Bit-interleaved coded modulation with iterative decoding (BICM-ID)is a spectral efficient coded modulation technique to improve the performance of digital communication systems. It has been widely known that for fixed signal constellation, interleaver and error control code, signal mapping plays an important role in determining the error performance of a BICM-ID system. This thesis concentrates on signal mapping designs for BICM-ID systems. To this end, the distance criteria to find the best mapping in terms of the asymptotic performance are first analytically derived for different channel models. Such criteria are then used to find good mappings for various two-dimensional 8-ary constellations. The usefulness of the proposed mappings of 8-ary constellations is verified by both the error floor bound and simulation results. Moreover, new mappings are also proposed for BICM-ID systems employing the quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK) constellation. The new mappings are obtained by considering many QPSK symbols over a multiple symbol interval, which essentially creates hypercube constellations. Analytical and simulation results show that the use of the proposed mappings together with very simple convolutional codes can offer significant coding gains over the conventional BICM-ID systems for all the channel models considered. Such coding gains are achieved without any bandwidth nor power expansion and with a very small increase in the system complexity.

Bit-interleaved coded modulation with iterative decoding (BICM-ID)is a spectral efficient coded modulation technique to improve the performance of digital communication systems. It has been widely known that for fixed signal constellation, interleaver and error control code, signal mapping plays an important role in determining the error performance of a BICM-ID system. This thesis concentrates on signal mapping designs for BICM-ID systems. To this end, the distance criteria to find the best mapping in terms of the asymptotic performance are first analytically derived for different channel models. Such criteria are then used to find good mappings for various two-dimensional 8-ary constellations. The usefulness of the proposed mappings of 8-ary constellations is verified by both the error floor bound and simulation results. Moreover, new mappings are also proposed for BICM-ID systems employing the quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK) constellation. The new mappings are obtained by considering many QPSK symbols over a multiple symbol interval, which essentially creates hypercube constellations. Analytical and simulation results show that the use of the proposed mappings together with very simple convolutional codes can offer significant coding gains over the conventional BICM-ID systems for all the channel models considered. Such coding gains are achieved without any bandwidth nor power expansion and with a very small increase in the system complexity.

A quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK) retrodirective array phase modulator (RAPM) was designed and fabricated to characterize its backscatter signal constellation when placed near objects with varying conductivities and relative permittivities. The signal constellations produced when the RAPM was placed near objects were compared to a constellation in free space to determine relative magnitude and phase changes. When conductors and high permittivity dielectrics were placed close behind the RAPM, constellation points were found to shrink in magnitude by up to twenty percent and shift in phase by up to eight degrees. When conductors were placed between the RAPM and an interrogator, the signal constellation was found to collapse, shrinking by up to 95.6 percent. For materials similar to free space, minimal constellation shrinkage resulted, but signal constellation rotation by up to 68 degrees occurred. The power consumption of a RAPM was also characterized and found to decrease as the number of bits per symbol increased. This result demonstrates that in comparison to conventional backscatter tags, which implement one bit per symbol, the RAPM can implement a greater number of bits per symbol, reduce its power consumption, and increase its range in a passive backscatter communication system. To characterize the beamwidth of the RAPM's retrodirective array, a radar cross section (RCS) measurement of the RAPM was performed over a scan angle range of -90 to +90 degrees. The structural component generated by the RAPM's patch antenna ground plane was found to dominate the antenna mode of the retrodirective array. As a result, a novel homodyne receiver based RCS measurement was performed to filter out the structural RCS component and measure the pure antenna mode of the RAPM.

This thesis focuses on the concept of uniquely factorable constellations (UFCs) in the design of space-time block codes (STBCs) for wireless communication systems using three different approaches. Based on intelligent constellation collaboration, UFCs can provide the systematic design of a full diversity code with improved coding gain. Firstly, motivated by the energy-efficient hexagonal lattice carved from the Eisenstein integer domain, hexagonal UFCs and hexagonal uniquely factorable constellation pairs (UFCPs), of various sizes, are constructed for a noncoherent single-input multiple-output (SIMO) system. It is proved that these designs assure the blind unique identification of channel coefficients and transmitted signals in a noise-free case and full diversity for the noncoherent maximum likelihood (ML) receiver in a noisy case. In addition, an optimal energy scale is found to maximize the coding gain. Secondly, using a matrix similar to the Alamouti matrix and the UFCP concept based on the quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) constellation, a novel energy-efficient unitary STBC is designed for a noncoherent multiple-input single-output (MISO) system with two transmitter antennas and one receiver antenna by using the QR decomposition. It is shown that the proposed UFCP-STBC design also allows for the blind unique identification of both the transmitted signals and channel coefficients as well as full diversity. In addition, an optimal unitary UFCP-STBC is devised to maximize the coding gain subject to a transmission bit rate constraint. The last approach is to demonstrate how the UFCP concept is applied to the systematic design of a coherent relay network coding system. A class of uniquely factorable Alamouti matrix pairs is proposed for the design of a novel amplify-forward relay network coding scheme, which allows the relay node to transmit its own information. By carefully making use of the Alamouti coding structure and strategically encoding the signals from the two antennas at the relay node, the resulting coding scheme enables the optimal full diversity gain and better coding gain for the ML detector. Comprehensive computer simulations show that the three uniquely factorable designs presented in this thesis have the best error performance compared to the current designs in literature. / Thesis / Candidate in Philosophy

