No description available.

Estudiar el conflicto interno en la dirigencia y la crisis de representación en el SUTEP de la Región Central, implica comprenderla teniendo en cuenta la relación existente entre los sindicatos y los partidos políticos. En el SUTEP los partidos políticos como el Partido Comunista del Perú “Sendero Luminoso” y el Partido Comunista del Perú “Patria Roja” juegan un rol importante en su conducción, haciendo evidente sus objetivos políticos más allá de las cuestiones meramente reivindicativas. Desde la ideología de estos partidos hay una mirada histórica y trascendente en el rol que debe cumplir el sindicato. En ese sentido, cómo desde pertenencias a tal o cuales identidades políticas o la asunción de tales o cuales pasiones políticas, se despliega una práctica discursiva que pone de manifiesto el conflicto. El conflicto se funda en cómo los dirigentes, desde posiciones fundamentalistas, exacerban el conflicto para alcanzar objetivos trascendentes. En cambio los maestros de base, si bien intermitentemente se identifican con las cuestiones reivindicativas concretas que plantea la dirigencia, no se identifican con sus objetivos trascendentes e históricos. Mas bien el sentido de vida cotidiana de los maestros de base, va por la afirmación de sus identidades más individualistas, de profesionalización, antes que colectivas. Por lo que, en una situación de conflicto de las dirigencias, los maestros de base no respaldan a sus dirigentes. / Tesis

The essence of this thesis is to explore the role of Nigeria, West Africa's hegemon, in the intervention efforts by the Economic Community of West African states (ECOWAS) through its Cease-fire Monitoring Group (ECOMOG) in both Liberia (1990-1997) and Sierra Leone (1993-2000). While the thesis has sought to understand the leading role played by Nigeria in first establishing the ECOWAS and being the primus motor for its functions, I have also attempted to analyse the rationalities for the transformation of ECOWAS from a purely economic integrative scheme to a security organisation. While the economic agendas for ECOWAS have not changed, the argument in this thesis is that security related issues and realities have taken precedence over the original economistic agendas. One of the thesis' major arguments is that the nature of results attained in both Liberia and Sierra Leone are different because of (a) the leadership role of Nigeria and (b) the nature of international responses and contributions to the resolution of these conflicts. In the thesis, I argue that in the Liberian case, Nigeria took a more domineering leadership role albeit tinged with the characteristics of the actions of a benevolent hegemon. Here, Nigeria through different processes either through leadership, consensus-seeking processes and dialogue managed to get other ECOWAS states to coalesce around its leadership. However, in Sierra Leone, Nigeria's leadership role was not permitted to unfold. The resultant effect was the shift from NIFAG to ECOMOG and eventually "rekindling hatred" of these troops as UN troops. This thesis has pointed to the utility of sub-regional organisations in resolving conflicts and demonstrates the need for further study. / Political Science / DLITT ET PHIL (INT POL)

The essence of this thesis is to explore the role of Nigeria, West Africa's hegemon, in the intervention efforts by the Economic Community of West African states (ECOWAS) through its Cease-fire Monitoring Group (ECOMOG) in both Liberia (1990-1997) and Sierra Leone (1993-2000). While the thesis has sought to understand the leading role played by Nigeria in first establishing the ECOWAS and being the primus motor for its functions, I have also attempted to analyse the rationalities for the transformation of ECOWAS from a purely economic integrative scheme to a security organisation. While the economic agendas for ECOWAS have not changed, the argument in this thesis is that security related issues and realities have taken precedence over the original economistic agendas. One of the thesis' major arguments is that the nature of results attained in both Liberia and Sierra Leone are different because of (a) the leadership role of Nigeria and (b) the nature of international responses and contributions to the resolution of these conflicts. In the thesis, I argue that in the Liberian case, Nigeria took a more domineering leadership role albeit tinged with the characteristics of the actions of a benevolent hegemon. Here, Nigeria through different processes either through leadership, consensus-seeking processes and dialogue managed to get other ECOWAS states to coalesce around its leadership. However, in Sierra Leone, Nigeria's leadership role was not permitted to unfold. The resultant effect was the shift from NIFAG to ECOMOG and eventually "rekindling hatred" of these troops as UN troops. This thesis has pointed to the utility of sub-regional organisations in resolving conflicts and demonstrates the need for further study. / Political Science / DLITT ET PHIL (INT POL)

No description available.

