A falta de controle e planejamento dos espaços públicos, entre eles, as calçadas, gera problemas como a falta de segurança e de acesso aos equipamentos urbanos e até impede a livre circulação das pessoas. As calçadas são uma pequena, mas importante parte da complexa infraestrutura urbana. O provimento de calçadas adequadas é um meio de incentivo ao deslocamento a pé e ao uso de transporte coletivo. A calçada não deveria oferecer nenhum risco aos pedestres, porém, grande parte das calçadas existentes no Brasil é imprópria para a circulação, seja pela existência de obstáculos, seja pela precariedade ou inadequação dos materiais utilizados em sua construção. Essa falta de qualidade das calçadas é a causa de muitos acidentes. Os pedestres em geral e, além dos idosos, principalmente as crianças e as pessoas portadoras de necessidades especiais, podem ser considerados usuários vulneráveis. No presente trabalho, as exigências dos usuários, no que se refere à segurança em uso, de acordo com a abordagem de desempenho, foram identificadas como sendo segurança ao risco de quedas, segurança ao risco de atropelamentos, segurança ao risco de lesões por choque e acessibilidade. As exigências dos usuários foram traduzidas em requisitos de desempenho a serem cumpridos em calçadas seguras e, após, foram identificados os respectivos critérios, níveis de atendimento e métodos de avaliação, com base na legislação e bibliografia. Com isso, foi elaborado um instrumento de avaliação de segurança em calçadas. Um estudo de caso em um trecho da Av. Independência, em Porto Alegre, foi realizado para testar o instrumento elaborado, com aplicação experimental em 17 calçadas. O instrumento mostrou-se eficiente na aquisição, processamento e registro de dados. Para a validação definitiva do instrumento, é necessário que se amplie os testes. Além disso, foi realizada pesquisa exploratória com aplicação do ensaio com o Pêndulo Britânico, para avaliação da resistência ao escorregamento. Todas as calçadas foram aprovadas quanto a este critério. O método de avaliação se mostrou adequado, porém limitado a calçadas com pequena inclinação. Adicionalmente, as diversas falhas relativas à segurança encontradas nas calçadas avaliadas foram analisadas. Nenhuma calçada do estudo de caso foi aprovada e considerada segura. A calçada com pior desempenho atendeu a apenas 38,88% dos critérios. Já o melhor resultado foi de uma calçada com taxa de atendimento aos critérios de 68,42%. Os critérios menos atendidos foram o desnível em relação à via, o rebaixo para acesso de veículos adequado, rampa nos pontos de travessia e a sinalização tátil no piso. Diante da grande quantidade de falhas encontradas no estudo de caso, aponta-se a ausência de um técnico no processo de construção de uma calçada, como uma das principais causas das não conformidades, junto à falta de um documento, preferencialmente uma Norma Técnica, que reúna as informações necessárias para o projeto de calçadas. Desta forma, este trabalho visa contribuir para o tema desempenho de calçadas, com foco nos requisitos relativos à segurança dos usuários. / The absence of control and planning of public spaces, including sidewalks, creates problems such as lack of security and access to urban equipment and even prevents the free movement of people. The sidewalks are a small but important part of the complex urban infrastructure. Providing adequate sidewalks is a means of encouraging walking and the use of public transport. The sidewalk should not pose any risk to pedestrians, but most of the existing sidewalks in Brazil are unfit for circulation, either by the existence of obstacles, or by the precariousness or inadequacy of the materials used in their construction. This lack of quality in sidewalks is the cause of many accidents. Pedestrians in general and, in addition to the elderly, especially children and people with special needs, can be considered vulnerable users. In this work, users' requirements regarding safety in use, according to the performance approach, have been identified as safety for the risk of falls, safety for the risk of pedestrian crashes, safety for the risk of shock injuries and accessibility. The users’ requirements were translated into performance requirements to be met on safe sidewalks and, afterwards, the respective criteria, suitable levels and evaluation methods were identified, based on legislation and bibliography. And therewith, a safety assessment instrument for sidewalks was developed. A case study on an excerpt from Av. Independência, in Porto Alegre, was carried out to test the instrument, with experimental application on 17 sidewalks. The instrument was efficient in data acquisition, processing and recording. For definitive validation of the instrument, it is necessary to expand the tests. In addition, an exploratory study was carried out with the application of the British Pendulum test to evaluate the slip resistance. All sidewalks were approved for this criterion. The method of evaluation was adequate, but limited to sidewalks with a small slope. In addition, the various safety flaws found on the evaluated sidewalks were analyzed. No sidewalk from the case study was approved and considered safe. The sidewalk with the poorest performance met only 38.88% of the criteria. The best result was a sidewalk with a rate of meeting the criteria of 68.42%. The least attended criteria were the height in relation to the roadway, adequate vehicle access ramp, ramp at crossing points and tactile signage on the ground. Considering the large number of flaws found in the case study, it is pointed out that the absence of a technician in the process of building a sidewalk is one of the main causes of nonconformities, due to the lack of a document, preferably a Technical Standard, that gathers the necessary information for sidewalk projects. Thus, this work aims to contribute to the theme of performance of sidewalks, focusing on requirements regarding user safety.

