published_or_final_version / Real Estate and Construction / Master / Master of Science in Real Estate and Construction Development

published_or_final_version / Architecture / Doctoral / Doctor of Philosophy

published_or_final_version / abstract / Education / Doctoral / Doctor of Philosophy

This thesis examines what roles linguistic, stylistic and sociocultural factors play in the popularity of contemporary Chinese-English bilingual codeswitching songs released between the years of 2004 and 2010, making a case study of the urban youth audience of Shanghai. It is significant as it is the first large scale study into Chinese-English songs that has looked at all of these three factors: linguistic, stylistic and sociocultural, but also because it compares the findings in these three areas from corpus analysis with an audience study. A corpus of 150 songs from popular codeswitching performers was collected, and was analysed individually in relation to the linguistic, stylistic and sociocultural factors with regard to features that may enhance the popularity of these songs. To this was added an audience study based on fieldwork in Shanghai which included participant observation and data collection from online surveys and individual interviews. First a linguistic analysis was done on syntactic grounds based on the Myers-Scotton 1993 Classic MLF (Matrix Language Frame) model, and this was followed by an analysis of the metaphorical functions of these songs following general pragmatic theories of Gumperz (1982). A stylistic analysis was then done on the corpus, using theories of literary stylistics from Leech (1969) and the stylistic findings of recent codeswitching researchers. This stylistic section also examined modes of language use after Hymes. The sociocultural aspects within the songs were examined using a social anthropological framework, and used research in the East Asian setting by Gao Liwei (2007) and Yang Mei-hui (1997) on identity formation, as well as the Accommodation Theory of Giles and Smith (1979), and other research relevant to codeswitching in the East Asian pop culture context, such as J. Lee (2004, 2006). Data collection was also carried out based on Hymes’ (1971) ethnographical techniques, and Blom and Gumperz’s (1972) participant observation. The findings from each of the factors were discussed in relation to the audience study and the results show that: 1) These codeswitching songs are both a reflection of the singers’ and audiences’ need to present a particular identity, negotiated within the particular expectations of music, genre and location. 2) Chinese-English codeswitching songs are a reflection of the high levels of English codeswitching in Shanghai, Chinese, and also wider East Asian popular culture, and reflect a growing bilingual or multilingual identity in wider East Asia. 3) The English within the Chinese-English codeswitching songs is localised to a Southern Chinese, almost a Shanghai context. 4) The uses to which codeswitching is put, or how codeswitching appears in songs, depends on many factors, and so it is difficult to clearly define the functions, stylistic techniques, or sociocultural purposes of codeswitching in songs consistently across different genres, chronological periods (due to changes in language use over time), or between cultures. Despite this, it is hoped that the number of unique findings from the corpus analysis and the discussion in this study could enlighten or stimulate future studies examining codeswitching in songs.

La commercialisation des médias et la professionnalisation des journalistes transforment les conditions de la production de l'information en Chine, même si le Parti communiste maintient un étroit contrôle sur les contenus. Cette thèse explique la production de l'actualité photographique au sein d'un triangle de contraintes formées par les demandes du marché, la valeur informative, la propagande. Elle est fondée sur l'examen des photos publiées par l'un des principaux journaux de Shanghai, le Dongfang Zaobao, des séjours dans sa rédaction et des entretiens avec ses photographes et éditeurs photos. Elle révèle les spécificités des contraintes chinoises qui pèsent sur la production de l'actualité.

Thesis advisor: Scott Fulford / Can smart metering program and time-of-use (TOU) prices help reduce energy consumption in New York City? Being able to track electricity consumption levels and to modify consumer usage patterns are important for policy makers to efficiently manage the energy markets. Unfortunately, no reliable and up-to-date data have been brought to bear on this question. I study the effects of time-of-use (TOU) prices and smart metering for the residents of Shanghai and I investigate further what can policy makers do in order to adapt and transfer this successful DSM experience from Shanghai to the residential sector in New York City. The primary objective of my study is to characterize the realistic short-term and long-term potential for the smart metering program in New York City given my empirical findings that the smart metering program has had brought great benefits to the residents of Shanghai. People respond to incentives; if electricity is charged at different prices throughout a day, consumers are likely to shift their usage to when it is cheaper. My findings suggest that policy makers should think harder about designing a pricing scheme that can optimize the social plus. / Thesis (BA) — Boston College, 2011. / Submitted to: Boston College. College of Arts and Sciences. / Discipline: College Honors Program. / Discipline: Economics Honors Program. / Discipline: Economics.