L’adoption de nouvelles pratiques agricoles dans le but d’améliorer les rendements et de réduire la pauvreté est devenue un enjeu important pour le secteur du café au Mexique. Cependant, l’adoption des mesures recommandées demeure largement au-dessous des niveaux escomptés. Cette étude emploie un modèle probit multivarié pour analyser les facteurs qui facilitent ou entravent l’adoption de nouvelles pratiques utilisant des données provenant d’un sondage auprès de 119 producteurs. Les résultats montrent que la taille de l’exploitation, les liens de parenté, le niveau d’éducation, l’âge, le sexe et la taille du ménage ont une influence sur les choix des producteurs. Pour chaque catégorie de pratiques, l’appartenance à une organisation de producteurs a un effet positif. Des politiques visant à organiser les producteurs au sein d’associations locales au travers desquelles des services de vulgarisation peuvent être offerts pourraient améliorer le taux d’adoption des pratiques agricoles recommandées. / The adoption of productivity enhancing agricultural practices has become an important issue in the Mexican coffee sector especially as a way to tackle declining yields and poverty. However the adoption of recommended measures remains below expected levels. This study uses a multivariate probit model to analyse the factors that facilitate or impede the adoption of new practices using data from a survey of 119 producers. The results show that farm size, kinship networks, level of education, age, gender and household size all influence farmer investment in agricultural practices. For every category, membership in a producer organization was found to have a positive effect on the probability of adoption. Policies aimed at organizing coffee farmers into local associations through which extension services can be provided could improve the adoption rate of recommended agricultural practices.

This study is the product, chiefly, of fieldwork, undertaken in Sierra Leone, which sought to interview and experience contemporary Limba religio-cultural practices. Using a systematic approach, the goal was to provide a broader understanding of Limba religion, as well as to discover the effect of Limba religiosity, and the tenacity with which the Limba hold to their culture and religion, on the National Pentecostal Limba Church (NPLC) over the past three decades. The study begins with an introduction, which outlines its objectives and structure, the research methods, and its general outline. This is followed by a basic introduction to the socio-history of the Limba people, their origin, environment, language, politics, economy and other socio-cultural characteristics, in order to provide an understanding of the background on which their religion is formed. The heart of the study is a detailed examination of Limba religious beliefs and their intersection with Christianity. It includes a definition of Limba religion and its components. This seeks to identify the current state of Limba religion amidst the changes it has experienced and continues to experience as a result of internal and external influences, and to provide a template for this study, an analysis of the Limba belief in a supreme creator God whom they call Kanu Masala, his epithets, attributes and activities, Limba worship and worship methods, the Limba understanding of the spirit world, humankind, sin and salvation, and the roles of sacred specialists. The study concludes with an examination of the causes of the tenacious loyalty with which some Limba Christians hold to their traditional religious beliefs and practices, their reluctance to part with them, and the effects of their dual religiosity on the NPLC, as well as the church's response, and the resulting reciprocal effects over the past three decades in Sierra Leone. This study fills a gap in the extant literature about the ethno-theological landscape of Sierra Leone, and provides a detailed study on the intersection of African Traditional Religion and Christianity. / Systematic Theology & Theological Ethics / D.Th. (Systematic Theology)

This study is the product, chiefly, of fieldwork, undertaken in Sierra Leone, which sought to interview and experience contemporary Limba religio-cultural practices. Using a systematic approach, the goal was to provide a broader understanding of Limba religion, as well as to discover the effect of Limba religiosity, and the tenacity with which the Limba hold to their culture and religion, on the National Pentecostal Limba Church (NPLC) over the past three decades. The study begins with an introduction, which outlines its objectives and structure, the research methods, and its general outline. This is followed by a basic introduction to the socio-history of the Limba people, their origin, environment, language, politics, economy and other socio-cultural characteristics, in order to provide an understanding of the background on which their religion is formed. The heart of the study is a detailed examination of Limba religious beliefs and their intersection with Christianity. It includes a definition of Limba religion and its components. This seeks to identify the current state of Limba religion amidst the changes it has experienced and continues to experience as a result of internal and external influences, and to provide a template for this study, an analysis of the Limba belief in a supreme creator God whom they call Kanu Masala, his epithets, attributes and activities, Limba worship and worship methods, the Limba understanding of the spirit world, humankind, sin and salvation, and the roles of sacred specialists. The study concludes with an examination of the causes of the tenacious loyalty with which some Limba Christians hold to their traditional religious beliefs and practices, their reluctance to part with them, and the effects of their dual religiosity on the NPLC, as well as the church's response, and the resulting reciprocal effects over the past three decades in Sierra Leone. This study fills a gap in the extant literature about the ethno-theological landscape of Sierra Leone, and provides a detailed study on the intersection of African Traditional Religion and Christianity. / Philosophy, Practical and Systematic Theology / D.Th. (Systematic Theology)

Assemblages of Paleozoic age and less significant Triassic and possibly Cretaceous-Tertiary volcanic rocks constitute the Sierra El Aliso, 186 km east-southeast of Hermosillo, Sonora. The Paleozoic section consists of approximately 2000 m of allochthonous Ordovician to Permian pelagic and hemipelagic deposits that accumulated in continental slope, continental rise and ocean floor (?) environments. The lower Paleozoic is characterized by graptolitic black shale and radiolarian chert, quartzite, argillite and local limestone. The upper Paleozoic is predominantly turbidite carbonates rich in benthonic foraminifera, and conodont faunas, subordinate bedded chert, siltstone, sandstone and chert-clast conglomerate. After Early Permian time, but prior to the deposition of the Late Triassic Barranca Group the Paleozoic section was imbricated along south-southeast vergent thrust faults. The Triassic rocks unconformably overlie the Paleo-zoic strata and all thrust faults. The Triassic and older rocks are overlain by the Cretaceous-Tertiary volcanics.