Foi realizado levantamento quanti-qualitativo de vegetais de porte arbóreo em dois bairros paulistanos, Vila Vera e Jardim da Saúde, situados na região sudeste de São Paulo, não distando muito entre si, porém com características de ocupação de uso de solo bastante distintas. No Jardim da Saúde foram encontrados 1033 exemplares de 72 espécies botânicas, a altura média de todas as árvores foi de 8,07 m e a altura da primeira bifurcação 1,97 m, a Caesalpinea peltophoroides Benth. foi a espécie mais freqüente com 20,68%, seguida da Lagestroemia indica L. com 7,48% e da Ligustrum lucidum W.T. Aiton em terceiro com 6,89%, essas três espécies somaram 35,05% dos indivíduos. Existiam 80,45% dos exemplares situados defronte a imóveis que possuíam recuo mínimo de 2,50 m de construções, 72,80% do total estavam em passeios que têm entre 1,00 m e 2,00 m, predominam árvores com mais de 8,50 m de altura, o pior indicador de sanidade vegetal seria a infestação de cupins com 8,33% do total infestado, 13,65% teve anotações de má qualidade de copa, 20,62% apresentou algum indicativo de má qualidade de tronco. Apenas 23,33% tinham situações de permeabilidade do passeio suficiente, encontravam-se 5,71% com condução de poda para desobstrução das redes aéreas, o rebaixamento das árvores acontecia em 7,74% dos exemplares. Na Vila Vera havia limitações de espaço físico não apenas das larguras dos passeios, mas principalmente do uso predominante dos lotes. As residências normalmente tomam todo o espaço da testada do imóvel com rebaixamento de guias para permitir a entrada veículos na garagem localizada defronte a construção. Encontraram-se 178 árvores pertencentes a 42 espécies botânicas, a média da altura total é de 6,31 m, e a média da primeira bifurcação 1,81 m. A espécie mais abundante foi a Caesalpinea peltophoroides Benth.com 24,71%, a segunda seria a Ligustrum lucidum W.T. Aiton com 17,24% do total, vindo em terceiro Lagerstroemia indica L. com 8,62%. Neste bairro existiam 71,35% das situações afastamento predial superior a 2,50 m, 42,70% com altura inferior a 4,50 m de altura, a sanidade vegetal estaria comprometida em 12,37% dos exemplares pela infestação de cupins, 55,62% estva localizada em passeios que variam sua largura entre 1,00 e 2,00 m, 50,00% apresentavam maus indicadores de qualidade de copa, 25,44% apresentou algum indicativo de má qualidade de tronco. Somente 7,87% do total de árvores estavam em situações de permeabilidade do passeio suficiente, os exemplares pavimentados até o tronco totalizavam 16,85%, as conduções de poda para desobstrução de redes eram 3,38% e as podas de rebaixamento 13,48%. Havia uma média de 16,85 m de afastamento entre árvores no Jardim da Saúde, sendo que na Vila Vera este indicativo era 38,68 m, portanto o afastamento médio da Vila Vera seria 2,29, na média do bairro, maior do que o existente no Jardim da Saúde. Em praticamente a totalidade dos indicativos qualitativos o Jardim da Saúde apresentava melhores avaliações das encontradas na Vila Vera, havendo neste segundo local, maiores impedimentos ao adensamento de plantios em função das características do espaço existente. / An tree qualitative and quantitative study was conducted in two closely located neighborhoods (Vila Vera and Jardim da Saude) in the southeast region of São Paulo. In spite of geographical vicinity, both neighborhoods have very different land occupation characteristics. In Jardim da Saude we found 1033 tree specimens, belonging to 72 distinct botanic species, with an average height of 8,07m and average first bifurcation height of 1.97m. Caesalpinea peltophoroides Benth was the most frequent species found (20,68% of the trees), followed by Lagestroemia indica L. (with 7,48% of the trees), and Legustrum lucidum W.T. Aiton coming in third place (with 6,89% of the trees). Those three species together account for 35.05% of the specimens. 72.80% are located in sidewalks that are between 1.00m and 2.00 m wide. Most trees have a height of 8,50 m and above. The worst health threat was termite infestation which affected 8.33% of the specimens. 13.65% were noted to have poor crown quality, 20.62% presented some indication of poor trunk quality and only 23.33% of the trees where planted in an area which enough surface permeability. 