There had not been much attempt to interweave the impact of both social status change and social transformations on the memory, hence identity building of same cohort. This is because time was needed for stratification to complete and the impact of social transformations on the life course of an individual to be settled. Educated youth (zhiqing 知青) should be a very good example to examine this problem as they experienced both huge social transformations and re-stratification. Followed by these transformations were a weakening impact of official ideology on people. Besides, as the educated youth approach retiring age and their life more or less settled, time is also ripe to attempt the challenge. Existing studies in collective memory of educated youth do not take effort to differentiate educated youths by their family backgrounds(jiating chushen 家庭出身/jiating chengfen 家庭成分) nor their social status. However, many accounts in academia suggested that family class backgrounds had significant impact on the life course of educated youths, though they were just suggestive. Furthermore, as China underwent drastic socioeconomic transformations since 1970s and the educated youth re-stratified, a changing identity and self-perceived status can be expected. By collecting their life histories through semi-structured interviews and analyzing the ontological and public narratives of zhiqing’s life histories, this exploratory research aims to find out how family background and current status affects the memory structure and thus the identity construction of educated youth in China in the days of economic transformation. / 集體記憶研究對於社會轉型與社會地位變化如何共同影响同一群体的集體記憶以及身份建構研究不足，因為社會轉型與分層的影響需要時間才能觀察到。知青記憶研究正好是一個很好的範例，因為知青本身既經歷了社會轉型，也經歷了社會地位的變化。此外如今知青步入退休階段，生活以及身份較為穩定，亦解決了上述的分層、社會變化的時間問題。關於知青記憶的現有研究並沒有把知青進行家庭出身（又稱家庭成分）的劃分。然而學界一些研究表明，家庭出身對知青的生命歷程有重大的影響。此外，自從中國在1970年代開始經濟與社會轉型以來，知青經歷了重新分流，而自我身份或亦會隨之改變。本探索研究希望通過搜集知青的口述生命史，分析其中的本體(ontological)与公共(public)敘事主題，來分析家庭成分與知青當前地位如何影響他們的記憶結構，從而一窺知青面對中國經濟轉型的時候如何建構他們的身份。 / Lin, Pik Man. / Thesis M.Phil. Chinese University of Hong Kong 2015. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 64-67). / Abstracts and appendix also in Chinese. / Title from PDF title page (viewed on 14, September, 2016). / Detailed summary in vernacular field only.

by Lai Yiu Keung. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1994. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 217-236). / CHAPTERS: / Chapter ONE. --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter A. --- The Problems of Civil Society --- p.1 / Chapter B. --- What does Habermas say? --- p.6 / Chapter C. --- Criticism on Habermas´ةs Concept --- p.15 / Chapter D. --- Public Sphere in recent Historiography of China --- p.21 / Chapter E. --- The Conceptual Framework of this Study --- p.26 / Chapter F. --- Justification of this Study --- p.30 / Chapter G. --- Why Shanghai? --- p.33 / Chapter H. --- A Methodological Note --- p.36 / Chapter TWO. --- Shanghai: City and People --- p.38 / Chapter A. --- Shanghai before the Arrival of Foreigners --- p.38 / Chapter B. --- The Political Significance of the Settlements --- p.42 / Chapter C. --- The Favourable Location of Shanghai --- p.48 / Chapter D. --- Structural Changes --- p.51 / Chapter E. --- Concluding Remarks --- p.60 / Chapter THREE. --- Shanghai as a Community --- p.65 / Chapter A. --- Traditional Merchant Organizations in Shanghai --- p.66 / Chapter B. --- From Exclusiveness to Inclusiveness --- p.72 / Chapter C. --- Toward Community-Wide Leadership --- p.73 / Chapter D. --- The North China Famine Relief and Macroregional Mobilizations --- p.79 / Chapter E. --- Western Influence and the Rise of Civic Consciousness --- p.82 / Chapter F. --- Concluding Remarks --- p.87 / Chapter four. --- Public Sphere in Shanghai: Institutions and Actors --- p.90 / Chapter A. --- Moving toward Constitutional Government --- p.90 / Chapter B --- . Institutional Bases --- p.99 / Chapter a. --- The Shanghai City Council --- p.101 / Chapter b. --- The Shanghai General Chamber of Commerce --- p.106 / Chapter c. --- Political Press and the Formation of Public Opinion --- p.111 / Chapter C. --- The Urban Reformist Elite --- p.114 / Chapter D. --- Concluding Remarks --- p.120 / Chapter FIVE. --- Public Sphere in Action I: The Anti-American Boycott in1905 --- p.122 / Chapter A. --- Background --- p.122 / Chapter B. --- The Development of Boycott --- p.126 / Chapter C. --- Organization and Leadership --- p.128 / Chapter D. --- Methods --- p.130 / Chapter E. --- Supports --- p.134 / Chapter a. --- Mercantile --- p.134 / Chapter b. --- Non-mercantile --- p.136 / Chapter F. --- Effects of the Boycott --- p.140 / Chapter G. --- Concluding Remarks --- p.141 / Chapter SIX. --- Public Sphere in Action II: The Constitutional Movement in1910 --- p.145 / Chapter A. --- Background --- p.146 / Chapter B. --- Development --- p.149 / Chapter C. --- Organization and Leadership --- p.153 / Chapter D. --- Methods --- p.157 / Chapter E. --- Political Demands --- p.160 / Chapter F. --- Result and Effect --- p.163 / Chapter G. --- Concluding Remarks --- p.165 / Chapter SEVEN. --- The 1911 Revolution in Shanghai and the Closure of Public Sphere --- p.168 / Chapter A. --- Revolutionary Activities in Shanghai --- p.168 / Chapter B. --- The Merchant Militia --- p.171 / Chapter C. --- Cooperation between the Revolutionaries and the Reformist Elite --- p.174 / Chapter D. --- The Revolution in Shanghai --- p.179 / Chapter E. --- Assertion of Political Power of the Reformist Elite --- p.182 / Chapter F. --- The Second Revolution in 1913 and the Demise of Elite --- p.186 / Chapter G. --- Concluding Remarks --- p.191 / Chapter EIGHT. --- Conclusion --- p.192 / Chapter A. --- The Degeneration of the Public Sphere --- p.192 / Chapter B. --- Nationalism and Public Sphere --- p.195 / Chapter C. --- Concluding Review of the Study --- p.205 / Chapter D. --- Discussions --- p.211 / BIBLIOGRAPHY

