual men endorsed stronger essentialist justifications in the gender bias, compared to the sexual orientation bias condition. Implications of these findings are discussed.

A growing body of research conducted globally has shown that parents may have a positive influence on sexual decision making and safe-sex practices of their children. The gendered nature of these conversations may be especially important, but attention to this dimension of parent-child communication remains limited. Using the qualitative data from the Linking Lives India study, this dissertation attempts to fill the gap in the current literature on role of gender in communication about sexual health between parents and their same sex adolescents in a rural tribal area in Maharashtra. It also attempts to look at the gender differences in experiences of intimacy among adolescents in the study site. Using the Theory of gender and power the study shows that gender disparities that arise from the three structures- sexual division of power (psycho-social factors), sexual division of labor (economic factors) and cathexis (social norms) generate different risks factors that affect women and girls negatively more than men and boys; specifically, in the context of sexual communication. The data elucidates that these exposures and risk factors affect mothers’ access to knowledge / information and ability to communicate with their daughters about sexual health. It also negatively affects girls’ ability to access information and communicate about sexual health with their mothers in comparison to their male counterpart.

Bibliography: pages 201-215. / This study provides a feminist perspective on aspects of change in white women's lives in South Africa between 1960 and 1990. Changing patterns of women's work, where work encompasses unpaid domestic labour as well as paid employment outside the home, are traced. The different ways in which women have combined their socially defined obligations as wives and mothers, as employees or employers, are considered. The primary sources used include open-ended interviews with women, magazines and the publications of women's organisations. The period 1960-1973 was one in which most white women left the paid labour force after marrying. Towards the end of the period, in the context of a booming economy and a perceived shortage of skilled white labour, more white wives were remaining in employment after marriage. The media, women's organisations, the state, big business and white male workers were addressing, in different ways, the conflict between white wives entering paid employment and the necessity to protect traditional values whereby 'good' wives stayed at home. 1974-1984 saw large and increasing numbers of white wives taking up paid work, both part-time and full-time. The period saw employed wives becoming increasingly commonplace, while the range of occupations open to them expanded. Observing that most remained in the lower levels of corporate hierarchies, women's organisations focused on eliminating the 'glass ceilings' said to block women's entry to higher paid positions. By 1985-1990, women were encouraged to be ambitious, assertive and to strive for self-fulfilment through their careers. The conflict of trying to achieve in the male dominated business world, combined with a sexual division of labour that persisted in defining the home and the family as women's work, saw many women leave the work place to start up home-based businesses.

The purpose of this thesis is to explore how stay-at-home fathers view their role as the primary caregiver, and how they encounter opposing masculinity issues. This is explored through discussion about daily life, the decision to stay home, and household labor, a particularly interesting reflection of gender roles and equality. The two research questions used to explore this included: How do stay-at-home fathers understand their masculinity and social role? How does talk about the negotiation of household labor in stay-at-home father/career mother families illustrate masculinity issues? Through an analysis of interviews of eight present or past stay-at-home fathers, I capture the ways that these fathers describe and discuss the stay-at-home parent role. By looking at how these men define and interpret the specific challenges they face while in this role, I help tell the stories of stay-at-home father/career mother families, and understand whether these families, too, experience Hochschild's "stalled revolution."

The first purpose of this study was to determine from the positive and negative factors identified by Jones and Montenegro (1982), which factors Oregon female administrators perceived had influenced upward mobility in their careers. Study of this topic reveals added information and direction to administrators of university administrative programs, school board members and school personnel administrators involved in hiring and providing training or staff development. As a result, the commonalities and differences among female school administrators in Oregon are identified. Identifying the factors that relate to upward mobility of tenured and nontenured female administrators provides insight and hopefully will promote further investigation. A second purpose of the study was to provide, from the demographic data concerning upward career mobility of nontenured and tenured female administrators, a profile that identifies those practices which have proven to be effective when considering career decisions in school administration. Descriptive statistics were used to quantify the data recovered from a research instrument given to 218 female administrators and of the tests resulted in a written description of the similarities and/or differences between the tenured administrators' and the nontenured administrators' perception of the factors that influenced their upward career mobility. Additionally, the demographic data were analyzed, and profiles of the two groups were developed, again to show similarities and/or differences. The conclusions of the study supported the research hypotheses that: (1) there is no difference between the perception of identified positive and negative factors to upward career mobility between nontenured and tenured female school administrators, and; (2) there is no difference in the profile of the nontenured and the tenured female school administrator in Oregon. A synthesis of the conclusions was made from the analysis of positive and negative career factors as well as the profiles of Oregon women school administrators which basically stated that the group of nontenured administrators is much like the group of practicing tenured administrators. Recommendations were made to women aspiring to be administrators for the application of the conclusions and study of identified characteristics or elements of positive and negative factors which lead to upward mobility. Profiles of the administrators were also made for use in self assessment for both groups of female administrators. Suggestions for additional study were made based upon the findings and experience in conducting the study. Similar study or replication of the study is encouraged in order to provide further insight into the reasons for more women not achieving administrative positions, especially that of principal.

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