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The diploma thesis focuses on special activities used with visually impaired individuals such as spatial orientation and independent movement activities. The thesis is based both on literature and questionnaires filled in by parents and interviews with children who take spatial orientation and independent movement courses. The first part of this thesis is characteristics of children with severe visual impairment. Next chapter is dedicated to visual defects and injuries of children, including special pedagogy diagnostics. The third chapter deals with special activities used with visual impaired individuals, specifically self-service, training of signing one's self, spatial orientation and independent movement. The final part consists of research - questionnaires and interviews with children who attend spatial orientation and independent movement courses. Keywords: visually impaired, self-service, training of signing one's self, spatial orientation and independent movement.

Em sistemas modernos de manutenção inteligente a qualidade de uma máquina ou equipamento depende do suporte que é fornecido junto com esse produto, com a confiabilidade e segurança na utilização do mesmo. Estas exigências, por vezes, não são cumpridas e podem estar indisponíveis em algumas máquinas. Este trabalho descreve uma abordagem utilizando sinais de vibração coletados em tempo real com falhas como estudo preliminar para uma abordagem mais profunda como estudo dametodologia de testes de vida acelerado para auxiliar durante a fase de vida operacional permitindo ao fabricante a determinação dos ciclos de vida do produto. A abordagem proposta construída em cima de experiências anteriores em desenvolvimento no projeto Integração de Sistemas Inteligentes de Manutenção e Cadeia de Fornecimento de Peças Sobressalentes. O objetivo deste trabalho é apresentar resultados preliminares analisando a variabilidade das assinaturas de falhas das engrenagens danificadas de maneira a permitir a identificação dos ciclos de vida do produto para partes específicas de um atuador elétrico. / In modern systems of intelligent maintenance the quality of a machine or equipment depends on the support that comes with this product, with the reliability and safety in the use of it. These requirements are sometimes not met and may be unavailable on some machines. This paper describes an approach using vibration signals collected in real-time with faults as a preliminary study for a deeper approach with the study of the methodology of accelerated life tests to assist during the operational life stage allowing the manufacturer the determination of the life cycles of product. The proposed approach built on previous experiences under development in the project Integration of Intelligent Systems of Maintenance and Chain of Supply of Spares. The objective of this work is to present preliminary results analyzing the variability of failure signatures of the damaged gears in order to allow the identification of product life cycles for specific parts of an electric actuator.

E-commerce has developed through the use of digital signatures, employing various forms of Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) to ensure the secure usage of digital signatures. Digital signatures are designed to facilitate the functions of traditional seals and handwritten signatures for the purposes of authentication, data integrity, and non-repudiation within the e-commerce environment. Historically, the authenticity of documentation has always been verified by the application of a recognisable visual stimulus to the document; however, the current digital signature regime overlooks the importance of this analogous sense of visualisation. One of the primary problems with existing digital signatures is that a digital signature does not "feel" like, or resemble, a traditional seal to the human observer, as it does not have a personal, recognisable, or aesthetic sense of visualisation. Currently, digital signatures, such as the OpenPGP (Pretty Good Privacy) digital signature, are attached to the end of an electronic document as a stream of printable ASCII characters. (RFC2440) This appears to the average user as a long, incomprehensible string of random characters offering no sense of identity or ownership by simple visual inspection. Additionally, digital signatures change each time they are applied, in contrast to traditional seals that remain consistent personal identifiers associated with individual signatories. The goal of this research is to promote enhancements to existing digital signature schemes in order to bridge the cultural gap between traditional seals and digital signatures. Culturally friendly features integrated into the digital signature have the potential to increase user acceptability of global e-commerce. This research investigates traditional seal cultures within the context of modern digital signatures, identifying the need to develop a new, culturally friendly, visualised digital signature scheme. The principles behind digital signatures are reviewed and the essential roles and responsibilities of a PKI are addressed. A practical analysis of PKI implementation is also essential. Taiwan is selected as the focus of this research since its heritage is deeply rooted in, and strongly adheres to the Chinese seal culture. The Taiwanese government is in the process of adapting the traditional seal certificate system to the electronic digital signature system. Therefore it is pertinent to review the PKI implementation and digital signatures applications in Taiwan in this study. The purpose of this research is to make the intangible digital signature virtually tangible; i.e., to incorporate visualisation into the current digital signature practice. This research defines new private extensions to the X.509 v3 certificate, recommending that conforming visualised digital signature applications should then be developed to generate and/or recognise visual digital certificates in support of the proposed visualised digital signature scheme. The processes of visualised digital signature creation and of verification through the application of the visualised digital certificate are then explained. This is accompanied by a model of system analysis for developers of conforming implementations of this specification. This allows developers the freedom to select appropriate developing tools. An analysis of this research evaluates the quality of integrity, security, interoperability, performance, and flexibility offered by this proposal.Future directions for furthering research development conclude this dissertation.

