A presente dissertação consiste em um estudo das imagens simbólicas dos Sonetos de Shakespeare sob a luz das teorias modernas e contemporâneas do imaginário, mito e símbolo de autores como C.G.Jung, P. Ricoeur e G. Durand. Procura mostrar parte do processo criativo Shakespeareano identificando mitos pessoais, imagens recorrentes, assim como arquétipos e padrões arquetípicos presentes nos sonetos. Divide-se em três capítulos. O primeiro, a Introdução, apresenta Shakespeare como poeta e resume algumas abordagens críticas e os problemas decorrentes que foram debatidos até então. Antecipa ainda, a discussão sobre a importância do imaginário do leitor no processo hermenêutico. O segundo capítulo, O imaginário e o imaginário de Shakespeare, divide-se em duas partes. Na primeira, apresento os campos onde literatura, mito, e símbolo relacionam-se entre si, assim como a teoria da metáfora de P. Ricoeur. A segunda parte consiste em dados gerais do imaginário simbólico dos 154 sonetos, cuja base é uma versão moderna da edição de 1609 (conhecida como The Quarto), com a análise de dois sonetos (28,146) que funciona como modelo para as demais, integrantes do terceiro capítulo. Finalmente, o capítulo 3, A hermenêutica das imagens simbólicas dos sonetos de Shakespeare, traz o estudo propriamente dito, e apresenta as imagens recorrentes, arquétipos, padrões arquetípicos e mitos pessoais encontrados nos sonetos. A conclusão reflete a tentativa de mostrar a importância das imagens simbólicas para os Sonetos, assim como apontar formas através das quais os imaginários de autor e leitor misturam-se, gerando significação. / This thesis aims at studying the symbolical imagery of Shakespeare’s Sonnets in the light of modern theories on the imaginary, symbolism, and myth put forward by authors such as C.G. Jung, P. Ricoeur, and G. Durand. It attempts at showing a part of Shakespeare’s creative process by identifying personal myths, recurrent images, as well as archetypes and archetypal patterns inherent in the Sonnets. The work is divided into three chapters. The first chapter presents Shakespeare as a poet and summarizes some critical approaches and consequent problems that have been part of the Sonnets´ critical heritage. It also anticipates the discussion on the importance of the reader’s imaginary in the hermeneutic process. Chapter two is divided in two segments. The first, where I present the grounds on which myth, literature and symbols are related, as well as Ricoeur’s theory of the metaphor; and the second, that consists of general imaginary symbolic data about the 154 sonnets, approached through a modernized version of the 1609 Quarto. In addition, there comes the analysis of sonnets 28 and 146, as models for the others to come in chapter 3. Finally, chapter three The Hermeneutics of Symbolical Imagery in Shakespeare’s Sonnets, displays the study of recurrent images, archetypes, archetypal patterns and personal myths within Shakespeare’s Sonnets. The Conclusion reflects upon the work’s attempt at showing the importance of symbolic images for the study of the sonnets, as well as considers some of the ways through which the imaginary of the writer and that of the reader bind, generating meaning.

This thesis is a critical study of the theme of shame in Shakespeare. The first chapter defines the senses in which shame is used. Chapter Two analyses the workings of shame in pre-renaissance literature. The argument sets aside the increasingly discredited shame-culture versus guilt-culture antithesis still often applied to classical and Christian Europe; then classical and Christian shame are compared. Chapter Three focuses on shame in the English Renaissance, with illustrations from Spenser, Marlowe, Jonson, and Milton. Attention is also paid to the cultural context, for instance, to the shaming sanctions employed by the church courts. It is argued that, paradoxically, the humanist aspirations of this period made men and women more vulnerable to shame: more aware of falling short of ideals and open to disappointment and the reproach of self and others. The fourth chapter is an introductory account of Shakespearean shame; examples are drawn from the plays and poems preceding the period of the major tragedies, circa. 1602-9. This lays the groundwork, both conceptually and in terms of Shakespeare's development, for the main part of the thesis, Part Two, which offers detailed readings of Hamlet, Othello, King Lear, Antony and Cleopatra, and Coriolanus. In Each case, a consideration of the theme of shame illuminates the text in question in new ways. For example, and exploration of shame in Hamlet uncovers a neglected spiritual dimension; and it is argued that, despite critical tradition, shame, rather than jealousy, is the key to Othello, and that Antony and Cleopatra establishes the attraction and limitation of shamelessness. The last Chapter describes Shakespeare's distinctive and ultimately Christian vision of shame. In a tail-piece it is suggested that this account of Shakespearean shame casts an intriguing light on a little-known interpretation of Shakespeare's last days by the historian E.R.C. Brinkworth.