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Orientador: Reginaldo Palazzo Junior / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Eletrica e de Computação / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-12T13:34:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Albuquerque_JulioCesarHolandade_M.pdf: 1364323 bytes, checksum: 01181adde228aa4d914d7edabdde4aca (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008 / Resumo: A proposta deste trabalho é apresentar uma abordagem aos processos genéticos e moleculares, utilizando a teoria de comunicações e codificação na modelagem do dogma central da biologia molecular. A partir desta modelagem associamos o código genético a um modulador de um sistema de comunicação. Mais especificamente, tal procedimento consiste em construir uma constelação de sinais a partir dos subgrupos de S3 e S4 baseado no código genético. Considerando este método algébrico de construção de sinais, propomos duas possíveis constelações de sinais para o código genético. A representação do código genético em constelações de sinais correlacionadas deu origem à idéia de "constelação de sinais concatenadas", idéia inovadora na teoria de comunicação e codificação. As constelações de sinais concatenadas possui a propriedade de correção de erros, consistindo de novos conceitos úteis para utilização na teoria da comunicação e codificação. Por outro lado, estas representações do código genético não são únicas pois, até o presente momento, desconhecemos uma álgebra que descreva o código genético juntamente com as suas partições geradas pelos aminoácidos. / Abstract: The purpose of this work is to present an approach to the genetic and molecular processes by use of the communication and coding theory in modelling the central dogma of the molecular biology. From this modelling we associate the genetic code to a modulator in the communication system. More specifically, such a procedure consists is in the construction of a signal constellation by use of the S3 and S4 permutation subgroups based on the code genetic. By considering this algebraic method of signal design, we propose two possible signal constellations to the genetic code. The representation of the genetic code as correlated signal constellations provides the idea idea of "concatenated signal constellation", an innovative idea in communication and coding theory. The concatenated signal constellations have the property of error-correction, a new concept being introduced. On the other hand, these representations of the genetic code are not unique for currently, we do not know an algebraic structure capable of describing the genetic code together with the partitioning generated by the amino acids. / Mestrado / Telecomunicações e Telemática / Mestre em Engenharia Elétrica

In the recent years, the exponential Internet traffic growth projections place enormous transmission rate demand on the underlying information infrastructure at every level, from the long haul submarine transmission to optical metro networks. In recent years, optical transmission at 100 Gb/s Ethernet date rate has been standardized by ITU-T and IEEE forums and 400Gb/s and 1Tb/s rates per DWDM channel systems has been under intensive investigation which are expected to be standardized within next couple of years.To facilitate the implementation of 400GbE and 1TbE technologies, the new advanced modulation scheme combined with advanced forward error correction code should be proposed. Instead of using traditional QAM, we prefer to use some other modulation techniques, which are more suitable for current coherent optical transmission systems and can also deal with the channel impairments. In this dissertation, we target at improving the channel capacity by designing the new modulation formats. For the first part of the dissertation, we first describe the optimal signal constellation design algorithm (OSCD), which is designed by placing constellation points onto a two dimensional space. Then, we expand the OSCD onto multidimensional space and design its corresponding mapping rule. At last, we also develop the OSCD algorithm for different channel scenario in order to make the constellation more tolerant to different channel impairments. We propose the LLR-OSCD for linear phase noise dominated channel and NL-OSCD for nonlinear phase noise dominated channel including both self-phase modulation (SPM) and cross-phase modulation (XPM) cases. For the second part of the dissertation, we target at probability shaping of the constellation sets (non-uniform signaling). In the conventional data transmission schemes, the probability of each point in a given constellation is transmitted equally likely and the number of constellation sets is set to 2!. If the points with low energy are transmitted with larger probability then the others with large energy, the non- uniform scheme can achieve higher energy efficiency. Meanwhile, this scheme may be more suitable for optical communication because the transmitted points with large probabilities, which have small energy, suffer less nonlinearity. Both the Monte Carlo simulations and experiment demonstration of both OSCD and non-uniform signaling schemes indicate that our proposed signal constellation significantly outperforms QAM, IPQ, and sphere-packing based signal constellations.