Em sistemas modernos de manutenção inteligente a qualidade de uma máquina ou equipamento depende do suporte que é fornecido junto com esse produto, com a confiabilidade e segurança na utilização do mesmo. Estas exigências, por vezes, não são cumpridas e podem estar indisponíveis em algumas máquinas. Este trabalho descreve uma abordagem utilizando sinais de vibração coletados em tempo real com falhas como estudo preliminar para uma abordagem mais profunda como estudo dametodologia de testes de vida acelerado para auxiliar durante a fase de vida operacional permitindo ao fabricante a determinação dos ciclos de vida do produto. A abordagem proposta construída em cima de experiências anteriores em desenvolvimento no projeto Integração de Sistemas Inteligentes de Manutenção e Cadeia de Fornecimento de Peças Sobressalentes. O objetivo deste trabalho é apresentar resultados preliminares analisando a variabilidade das assinaturas de falhas das engrenagens danificadas de maneira a permitir a identificação dos ciclos de vida do produto para partes específicas de um atuador elétrico. / In modern systems of intelligent maintenance the quality of a machine or equipment depends on the support that comes with this product, with the reliability and safety in the use of it. These requirements are sometimes not met and may be unavailable on some machines. This paper describes an approach using vibration signals collected in real-time with faults as a preliminary study for a deeper approach with the study of the methodology of accelerated life tests to assist during the operational life stage allowing the manufacturer the determination of the life cycles of product. The proposed approach built on previous experiences under development in the project Integration of Intelligent Systems of Maintenance and Chain of Supply of Spares. The objective of this work is to present preliminary results analyzing the variability of failure signatures of the damaged gears in order to allow the identification of product life cycles for specific parts of an electric actuator.

Em sistemas modernos de manutenção inteligente a qualidade de uma máquina ou equipamento depende do suporte que é fornecido junto com esse produto, com a confiabilidade e segurança na utilização do mesmo. Estas exigências, por vezes, não são cumpridas e podem estar indisponíveis em algumas máquinas. Este trabalho descreve uma abordagem utilizando sinais de vibração coletados em tempo real com falhas como estudo preliminar para uma abordagem mais profunda como estudo dametodologia de testes de vida acelerado para auxiliar durante a fase de vida operacional permitindo ao fabricante a determinação dos ciclos de vida do produto. A abordagem proposta construída em cima de experiências anteriores em desenvolvimento no projeto Integração de Sistemas Inteligentes de Manutenção e Cadeia de Fornecimento de Peças Sobressalentes. O objetivo deste trabalho é apresentar resultados preliminares analisando a variabilidade das assinaturas de falhas das engrenagens danificadas de maneira a permitir a identificação dos ciclos de vida do produto para partes específicas de um atuador elétrico. / In modern systems of intelligent maintenance the quality of a machine or equipment depends on the support that comes with this product, with the reliability and safety in the use of it. These requirements are sometimes not met and may be unavailable on some machines. This paper describes an approach using vibration signals collected in real-time with faults as a preliminary study for a deeper approach with the study of the methodology of accelerated life tests to assist during the operational life stage allowing the manufacturer the determination of the life cycles of product. The proposed approach built on previous experiences under development in the project Integration of Intelligent Systems of Maintenance and Chain of Supply of Spares. The objective of this work is to present preliminary results analyzing the variability of failure signatures of the damaged gears in order to allow the identification of product life cycles for specific parts of an electric actuator.

Within a range of study degree, the diploma thesis deals with a reconstruction design of three intersections and a single-span railway bridge along the Roviny street, Brno. The design is based on a familiarity with the territory as well as on traffic surveys. The proposed solution comprises the public transport lay-bys and pedestrians. The shape of intersections has been verified by means of vehicle-swept paths according to the TP 171 standard. The clearance under the bridge has been enlarged up to 4.80m and is in accordance with the S9.5 road category.