A presente dissertação consiste em um estudo das imagens simbólicas dos Sonetos de Shakespeare sob a luz das teorias modernas e contemporâneas do imaginário, mito e símbolo de autores como C.G.Jung, P. Ricoeur e G. Durand. Procura mostrar parte do processo criativo Shakespeareano identificando mitos pessoais, imagens recorrentes, assim como arquétipos e padrões arquetípicos presentes nos sonetos. Divide-se em três capítulos. O primeiro, a Introdução, apresenta Shakespeare como poeta e resume algumas abordagens críticas e os problemas decorrentes que foram debatidos até então. Antecipa ainda, a discussão sobre a importância do imaginário do leitor no processo hermenêutico. O segundo capítulo, O imaginário e o imaginário de Shakespeare, divide-se em duas partes. Na primeira, apresento os campos onde literatura, mito, e símbolo relacionam-se entre si, assim como a teoria da metáfora de P. Ricoeur. A segunda parte consiste em dados gerais do imaginário simbólico dos 154 sonetos, cuja base é uma versão moderna da edição de 1609 (conhecida como The Quarto), com a análise de dois sonetos (28,146) que funciona como modelo para as demais, integrantes do terceiro capítulo. Finalmente, o capítulo 3, A hermenêutica das imagens simbólicas dos sonetos de Shakespeare, traz o estudo propriamente dito, e apresenta as imagens recorrentes, arquétipos, padrões arquetípicos e mitos pessoais encontrados nos sonetos. A conclusão reflete a tentativa de mostrar a importância das imagens simbólicas para os Sonetos, assim como apontar formas através das quais os imaginários de autor e leitor misturam-se, gerando significação. / This thesis aims at studying the symbolical imagery of Shakespeare’s Sonnets in the light of modern theories on the imaginary, symbolism, and myth put forward by authors such as C.G. Jung, P. Ricoeur, and G. Durand. It attempts at showing a part of Shakespeare’s creative process by identifying personal myths, recurrent images, as well as archetypes and archetypal patterns inherent in the Sonnets. The work is divided into three chapters. The first chapter presents Shakespeare as a poet and summarizes some critical approaches and consequent problems that have been part of the Sonnets´ critical heritage. It also anticipates the discussion on the importance of the reader’s imaginary in the hermeneutic process. Chapter two is divided in two segments. The first, where I present the grounds on which myth, literature and symbols are related, as well as Ricoeur’s theory of the metaphor; and the second, that consists of general imaginary symbolic data about the 154 sonnets, approached through a modernized version of the 1609 Quarto. In addition, there comes the analysis of sonnets 28 and 146, as models for the others to come in chapter 3. Finally, chapter three The Hermeneutics of Symbolical Imagery in Shakespeare’s Sonnets, displays the study of recurrent images, archetypes, archetypal patterns and personal myths within Shakespeare’s Sonnets. The Conclusion reflects upon the work’s attempt at showing the importance of symbolic images for the study of the sonnets, as well as considers some of the ways through which the imaginary of the writer and that of the reader bind, generating meaning.