Submitted by Johnny Rodrigues (johnnyrodrigues@ufcg.edu.br) on 2018-04-20T22:42:49Z No. of bitstreams: 1 RAPHAEL TAVARES DE ALENCAR - DISSERTAÇÃO PPGEE 2014..pdf: 1279047 bytes, checksum: 21e02690d9f7fa6020cc8bc9de97b124 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-04-20T22:42:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 RAPHAEL TAVARES DE ALENCAR - DISSERTAÇÃO PPGEE 2014..pdf: 1279047 bytes, checksum: 21e02690d9f7fa6020cc8bc9de97b124 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-08 / O canal sem fio tem características de desvanecimento devido ao multipercurso, visto que há reflexões e espalhamentos ao longo do caminho percorrido pelo sinal. O desvanecimento é considerado uma das principais causas de degradação do desempenho em um sistema de comunicações móveis, visto que depende fortemente do canal em que se propaga o sinal transmitido. A diversidade de modulação é uma técnica eficiente em termos de utilização de banda de frequência, que consiste na rotação da constelação do sinal digital transmitido associado ao entrelaçamento das componentes de modulação em fase e em quadratura da constelação do sinal. O objetivo da diversidade em modulação é mitigar os efeitos do desvanecimento em comunicações sem fio. Esta dissertação aborda o estudo da diversidade de modulação no cenário de múltiplos raios de propagação Osresultadosapresentamsimulaçõesdecenárioscom múltiplos raios, isto é, o sinal é transmitido por múltiplos percursos, cada um associado a um fator de desvanecimento e um atraso aleatórios. São feitas comparações entre as taxas de erros para oito cenários com e sem interferência intersimbólica, de um a seis raios, com e sem linha de visada, para os esquemas de modulação digital 4-PSK e 8-PSK. São apresentadas as comparações entre os resultados de taxas de erros com e sem o uso da técnica de diversidade de modulação, com a intenção de avaliar o ganho desta técnica nestes cenários. Também é feita uma análise para obter o ângulo de rotação ótimo para as constelações mencionadas, considerando diferentes cenários de multipercurso. Para tanto, são empregados os conceitos de esquemas de modulação digital, múltiplos percursos, distribuições de probabilidade, canais de comunicação e técnicas de diversidade. / The wireless channel has characteristics of multipath fading,due to reflections and scattering that the signal suffers over the propagation path. Fading is considered one of the main causes of performance degradation of a mobile communications system, as it strongly depends on the channel through which the signal is transmitted. Modulation diversity is a bandwidth-efficient technique that consist on the rotation of the digital signal constellation. assiciated with the interleaving of the in-phase and quadrature modulation components. The objective of the modulation diversity technique is to mitigate the effects of fading in wireless communications The results present simulations of multipath scenarios, that is, the signal is transmitted through multiple channels, each one associated with a stochastic fading factor and random delay Biterrorratesareevaluatedandcomparedforforeightdifferentscenarioswithandwithout intersymbolicinterference,fromonetosixpaths,withandwithoutlineofsight,for4-PSKand 8-PSKdigitalmodulationschemes. Transmissionbiterrorratevalues,withandwithouttheuse ofmodulationdiversityarecompared,astoevaluatethegainofthisdiversitytechniqueforsuch scenarios. Also, an analysis is performed to obtain the optimum rotation angle for the mentioned constellations, considering the different multipath scenarios. In this regard, concepts of digital modulation schemes, multiple paths, probability distributions, communication channels and diversity techniques are used.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:55:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 TallesRF_DISSERT.pdf: 1140964 bytes, checksum: 341e86481dc2ae47c2cea90b012c9fc6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-03-12 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / Wavelet coding is an efficient technique to overcome the multipath fading effects, which are characterized by fluctuations in the intensity of the transmitted signals over wireless channels. Since the wavelet symbols are non-equiprobable, modulation schemes play a significant role in the overall performance of wavelet systems. Thus the development of an efficient design method is crucial to obtain modulation schemes suitable for wavelet systems, principally when these systems employ wavelet encoding matrixes of great dimensions. In this work, it is proposed a design methodology to obtain sub-optimum modulation schemes for wavelet systems over Rayleigh fading channels. In this context, novels signal constellations and quantization schemes are obtained via genetic algorithm and mathematical tools. Numerical results obtained from simulations show that the wavelet-coded systems derived here have very good performance characteristics over fading channels / A codifica??o por matrizes wavelets tem se mostrado um m?todo eficiente para combater o desvanecimento, fen?meno que causa flutua??es na intensidade do sinal transmitido em um canal de comunica??o sem fio, devido ? propaga??o por m?ltiplos percursos. Mas como os s?mbolos codificados pelo sistema wavelet s?o n?o-equiprov?veis, os esquemas de modula??o influenciam de maneira fundamental o desempenho desse sistema. Por isso se torna essencial um m?todo eficaz para a obten??o desses esquemas de modula??o de forma a otimizar o desempenho do sistema wavelet, principalmente quando se emprega matrizes wavelets de grandes dimens?es. Esse trabalho aborda o projeto de esquemas de modula??o para um sistema de transmiss?o sem fio baseado na codifica??o por matrizes wavelets em canais com desvanecimento Rayleigh plano. Para o projeto desses esquemas de modula??o s?o criados novas constela??es e esquemas de quantiza??o. O projeto desses esquemas de modula??o ? guiado por um algoritmo gen?tico. Os resultados obtidos atrav?s de simula??es computacionais mostram que os sistemas wavelets empregando esses esquemas obtiveram um bom desempenho em canais caracterizados pelo desvanecimento Rayleigh