5.71% of the specimens had been pruned to prevent interference with electrical lines and crown-reducing pruning had been done in 7.74% of the trees. In Vila Vera we found limited space conditions in regards to the width of the sidewalk and also in regards to the predominant type of site utilization. Residential buildings constructions usually advance far into the sidewalk, with a driveway for access to the garages which are usually located in the front side of the building. We counted 178 trees belonging to 42 distinct botanic species, with average height of 6.31m and first bifurcation average height of 1.81m. The most common species is Caesalpinea peltophoroides Benth. (Which accounted for 24.71% of the specimens), followed by a Legustrum lucidum W.T. Aiton (with 17.24%) and Lagerstroemia indica L. in third place (with 8.62%). In this neighborhood 42.70% of the trees had a height of less than 4.5m, 12.37% were in poor health due to termite infestation, 55.62% are located in sidewalks with widths varying between 1.00 and 2.00 m, 50.0% displayed poor crown quality and 25,44% presented some indication of poor trunk quality. Only 7.87% of the specimens where planted in an area which enough surface permeability, while 16.85% where located in totally paved areas. 3.38% had been pruned to avoid interference with electrical lines and 13.48% had been crown-reducing pruned. In Jardim da Saude the average distance between trees was 16.85m, while in Vila Vera it was 38.68m. In other words, the average distance between trees is about 2.29 greater in Vila Vera than in Jardim da Saude.. Practically all the qualitative domains were found to be superior for Jardim da Saude. Vila Vera also presents greater impediments for increasing planting density due to its current space availability issues.

The subject of this Master's thesis is design solution of two intersections and a section of urban road between them in town Zlín. These T intersections without traffic signal have an inappropriate geometric design. The aim of the thesis is increasing traffic safety and reducing noise and dust in the location. This will be achieved by alteration of the urban road intersections and the sidewalk design.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T20:00:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DissCLGKJ.pdf: 4913515 bytes, checksum: df91d15585b7987e19462170703fc9f7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-08-06 / The present dissertation work in Urban Engineering of the Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar) aims to define an easy and practical form of evaluating the level of service in public spaces destined to the carriers of physical deficiency (sidewalks and streets passages) through the determination of an index that considers the parameters of higher importance by the point of view of wheelchair users. The index is defined through the identification and the ordinance of variables based on physical and environment characterization of sidewalks related to aspects of quality such as comfort, security and conditions of the environment. The weighing scale of the variables of physical and environment characterization of sidewalks (importance degree) is carried through analysis based on wheelchair users perception, therefore defining the ISPA - Index of Sidewalks and Passages Accessibility, and verifying its functionality through auditor work also performed with wheelchairs users advice in two places of São Carlos city. Through this tool of evaluation, the agencies of road management can evaluate the quality of the public spaces in a total route or specific stretches of the essential displacements for the real participation of the person with locomotion difficulties in society. / O presente trabalho de dissertação do mestrado em Engenharia Urbana da UFSCar - Universidade Federal de São Carlos visa definir uma forma fácil e prática de se avaliar o nível de serviço dos espaços públicos destinados aos portadores de deficiência física (calçadas e travessias de ruas) através da determinação de um índice que considere os parâmetros de maior importância sob o ponto de vista dos usuários de cadeira de rodas (cadeirantes). O índice é definido através da identificação e a ordenação de variáveis de caracterização física e ambiental das calçadas relacionadas aos aspectos de qualidade de conforto, segurança e condições do ambiente. A ponderação das variáveis de caracterização física e ambiental das calçadas (grau de importância) é realizada através de análise da percepção dos cadeirantes, definindo-se, desta forma o IACT Índice de Acessibilidade das Calçadas e Travessias, e verificando sua funcionalidade através de auditoria realizada com auxílio também de cadeirantes selecionados para realizar testes em dois locais da cidade de São Carlos. Através desta ferramenta de avaliação, os órgãos de gestão viária podem avaliar a qualidade dos espaços públicos em uma rota total ou em trechos específicos dos deslocamentos imprescindíveis para a real participação da pessoa com dificuldade de locomoção na sociedade.