Tato práce dokumentuje Scénická a kostýmní procesu navrhování pro výrobu divadelním představení Shakespearovy hry Macbeth jako vyrobené Pražského shakespearovské společnosti.Výroba byla provedena v Divadle Kolowrat, od 07.11.2013 do 22.listopadu 2013. Navíc produkce cestoval do Houstonu v Texasu v Rice Village divadle Main Street Theater společnosti. Je tam hráli od 27. února do 9. března 2014. Tato práce zahrnuje analýzu hry a postavy a popisuje podrobně proces návrhu a provedení designu. Závěry o všech aspektech tohoto procesu provedení designu. Závěry o všech aspektech tohoto procesu provedení designu. Závěry o všech aspektech tohoto procesu jsou k dispozici.

Orientadora : Profª Drª Célia Arns de Miranda / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Ciências Humanas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Letras. Defesa: Curitiba, 02/04/2015 / Inclui referências / Área de concentração: Estudos literários / Resumo: Na história da adaptação, apropriação e tradução shakespeariana, Macbeth, considerada uma das quatro grandes tragédias, ocupa um lugar privilegiado. Os temas presentes nessa peça (ambição desmedida, aparência e realidade, o peso da culpa, a corrupção do poder, violência, tirania) fornecem material para incontáveis releituras e interpretações, em qualquer espaço ou tempo, seja no cinema, na literatura, no palco, nas artes em geral. Com relação às encenações, só no Brasil há registros de, pelo menos, quatorze montagens da peça realizadas por diferentes diretores teatrais desde 1970. Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo discutir uma das encenações da "peça escocesa" cuja estreia se deu em 2012 no Teatro Vivo em São Paulo. Tal montagem teve Gabriel Villela na direção e Marcelo Antony e Claudio Fontana nos papéis do protagonista Macbeth e de sua esposa e cúmplice Lady Macbeth, respectivamente. Villela é um dos mais importantes encenadores brasileiros, profundo conhecedor de Shakespeare. Em seu currículo constam outras três peças do bardo inglês, a saber: Romeu e Julieta, Sonhos de uma noite de verão e Ricardo III. Faz parte da proposta do diretor mineiro mesclar o erudito com o popular, as tradições brasileiras com influências estrangeiras, no intuito de aproximar a literatura clássica do espectador. Para nossa análise, foram utilizados uma gravação em formato de DVD, a tradução de Marcos Daud e o texto do espetáculo fornecidos pela produção. Essa pesquisa compartilha os pressupostos teóricos de Linda Hutcheon, Robert Stam, Caroline Spurgeon, A.C. Bradley, Patrice Pavis, Barbara Heliodora, José Roberto O'Shea. Em Macbeth, Villela propõe uma reflexão em torno dos binômios vida e arte, realidade e ficção, entre aquilo que é ou não é, entre a aparência e a realidade. Ele concretiza essa proposta, principalmente, através da introdução de elementos épicos e metateatrais. Os artifícios da construção dramática confrontam o espectador a todo momento, levando-o a manter uma atitude de distanciamento crítico. A encenação também incorpora na materialização cênica múltiplas leituras de Macbeth, presentes implícita ou explicitamente, no trabalho coletivo de produtores, cenotécnicos, coreógrafos, maquiadores, figurinistas, sonoplastas, contrarregras, figurantes e atores. Palavras-chave: Adaptação. Shakespeare. Macbeth. Teatro brasileiro. Gabriel Villela. / Abstract: In the history of Shakespearean adaptation, appropriation and translation, Macbeth, considered one of the four great tragedies, occupies a privileged place. The themes present in this play (excessive ambition, appearance and reality, the burden of guilt, the corruption of power, violence, tyranny) provide material for countless readings and interpretations in any space and time, be it in the cinema, on stage, literature, and arts in general. Regarding theater, in Brazil alone there are records of, at least, fourteen stagings of the play performed by different directors since 1992. This research aims to discuss one of the productions of the Scottish play which had its premiere in 2012 at the Vivo Theater in São Paulo. This production was directed by Gabriel Villela and had Marcelo Antony and Claudio Fontana in the roles of Macbeth and Lady Macbeth, respectively. Villela is one of the most important Brazilian directors and he has a deep knowledge of Shakespeare. His resume lists three other plays of the English bard: Romeo and Juliet, A Midsummer Night's