Orientador: Reginaldo Palazzo Junior / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Eletrica e de Computação / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-11T09:02:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Cavalcante_RodrigoGusmao_D.pdf: 1972914 bytes, checksum: 6cdc127efe5cbfcb242fe471138f03f4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007 / Resumo: Em geral, o espaço EucIidiano é utilizado no projeto e na análise de desempenho da maior parte dos sistemas de comunicações atuais. Nesta tese, verificamos que o modelo de um sistema de comunicação não necessariamente está restrito ao espaço Euclidiano, mas sim a uma variedade Riemanniana. Com isso, os sistemas de comunicaçoes podun ser analisados em um contexto mais geral, no qual constatamos que a curvatura do espaço influencia em seus desempenhos. Corno exemplo, estudamos a curvatura de meios ópticos e propomos novos perfis de guias de ondas, fibras ópticas e lentes de interesse prático. Além disso, caracterizamos a curvatura de modulações não-lineares (twisted) e verificamos que o valor máximo permitido para a energia média do ruído está relacionada ao valor da curvatura da modulação. Neste contexto, as moclulações associadas a superfícies mínimas apresentaram bons desempenhos, pois tais modulações são pontos críticos do erro quadrático médio. Mostramos também que o espaço de sinais possui métrica induzida da superfície associada à modulação. Com isso, foi possível demonstrar que os espaços de sinais com curvatura negativa são os que apresentam melhor desempenho segundo a probabilidade média de erro. Dessa forma, alguns exemplos de constelações de sinais geometricamente uniformes foram construídos e analisados em variedades Riemannianas. Finalizamos este trabalho notando que na maioria das vezes que o espaço hiperbólico é utilizado nos blocos ele um sistema ele comunicações, o desempenho desse sistema tende a se aproximar do ponto ótimo de operação / Abstract: ln general, the Euclidian space is used in the design and performance analysis in most of the current communication systems. ln this thesis, we note that the model of a communication system is not necessarily restricted to the Euclidian space, more precisely, the model can be linked to Riemannian manifolds. Thus, the communication systems could be analyed in a broader context, in which the curvature of space influence on their performance. As an example, we studied the curvature of optical medium and propose new profiles of waveguides, optical fibers and lenses of practical interest. Moreover, we have characterized the curvature of twisted modulations and found that the maximum value allowed for the average energy of noise is related to the value of the curvature of the modulation. ln this context, the modulation associatecl with minimal surfaces showed good performance, because these modulations are critical points of minimum the mean-square error. VVe show that the signal space has induced metric associated with surface of the modulation. Thus, we have shown that the signal space with negative curvature is the space where the average error probability decrease a function of the curvature. Thus, some examples of geometrically uniform signal constellations were constructecl and analyzed on Riemannian manifolds. Finally we note that most of the time that hyperbolic space is considered in blocks of a communication system, then the performance of this system tends to be closer to the optimum point of operation / Doutorado / Telecomunicações e Telemática / Doutor em Engenharia Elétrica