The migration of signing algorithms is a process which can be used to move from signing algorithms which are regarded as less safe to algorithms which are regarded as safer. The safety of cryptographic algorithms has been compromised before, algorithms such as SHA-1 has been proven to be broken. The goal of this study was to find criteria that could define a successful migration as well as evaluating a method to perform a migration. The criteria were found by evaluating related works found in an RFC document as well as in a Springer conference paper. The criteria that was found was the following: backwards compatibility, no downtime, no need for mass revocation, no need for strict scheduling and no extra overhead. The evaluated method utilized a construct called a multiple key certificate; it was chosen because it conformed to most of the found criteria. The multiple key certificate utilized two different key pairs, one generated from a conventional algorithm and the other using an alternative algorithm, it also conformed to the x.509 standard. The alternative algorithm could be chosen to be a post quantum algorithm. The prototype was tested for time overhead, memory overhead and backward compatibility. The results of testing to sign and verify 10 000 certificates as well as examining the file size of the certificate showed that the choice of alternative algorithm heavily affects the time overhead of the prototype certificate. The multiple key certificate also proved to be backwards compatible with widely used applications. This solution has proven itself to act in accordance to all the newly established criterion except for the criterion regarding overhead however, alternative algorithms could be strategically chosen to minimize overhead. The multiple key certificate seems to be a successful way to migrate signing algorithms. / Migration av signeringsalgoritmer som används i certifikat är en process som kan behövas när en signeringsalgoritm som är mindre säker ska ersättas med en som är mer säker. Säkerheten som återfinns hos kryptografiska algoritmer har brutits förut, algoritmer såsom SHA-1 har bevisats vara osäkra. Målet med denna studie var att ta fram kriterier som kan definiera en lyckad migration samt evaluera en metod som kan användas för att utföra en migration. Kriterierna togs fram genom att studera tidigare arbeten inom migration av signeringsalgoritmer, dessa arbeten återfinns hos RFC dokument samt konferensrapporter från Springer. Kriterierna som togs fram var följande: kompatibilitet med äldre system, ingen nertid, inget behov av massrevokering, inget behov av strikta tidsscheman samt ingen extra omkostnad. Metoden som utvärderades kallas för flernyckels certifikat. Den valdes för att den följde flest av de nyfunna kriterierna. Lösningen utnyttjar två olika nyckelpar, nämligen ett nyckelpar som har genererats med en konventionell algoritm samt ett nyckelpar som har genererats med en alternativ algoritm. Lösningen följer även x.509 standarden. Den alternativa algoritmen kan väljas så att den är postkvantum. Prototypen testades för omkostnad i tid samt minne genom att signera och verifiera 10 000 certifikat samt att titta på certifikatens filstorlek. Prototypen testades även för kompatibilitet med kända applikationer. Resultaten visade att valet av alternativa algoritmer hade stor påverkan på omkostnaderna. Tester visade att prototypen var kompatibel med applikationer som används i stor utsträckning. Lösningen verkade följa alla nyfunna kriterier förutom kriteriet angående omkostnad men den alternativa algoritmen kan strategiskt väljas för att minimera omkostnaden. Prototypen verkar vara ett lyckat sätt att migrera signeringsalgoritmer.

Thesis (MScIng)--University of Stellenbosch, 2006. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: We designed a generic avatar animator for use in sign language related projects. The animator is capable of animating any given avatar that is compliant with the H-Anim standard for humanoid animation. The system was designed with the South African Sign Language Machine Translation (SASL-MT) project in mind, but can easily be adapted to other sign language projects due to its generic design. An avatar that is capable of accurately performing sign language gestures is a special kind of avatar and is referred to as a signing avatar. In this thesis we investigate the special characteristics of signing avatars and address the issue of finding a generic design for the animation of such an avatar. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Ons het ’n generiese karakteranimasiestelsel ontwikkel vir gebruik in gebaretaal verwante projekte. Die animasiestelsel het die vermo¨e om enige karaktermodel wat met die H-Anim standaard versoenbaar is, te animeer. Die animasiestelsel is ontwerp met die oog op gebruik in die South African Sign Language Machine Translation (SASL-MT) projek, maar kan maklik aangepas word vir ander gebaretaalprojekte te danke aan die generiese ontwerp. ’n Karaktermodel wat in staat is om gebare akkuraat te maak is ’n spesiale tipe karaktermodel wat bekend staan as ’n gebaretaal avatar (Engels : signing avatar). In hierdie tesis ondersoek ons die spesiale eienskappe van ’n gebaretaal avatar en beskou die soektog na ’n generiese ontwerp vir die animering van so ’n karaktermodel.

I denna studie undersöker jag hur hörande vuxna andraspråksinlärare (L2) använder och utvecklar perspektiv i tre olika kategorier: karaktärens, observatörens ochblandat perspektivi svenskt teckenspråk under en tidsperiod på ett år. Målgruppens resultat har jämförts med en kontrollgrupp bestående av döva förstaspråkstalare (L1). Resultatet visar att målgruppen från andra inspelningstillfället till fjärde inspelningstillfället har utvecklat flera perspektiv i alla kategorier. När det gäller språkliga likheter och skillnader mellan målgruppen och kontrollgruppen är en tydlig likhet att alla uttrycker sina imiterande gester på samma sätt. Resultatet visar också att flera informanter i målgruppen använder dubbla referenter i teckenrummet. Det kan bero på att de föredrar observatörperspektivet eftersom de har svårigheter med blandat perspektiv. Kontrollgruppen har istället betydligt högre andel blandat perspektiv än målgruppen. / In this study, I investigate how hearing adult second language (L2) learners use and develop perspective in the three different categories – character, observerand mixed perspective– in Swedish Sign Language over the course of one year. The results of the target group are compared to those of a control group consisting of deaf first language (L1) users. The results show that the target group, between the second and fourth recording session, has developed multiple perspectives in all categories. Furthermore, linguistic similarities and differences between target and control groups are investigated, one similarity being that all informants express imitating gestures in the same way. The results show that several informants in the target group use double referents in signing space. This may be a consequence of their preference for observer perspective, since they have difficulties with mixed perspectives. Conversely, the control group has a considerably higher percentage of mixed perspectives than the target group.