Dream, and Richard III. In his works, Villlela mixes the popular and the classic, and Brazilian traditions and foreign influences, in order to make classic literature more accessible to the spectator. Our analysis used a DVD recording of this production, the translation by Marcos Daud, and the screenplay provided by the producers. This research shares the theoretical assumptions of Linda Hutcheon, Robert Stam, Caroline Spurgeon, A.C. Bradley, Patrice Pavis, Barbara Heliodora, José Roberto O'Shea. In Macbeth, Villela proposes a reflection between the binomials of life and art, fiction and reality. He materializes this proposal mainly through the introduction of epic and metatheatrical elements. The devices of the dramatic construction confront the viewer at all times, causing him/her to maintain an attitude of critical distance. The staging also incorporates in the scenic materialization multiple readings of Macbeth, implicitly or explicitly present in the collective work of producers, directors, scenic, lighting, sound, and costume designers, choreographers, makeup artists, stagehands, background actors and main actors. Key-words: Adaptation. Macbeth. Gabriel Villela.

A presente dissertação consiste em um estudo das imagens simbólicas dos Sonetos de Shakespeare sob a luz das teorias modernas e contemporâneas do imaginário, mito e símbolo de autores como C.G.Jung, P. Ricoeur e G. Durand. Procura mostrar parte do processo criativo Shakespeareano identificando mitos pessoais, imagens recorrentes, assim como arquétipos e padrões arquetípicos presentes nos sonetos. Divide-se em três capítulos. O primeiro, a Introdução, apresenta Shakespeare como poeta e resume algumas abordagens críticas e os problemas decorrentes que foram debatidos até então. Antecipa ainda, a discussão sobre a importância do imaginário do leitor no processo hermenêutico. O segundo capítulo, O imaginário e o imaginário de Shakespeare, divide-se em duas partes. Na primeira, apresento os campos onde literatura, mito, e símbolo relacionam-se entre si, assim como a teoria da metáfora de P. Ricoeur. A segunda parte consiste em dados gerais do imaginário simbólico dos 154 sonetos, cuja base é uma versão moderna da edição de 1609 (conhecida como The Quarto), com a análise de dois sonetos (28,146) que funciona como modelo para as demais, integrantes do terceiro capítulo. Finalmente, o capítulo 3, A hermenêutica das imagens simbólicas dos sonetos de Shakespeare, traz o estudo propriamente dito, e apresenta as imagens recorrentes, arquétipos, padrões arquetípicos e mitos pessoais encontrados nos sonetos. A conclusão reflete a tentativa de mostrar a importância das imagens simbólicas para os Sonetos, assim como apontar formas através das quais os imaginários de autor e leitor misturam-se, gerando significação. / This thesis aims at studying the symbolical imagery of Shakespeare’s Sonnets in the light of modern theories on the imaginary, symbolism, and myth put forward by authors such as C.G. Jung, P. Ricoeur, and G. Durand. It attempts at showing a part of Shakespeare’s creative process by identifying personal myths, recurrent images, as well as archetypes and archetypal patterns inherent in the Sonnets. The work is divided into three chapters. The first chapter presents Shakespeare as a poet and summarizes some critical approaches and consequent problems that have been part of the Sonnets´ critical heritage. It also anticipates the discussion on the importance of the reader’s imaginary in the hermeneutic process. Chapter two is divided in two segments. The first, where I present the grounds on which myth, literature and symbols are related, as well as Ricoeur’s theory of the metaphor; and the second, that consists of general imaginary symbolic data about the 154 sonnets, approached through a modernized version of the 1609 Quarto. In addition, there comes the analysis of sonnets 28 and 146, as models for the others to come in chapter 3. Finally, chapter three The Hermeneutics of Symbolical Imagery in Shakespeare’s Sonnets, displays the study of recurrent images, archetypes, archetypal patterns and personal myths within Shakespeare’s Sonnets. The Conclusion reflects upon the work’s attempt at showing the importance of symbolic images for the study of the sonnets, as well as considers some of the ways through which the imaginary of the writer and that of the reader bind, generating meaning.