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:20:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 RicardoKLS_DISSERT_Capa_pag61.pdf: 5111779 bytes, checksum: 4e8fc171298813838cac6f5c345f45a9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-03-27 / This study has as a goal to establish a relationship between public sidewalk characteristics of Lagoa Nova District (neighborhood), in Natal and the kind of citizens whose constructions and maintenance layouts reflects. It?s understood here as public sidewalk, specifically, the place reserved for passers-by traffic, located between public lots and vehicles pavements. It?s a concern to make a brief survey about the occupation of this particular region and a detailed description over physical characteristic of its sidewalks that shows several obstacles for passers-by accessibility, trying to find possible factors that explain the problematic format , once, at the first sight, most of accessibility of passers-by is compromised. It? also, searched, local population thoughts regarding occupation notions about this environment, just like as cultural, political and economical aspects that might influence upon snatching these hybrid places located between private and public border line. It?s confirmed that the nowadays sidewalks? shapes is not only citizenship reflection or a lack of it but shows it as an active agent related with the construction of this set of fundamental rights and duties vital for harmonical co-living local citizens / Esse estudo tem por objetivo estabelecer uma rela??o entre as caracter?sticas do passeio p?blico do bairro de Lagoa Nova, em Natal, e o tipo de cidad?o que os moldes de constru??o e manuten??o desse espa?o refletem. Entende-se aqui como passeio p?blico, especificamente, o local destinado ao tr?nsito de pedestres, situado entre os lotes urbanos e a via de acesso aos ve?culos motorizados. Procura-se fazer um breve hist?rico sobre a ocupa??o dessa regi?o e uma descri??o detalhada das caracter?sticas f?sicas de suas cal?adas, que apresentam in?meros obst?culos ? acessibilidade dos transeuntes, tentando encontrar poss?veis fatores que expliquem o seu tra?ado problem?tico , visto que, aparentemente, em sua maior parte a acessibilidade de pedestres ? comprometida. Investiga-se, tamb?m, o pensamento da popula??o local em rela??o ?s no??es de ocupa??o desse ambiente, bem como aspectos culturais, pol?ticos e econ?micos que poderiam influenciar na apropria??o desse espa?o h?brido , situado na fronteira entre o p?blico e o privado. Confirma-se que o formato atual do passeio p?blico n?o ? apenas reflexo da cidadania ou aus?ncia dessa, mas se constitui como agente ativo relacionado ? constru??o desse conjunto de direitos e deveres fundamentais ao conv?vio harm?nico entre os habitantes de uma cidade

Anchored theoretically in critical discourse analysis and by using analytical tools from legitimization theory, this essay explores the communication within one particular kind of anti-abortion activism, called sidewalk counseling. Informed by previous research on abortion discourse, this study critically analyzes transcribed, authentic video material and accounts for legitimization strategies employed in sidewalk counselor language. The aims of this study are to investigate the linguistic make-up of sidewalk counselor communication, as well as how or to what extent sidewalk counselors motivate their activism in their speech, and to explore potential power relations in the communication. The results show that sidewalk counselors use a number of legitimization strategies in their communication, and they also indicate a power structure based in religiousness. Key findings include that appealing to interlocutors’ emotions is the most commonly used strategy by sidewalk counselors in the examined conversations, while referring to a hypothetical future is the least used strategy.