Les modalités paléogéographiques et tectoniques du passage du système cordillérain occidental nord-américain au domaine caraïbe sont abordées à partir d'études géologiques régionales de divers secteurs du Mexique méridional. Le mémoire comporte six parties. Les cinq premières sont consacrées à la stratigraphie et à l'évolution paléogéographique et structurale des secteurs étudiés. Les données sont complétées par des observations en dehors de ces secteurs et par l'information bibliographique concernant l'ensemble des grands domaines géologiques sud-mexicains et centro-américains. La sixième partie a pour objet partant des données géologiques du Mexique méridional et de l'Amérique Centrale et en les intégrant dans un cadre très large, de proposer un modèle d'évolution géodynamique allant de la reconstruction de la partie occidentale de la pangée perme-triasique au dispositif actuel des plaques nord et sud-américaines, de la plaque caraïbe et de la plaque de Cocos. Dans l'introduction le Mexique méridional est d'abord situé dans son cadre géologique et géodynamique actuel. On définit, de façon nouvelle, ses grands domaines continentaux en s'appuyant sur leurs particularités stratigraphiques, la polarité orogénique des édifices montagneux -schématiquement la structuration est de plus en plus récente d'Ouest en Est -, leur vergence, orientale en règle générale, et la présence de limites faillées majeures. Du domaine marin Golfe du Mexique - mer des Caraïbes à l'Est, à l'Océan Pacifique, à l'Ouest, ces grands ensembles sont: 1°/_ L'avant-pays maya, tabulaire. 2°/_ Le domaine olmèque et chiapanèque prolongé par le domaine quichê. au Nord de l'Amérique Centrale et les "Mexican Ridges" immergées du Golfe du Mexique. C'est une large ceinture plissée occupant la position la plus externe. Les terrains sédimentaires mésozoïques et tertiaires, de type plate-forme reposent sur un socle paléozoïque affleurant dans la partie interne de la ceinture. Elle a été structurée tardivement, au Miocène supérieur. 3°/_ La Sierra de Juanez. Elle est située dans le prolongement de la Sierra Madre Orientale du Mexique septentrional. C'est un édifice montagneux chevauchant la ceinture plissée précédente et comportant notamment des sédiments mésozoïques épimétamorphisés à éléments ophiolitiques. Sa structuration est antérieure à celle de la ceinture externe, polyphasée, due aux phases subhercynienne et laramienne principalement. 4°/_ Le bioc d'Oaxaea. C'est un haut-plateau situé à l'Ouest de la Sierra de Juarez contre laquelle il bute par failles verticales (système cuicatèque). Le socle précambrien et paléozoïque affleure largement. La couverture mésozoïque néritique de sa région centrale est peu déformée. Celle de ses bordures orientale et occidentale, à cachet plus profond, a été fortement plissée et cisaillée au cours de la phase laramienne. 5/_ Le système cordillérain occidental nord americain Il est représenté par des terrains appartenant à son extrémité méridionale. Ils chevauchent la bordure occidentale du bloc d'Oaxaca. Il s'agit principalement de roches volcanogènes andésitiques d'âge Jurassique supérieur à Cénomanien. Cette partie de la ceinture marginale pacifique mésozoïque a été structurée au cours des phases "orégonienne" , subhercynienne ? et laramienne. Les trois derniers ensembles sont largement cachetés par des molasses continentales tertiaires discordantes et par des formations volcaniques andésitiques cénozoïques. Le volcanisme anté-miocène se rattache à celui de la Sierra Madre Occidentale du Mexique septentrional. Le volcanisme plus récent s'est déplacé progressivement vers l'Ouest et n'existe dans la ceinture plissée externe que depuis 3 m.a. L'édifice plissé externe, la ceinture olmèque, chiapanèque et quiché, est limité au Sud par le système décrochant sénestre Polochic-Motagua et son prolongement mexicain jusqu'à la côte pacifique du Chiapas, éléments du réseau de failles de la frontière nord-caraïbe actuelle. Les autres édifices sont tronqués au Sud par l'un des paléo-prolongements occidentaux de la frontière nord-caraibe , le système de failles Atoyac, parallèle aux côtes méridionales du Mexique, à l'Ouest de l'isthme de Tehuantepec. Le système Atoyac et la fosse d'Acapulco sont les limites nord et sud d'un paléo-couloir de cisaillement sénestre de largeur comparable au couloir actif nord-caraïbe centro-américain encadré par les failles des systèmes Polochic et Jocatan-Chamelecon. Au paléo-couloir mexicain correspond la province physiographique de la Sierra Madre du Sud s.s., lanière du système cordillérain occidental juxtaposée par coulissage sénestre aux régions méridionales du bloc d'Oaxaca et de la Sierra de Juarez.