Shakespeare reveals his interest in the popular theme of courtly love, which came to him as an established tradition, in a number of his plays. This tradition can be traced back to the troubadours of Provence who, during the Crusades, appeared as a class of knights whose chief values were valor, courtesy, and knightly worth. From the troubadours came the idea of love service: every knight must have a lady whose relationship to him was parallel to that between him as a vassal and his lord. This love service came.to be looked upon as leading to moral dignity and true chivalry and it was performed by the knight for another 's wife. An elaborate set of rules grew up describing the nature of courtly love and the attitudes and responses of both the knight and the lady. From Provence courtly love spread to Italy where it was endowed with spiritual and philosophical aspects by Cardinal Bembo, Dante, and Petrarch, for example. By the time that the tradition reached England it had been modified, added to, and conventionalized in its passage through Italian and Northern French literature. A number of Shakespeare's predecessors made important contributions to the courtly theme: Chaucer suggested its evil consequences, Castiglione established the rules to guide the perfect courtier and the lady, and emphasized marriage as the only acceptable end of courtly love, Sidney combined the medieval chivalric and the classical pastoral traditions in an imaginary setting where chivalric ideals always triumphed over evil, and Spenser added a strong moral note, recognizing the physical as well as the spiritual aspects of love in his emphasis on virtue and constancy. By the time that Shakespeare began to deal with courtly love, courtesy meant more than the medieval idea of a willingness to undertake love-service. It meant gentlemanly conduct, refined manners, intellect, and a high moral purpose. When Shakespeare took up the courtly theme, it had been refined considerably. In an early treatment of the theme, Shakespeare satirizes the folly connected with courtly love and the courtly ideal. This is seen in Love's Labour's Lost where the ladies only toy with the men and where love is not triumphant. In The Two Gentlemen of Verona the satirical vein is continued and the weaknesses inherent in courtly love are exposed in the struggle between love and friendship. As You Like It is another play in this group where courtly love is satirized. Rosalind becomes the spokesman for sincerity and faithfulness in love and condemns artificiality and sham. In a group of plays which treats the courtly theme as comedy (A Midsummer Night's Dream, Twelfth Night, Henry IV (Part I), and Henry V) Shakespeare is more fun-loving and gentler in his presentation than he was in the plays where courtly love was treated satirically. No serious issue mars the comic atmosphere as we see the humorous side of love in each of these plays. In another group, Romeo and Juliet, The Winter's Tale, and Cymbeline, we see the strength derived from romantic love which is presented as a genuine passion leading to permanence. Such love gives strength in adversity and though love ends tragically in Romeo and Juliet and nearly ends tragically in the other two plays, we see that it enables the lovers to meet their fate, even when it is death. Shakespeare reverses the theme in the following plays: All's Well that Ends Well, Much Ado about Nothing, Measure for Measure, and Richard II. In the first three the lady uses a trick to win her man, and in Richard II she pleads for love but is rebuffed. The scheming and trickery of the first three plays in this group brings the theme close to unpleasantness and degrades the courtly lover. Shakespeare here probes the realistic aspects of the theme and shows men and women as they really are. This treatment is followed through in the tragedies Troilus and Cressida, Hamlet, and Othello, where the unpleasant, realistic aspects of courtly love lead naturally to tragedy. In these tragedies the gaiety and idealism of the conventions of courtly love have disappeared completely and the true possibilities have been exposed. After these plays, courtly love no longer could supply a valid pattern for loving and living. In The Tempest the theme is subverted and love is seen as the force of renewal in the world. The lovers are no longer of interest as courtly lovers but appear as mature people whose marriage becomes the hope of a better world. The conventional suffering for love is gone and in its place is a mature, reasoned attitude to the most basic of man's emotions. With this play Shakespeare has come all the way from artificiality and sham to a lasting, satisfying type of love. / Arts, Faculty of / English, Department of / Graduate