A presente pesquisa teve como objetivo principal a realização de estudos laboratoriais, de campo e numéricos, buscando viabilizar duas misturas de concreto permeável que foram utilizadas na construção de duas calçadas experimentais localizadas no campus da USP em São Paulo. Nas pistas experimentais foi realizado o acompanhamento da capacidade permeável ao longo do tempo, além da avaliação das suas respostas estruturais frente à aplicação de carregamentos dinâmicos por meio de equipamento FWD, considerando a variação do teor de umidade no interior das estruturas. Por fim, foram realizadas retroanálises com uso de diferentes softwares procurando entender qual das camadas da estrutura apresenta maior vulnerabilidade estrutural frente à presença de volumes excessivos de água. Os resultados da etapa laboratorial indicaram que há uma sensibilidade muito grande no comportamento das misturas em função do teor de aditivo superplastificante, uma vez que houve segregação severa da pasta de cimento no fundo dos corpos de prova quando esse teor ultrapassou determinado limite. Os resultados dos ensaios de taxa de infiltração em campo possibilitaram a proposição um modelo empírico para estimativa do desempenho da capacidade hidráulica para calçadas em concreto permeável executadas na região de São Paulo. Os resultados dos levantamentos deflectométricos e das retroanálises indicaram variação considerável na capacidade de suporte do conjunto base+subleito entre as calçadas, além de evidenciar considerável perda da capacidade de suporte dessas estruturas quanto submetidas à presença de elevados volumes de água no seu interior. Palavras chave: concreto permeável, calçada, pavimento, taxa de infiltração, levantamento deflectométrico, análise estrutural, retroanálise. / The main goal of this research was to carry out laboratorial, field and numerical studies with the purpose of defining two feasible pervious concrete mixtures to be used as the surface layer of two experimental sidewalks in the campus of the University of São Paulo. The permeability capacity of the sidewalks was monitored along time, as well as its structural responses in terms of deflections due to application of FWD dynamic loadings, assessing how the structural behavior was impacted by the presence of high volumes of water into the permeable structure. A backcalculation procedure was used in order to assess the elastic behavior of the structure layers, as well as find out which layer of the structure is the most vulnerable in terms of mechanical behavior under the presence of excessive volumes of water. The results in the laboratory indicates that pervious concrete mixtures are considerable sensitives to the amount of superplasticizer additive, since a severe mortar segregation was observed on the bottom of the specimens casted using some of the mixtures produced. The results of infiltration tests in field made it possible to develop an empirical model capable of estimating the hydraulic performance of pervious concrete permeable sidewalks in São Paulo region. The results of the deflection measurements and the backcalculations indicated a considerable variation on the bearing capacity of the infrastructure (base+subgrade) between the two sidewalks. In addition, it is evident the loss of bearing capacity of the structure under the presence of excessive amount of water into the sidewalk.

The aim of this thesis is to solve construction adjustments on the street Štefánikova in Zlín with intersections modifications in the affected area. The documentation contains traffic calming solution for this street and it also deals with cycle tracks. Furthermore, the work deals with appropriate adjustments on bus stops and nearby sidewalks. All construction works are designed in accordance with the valid building codes and regulations.

Recently, the ‘Smart City’ label has emerged as a popular umbrella term for numerous projects around the world that claim to offer an enhanced urban experience, often provided in collaboration with international companies through private-public partnerships. As smart cities pledge to create long-term economic sustainability and progressive form of urban entrepreneurialism, it is getting important to highlight risks such as the reduced role of the public sector, technological dominance and data privacy.In contrast to more a conventional, long-term, holistic master planning, a technologically pre-determined form of Smart City endangers the emancipator usage of public spaces as spaces of diversity, creativity, inclusive citizen participation and urban sustainability.This research approaches the concept of Smart Cities as a future category and, thus, targets to develop a comprehensive visual analysis based on architectural representations in the form of computer-generated images (CGI’s). The Quayside project, a notable and widely criticized urban development project, by Sidewalk Toronto, a cooperation between Waterfront Toronto and Sidewalk Labs which is a sister subsidiary of Alphabet Inc., has been selected as Smart City case study as. Visual analysis was conducted by using the theoretical frame advocating ‘Coordinating Smart Cities’ in contrast to ‘Prescriptive Smart Cities’ by Richard Sennett. In addition to Sennett’s concept of ‘Incomplete Form’, Jan Gehl’s ‘Twelve Quality Criteria’ was used as coding categories to elaborate the content analysis which was followed by semiological and compositional interpretations. Visuals have been investigated in three sequential sets and analyzed focusing on time-based comparative frequency counts for sets of visuals. Concentrating on how future public spaces are illustrated, the study aims to uncover and to discuss how Smart Cities are being imagined and advertised.

Objectives: Since their introduction in 2019, the use of e-scooters has become widespread in Germany. Concerns about road safety, especially pedestrian safety, have arisen as the popularity of micro-mobility has grown. In light of this context, the present study investigates which types of road infrastructure e-scooter riders use, with a focus on riding on the sidewalk, which is not permitted in Germany. We considered the following infrastructures: (1) off-road bike lane (+ sidewalk and road), (2) on-road bike lane (+ sidewalk and road), and (3) road (+ sidewalk). Methods: Observations at six sites (recording 738 e-scooter riders) and on-site surveys (involving responses from 129 e-scooter riders) were conducted in two German cities in August 2020 and September 2020. Results: Self-reported sidewalk riding was not found to be linked directly to a lack of rule knowledge, a preference for this type of infrastructure, or perceived safety. Observations indicated that using the sidewalk might be related to situational components, such as comfort or convenience, comprising up to 40% of instances of sidewalk riding. Conclusion: Considering the comfort and convenience factor of sites when building or improving cycling infrastructure can help keep e-scooter riders from riding on the sidewalk.