溫偉國. / 稿本(電腦打印本) / 論文(歷史學部哲學碩士)--香港中文大學, 1991. / 附參考文獻. / Wen Weiguo. / Chapter 第一章 --- 導論 --- p.1 / 註釋 --- p.10 / Chapter 第二章 --- 近代買辦的興起 --- p.15 / Chapter 第一節 --- 公行制度下的買辦 --- p.15 / Chapter 第二節 --- 近代買辦的興起 --- p.20 / 註釋 --- p.29 / Chapter 第三章 --- 香港上海匯豐銀行的成立及其早期發展 --- p.35 / Chapter 第一節 --- 香港開埠初期的經濟發展 --- p.35 / Chapter 第二節 --- 匯豐銀行建立的背景 --- p.40 / Chapter 第三節 --- 匯豐銀行的成立 --- p.44 / Chapter 第四節 --- 匯豐銀行早期發展 --- p.45 / 註釋 --- p.51 / Chapter 第四章 --- 香港匯豐銀行的買辦 --- p.57 / 羅伯常、羅鶴朋 --- p.58 / 劉渭川 --- p.61 / 劉泮樵 --- p.66 / 何世榮 --- p.68 / 唐宗保 --- p.71 / 李純華 --- p.72 / 註釋 --- p.74 / Chapter 第五章 --- 匯豐銀行的買辦制度 --- p.78 / 聘任標準 --- p.78 / 職務及收入 --- p.82 / 保証金及擔保人制度 --- p.86 / 辦房內的親屬關係 --- p.92 / 商業投資活動 --- p.93 / 銀行監管買辦的方法 --- p.100 / 註釋 --- p.104 / Chapter 第六章 --- 結語 --- p.110 / 註釋 --- p.116 / 附錄一：1864年匯豐銀行募股書 --- p.A1:1 / 附錄二：1953年匯豐銀行買辦合約 --- p.A2:1 / 附錄三：1928年匯豐銀行辦房職員合照 --- p.A3:1 / 附錄四：1960年將買辦改稱為華經理的備忘錄 --- p.A4:1 / 參考書目

刁鵬飛. / "2002年6月" / 論文 (哲學碩士)--香港中文大學, 2002. / 參考文獻 (leaves 115-119) / 附中英文摘要. / "2002 nian 6 yue" / Diao Pengfei. / Lun wen (zhe xue shuo shi)--Xianggang Zhong wen da xue, 2002. / Can kao wen xian (leaves 115-119) / Fu Zhong Ying wen zhai yao. / 論文摘要 --- p.i / 致謝 --- p.iii / 目錄 --- p.iv / 圖表 --- p.v / Chapter 第一章 --- 硏究簡介 --- p.1 / Chapter 第二章 --- 理論的探討 --- p.12 / Chapter 第三章 --- 白領個案面面觀 --- p.27 / Chapter 第四章 --- 白領的個人生活軌迹和制度變遷 --- p.48 / Chapter 第五章 --- 排斥舊的階級劃分 --- p.69 / Chapter 第六章 --- 白領的態度和期望 --- p.84 / Chapter 第七章 --- 結論 --- p.101 / 附錄 --- p.113 / 參考書目 --- p.115