Orientador : Rosemary Arrojo / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Estudos da Linguagem / Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-16T01:15:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Esteves_LenitaMariaRimolli_M.pdf: 3442223 bytes, checksum: 29c4bd6d4125e61ee8f4cea39a549531 (MD5) Previous issue date: 1992 / Resumo: Esta tese tem como objeto quatro traduções da tragédia Macbeth, de William Shakespeare. Enfocando principalmente as três bruxas e sua relaçãoo com o destino de Macbeth, a tese se propoe a verificar as diferenças de tratamento que cada uma das traduções deu a esta questão. Partindo de uma concepção pós-estruturalista de tradução, segundo a qual a mesma é vista como uma transformação e nao como um mero transporte de significados, a tese serâ desenvolvida no sentido de se comparar as diferenças de configuraçbes dadas às bruxas e verificar quais seriam as consequencias dessas diferenças na consideração do texto da tragédia como um todo. Embasada em teorias que não consideram o texto como um receptáculo de significados a serem extraldos pelo leitor, esta tese pretende demonstrar que as bruxas configuradas em cada tradução são diferentes das demais, o que acaba fazendo com que as traduções se transformem em diferentes tragédias de Macbeth.Textos distintos que são fruto de diferentes leituras do "original". . A história do texto "original" de Macbeth serà analisada, com o objetivo de se demonstrar como este texto é fragmentado, tendo passado por várias transformaçbes até chegar à sua forma atual. Essa visão fragmentada do texto em questao ratificará a noção de "original" que será adotada neste trabalho, ou seja, que o "original" representa uma possibilidade de múltiplas leituras, e nãoo se apresenta como texto terminado, pronto, à espera de um leitor que o decifre corretamente / Abstract: Not informed. / Mestrado / Mestre em Linguística Aplicada

Shakespeare’s Shylock from the Merchant of Venice is a complex character who not only defies simple definition but also takes over a play in which he is not the titular character. How Shakespeare arrived at Shylock in the absence of a Jewish presence in early modern England, as well as what caused the playwright to humanize his villain when other playwrights had not is the subject of much debate. This thesis shows Shakespeare’s humanizing of Shylock as a blurring of the lines between Jews and Christians, and as such, a shift of usury from a uniquely Jewish problem to a human problem. This shift is then explicated in terms of a changing England in a time where economic necessity challenged religious authority and creating compassion for a Jew on the stage created compassion symbolically for Christian usurers as well.

The problem with which this investigation is concerned is that of the warrior-hero ideal as it evolves in Shakespeare's English and Roman plays, and its ultimate failure as a standard for exemplary conduct. What this study demonstrates is that the ideal of kingship that is developed in the English histories, especially in the Second Tetralogy, and which reaches its zenith in Henry V, is quite literally overturned in three Roman plays--Julius Caesar, Antony and Cleopatra, and Coriolanus. The method of determining this difference is a detailed analysis of these groups of plays. This analysis utilizes the body of Shakespearean criticism in order to note the almost total silence on what this study shows to be Shakespeare's growing disillusionment with the hero-king ideal and his final portrait of this ideal as a failure. It is the main conclusion of this study that in certain plays, and most particularly in the Roman plays, Shakespeare demonstrates a consciousness of something more valuable than political expediency and political legality. Indeed, the tragedy of these political heroes lies precisely in their allegiance to the standard of conduct of the soldier-king. Brutus, Antony, and Coriolanus, among others, suffer defeat in their striving to capture a higher reality. This investigation demonstrates that the concept of honor has lost its value in the social matrix of political machinations.